Collaborative Planning Processes
• A comprehensive intervention or action plan includes– Goals and objectives– Targets for change– Step-by-step activities specifying roles and
responsibilities– Measures to evaluate progress
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Client Expertise in Planning
• Content experts – Knowing what they want
• Motivation experts– Describing what they are willing to do
• Skill experts – Demonstrating their capabilities
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Worker Expertise in Planning
• As technical experts– Practitioners facilitate effective processes to
develop concrete action plans
• As resource experts– Social workers have skills and information to
contribute
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Issues Affecting Collaborative Planning
• Challenges limiting clients’ abilities to participate fully
• Involuntary clients – Predetermined goals – Limited options
• Responses of others in clients' contexts
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Planning in Larger Systems
• Social workers are facilitators
• Groups have more resources
• Groups generate new possibilities as members interact
• Groups use different types of decision-making, such as consensus building
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Goals and Objectives
• Goals – General statements of what clients want to
accomplish
• Objectives – Explicit statements of concrete changes
desired
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Considering Goals
• What goals should clients set?– Obtain needed resources– Make important life decisions– Modify structural arrangements– Personal growth and change
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Considering Goals
• How far ahead? – Short term vs. long-term
• How many? – Reasonable number for attainment
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Translating Goals into Objectives
• Steps toward goals
• Explicit and operational
• Realistic and attainable
• Discrete and time-limited
• Sequential or concurrent
• Measurable
• Acceptable to clients and workers
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Constructing Action Plans
• Reorient problems to outcomes
• Determine logical order
• Create discrete units
• Group issues by similarity
• Crystallizing Outcome Goals
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Writing Effective Objectives
• Objectives lay out "who will achieve what when”
• Clearly written objectives lead directly to goals
• True test: measurability
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Prioritizing Objectives
• Rate objectives in light of critical needs and availability of resources
• Priority actions – Protecting clients’ safety– Relieving distress– Meeting basic human needs
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Screening Generalist Intervention Strategies
• Review potential actions in all systems, including– The client system – Subsystems of the client system– Environmental systems– Transactional systems
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Choosing Effective Strategies
• Brainstorm
• Match resources and needs
• Emphasize client strengths
• Consider what workers can offer
• Weigh costs and benefits
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Delineating Tasks and Responsibilities
• Ensures a coordinated effort in meeting objectives
• Good planning incorporates opportunities for evaluation– Proceed as planned – Reconsider how the plan is going and make
modifications
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Setting Reviews and Evaluations
• Effectively written objectives define intervals for reviewing progress
• Each review offers workers and clients an opportunity to proceed as planned– Or make modifications
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Contracting
• Forging an agreement to proceed
• Various forms – Simple verbal agreement – Formal, written, signed agreement
• Empowering when clients experience control in their situation
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The Evolving Contract
• Contract changes as the work progresses
• Types of contracts– For the relationship– For assessment– For change– For resolution
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Contracting as an Empowering Process
• Contracting with clients has benefits – Beyond a simple clarification of current status
and future direction
• Emphasize client participation, facilitate communication, improve commitment, – Foster autonomy and self-determination, &
provide framework for reflecting on outcomes
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