CH0204 Organic Chemical Technology
Lecture 12
Chapter 4 Synthe2c fibers
Balasubramanian S Assistant Professor (OG) Department of Chemical Engineering
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Chapter 4 Synthe2c Fibers
Acrylics
Polyamides
Polyesters
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Overview of topics
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Synthetic (or man-made fibers)
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What are Synthe2c Fibers? The clothes that we wear are made up of fabrics Fabrics are made up of fibers Depending on the sources the fibers are classified in two types 1. Natural and 2. Synthe2c Natural fibers are the fibers which are obtained from plants and animals e.g. silk and wool Synthe2c fibers are made by human beings or also called as man-‐made fibers Nylon, Polyester, Rayon etc.
Synthetic (or man-made fibers)
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Natural Fiber, Silk wool
Synthetic (or man-made fibers)
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Synthe2c Fibers
Nylon
Polyester
Synthetic (or man-made fibers)
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The first synthe2c or man-‐made fiber is cellulose nitrate and the next synthe2c fiber is regenerated cellulose or viscose. Some of the man-‐made fibers emerged aYer 1940’s were acrylics, polyamides, polyesters and polyolefin. The uses of man-‐made fibers depend upon the nature of the individual fiber. Clothing, Carpets, and Upholstery are all made largely, or wholly, of synthe2c fibers.
Acrylics
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Acrylic fibers are synthe'c fibers made from a polymer (polyacrylonitrile) with an average molecular weight of ~100, 000 about 1900 monomer units The Dupont Corpora2on created the first Acrylic fibers in 1941 and trademarked them under the name “Orlon”
Polyamide (Nylon fiber) Production
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Process Hexamethylene diamine
Adipic Acid
Ace2c acid Nitrogen
Water
Air
Steam
Polyamide (Nylon)
Polyamides
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A polyamide is a polymer containing monomers of amides. They occurs both naturally and ar'ficially. Polyamides are commonly used in tex'les, automo'ves, carpet and sports wear.
Polyamides – Method of production
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Adipic acid + Hexamethylene diamine Hexamethylene diammonium adipate (or) nylon salt Poly(hexa methylene adipamide) or Nylon
Polyamides (Nylon)
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2 – 3 atm 240 – 280 oc
A heat transfer fluid and is a mixture of biphenyl (C12 H10 and diphenyl oxide (C12H10O)
2 – 3 atm 240 – 280 oc
Uses of Polyamides (Nylon)
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Used in the manufacture of 1. Unlubricated or non lubricated bearings 2. Bags 3. Fabrics 4. Ropes 5. Fishing line or net
Uses of Polyamides (Nylon)
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Used in the manufacture of unlubricated or non lubricated bearings
Uses of Polyamides (Nylon)
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Used in the manufacture of bags
Used in the manufacture of fabrics
Uses of Polyamides (Nylon)
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Used in the manufacture of ropes
Used in the manufacture of Fish lines or fish nets
Polyesters (PET)
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Process p-‐Xylene
Air
Methanol Ethylene glycol
Catalyst
Water
Steam
Polyethylene Therepthalate
Polyesters (PET)
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The common polyester fibers are polymers of the ester
formed from dimethyl terepthalate and ethylene glycol Produc'on steps 1. Prepara2on of intermediates 2. Polymeriza2on of ester monomers
P-‐xylene Terepthalic acid Dimethyl terephthalate
Polyesters (PET)
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Polymeriza2on is a two stage 1. Monomer is first prepared either by an ester
interchange between dimethyl terepthalate and ethylene glycol or by direct esterifica2on of terepthalic acid
2. The second stage is the polymeriza2on of monomer to
yield polyethylene terephthalate (Polyester)
Polyesters-PET
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H2SO4
Uses of Polyesters (PET)
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Used in the manufacture of 1. Fabrics 2. Wrinkle free fabrics 3. Hoses 4. V belts 5. Pillows 6. Carpets
Uses of Polyesters
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Fabric Wrinkle free fabric
Uses of Polyesters
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Hose V -‐ Belts
Uses of Polyesters
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Pillows
Carpets
Polyesters manufacturers in India
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VACMET INDIA LIMITED Anant Plaza, IInd Floor 4/117-‐2A, Civil Lines, Church Road, Agra -‐ 282 002, Uhar Pradesh (INDIA)
Indo Rama Synthe'cs (India) Limited 31-‐A, MIDC Industrial Area, Bu2bori, Nagpur -‐ 441122
Filatex India Limited (FIL) Noida Office and Plant A-‐2 Noida Extension, Phase-‐II, Dist. Gautam Budh Nagar (U.P)-‐201301 (INDIA)
Relance Industries Limited Barabanki Manufacturing Division Near Lucknow, Uhar Pradesh India
Jiwarajka Tex'le Industries 220 Atlanta Estate, 2nd Floor, Vit Bhai, Goregaon (E), Mumbai 400063
Viscose Rayon
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1. Alkali Conversion Cellulose + NaoH = Alkali Cellulose + Water
2. CS2 Stabiliza2on/Solubiliza2on Alkali Cellulose + Carbon disulphide = Sodium
Cellulose Xanthane 3. Acid Regenera2on Sodium Cellulose Xanthane +Sulfuric Acid = Rayon
+ Carbon disulphide + Sodium bisulphate
Major Steps
Viscose Rayon
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2 – 4 h
2 – 3 days
Alkali Conversion
CS2 or Carbon di sulphide stabiliza'on/solubiliza'on
4 – 5 days Acid Regenera'on
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1. Dryden C. E, Outlines of Chemical technology – for the 21st Century, 3rd edi2on, East-‐West Press (2004)
2. Aus2n G. T, Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries, 5th edi2on, Mc Graw Hill Interna2onal edi2ons (1984)
References
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Thank you
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