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CESB493INTEGRATED CIVIL
ENGINEERING DESIGN PROJECT DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING Developing a ConceptualDesign for IDP
13th Nov 2013
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3
Seymour Papert
You cant teach people everything they need to know.
The best you can do is position them where they canfind what they need to know when they need to know it.
Chinese Proverb
CAPSTONEDESIGN
CLASSLECTURES
CAPSTONEDESIGN
CLASSLECTURESLIMITATION
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EAC Panel requires that we conduct acapstone design project as a compulsorycourse/subject and not as an elective.
Hence, decision was made to make CESB493 Integrated Civil Engineering DesignProject as a compulsory course/subjecteffective Sem II 2008-2009.
New 127CH Capstone Design is CoreSubjectAUTHENTIC REAL PROBLEMS IS BASED ONOPEN ENDED PROBLEMS WITH MULTIPLECONSTRAINS AND SOLUTIONS
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5
CASE STUDY REAL LIFE PROBLEMOPEN ENDED SOLUTION
UNIVERSITY SET-UP
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNIVERSITY SET-UP
CAPSTONE DESIGN
INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMOPEN ENDED SOLUTION INDUSTRIAL SET-UP
WORK BASED LEARNING
TYPE PROBLEM /SOLUTIONENVIRONMENT
INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMOPEN ENDED SOLUTION INDUSTRIAL SIMULATION
HYPOTHETICAL PROBLEMWELL DEFINE SOLUTION
MODEL OF PROBLEM ORGANISED PROJECT WORK
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6
Industrial ConsultancyProjects
Problem AnalysisPreliminary and Final
Design Report
Authorities Special LecturesIndustrial Talks
Company Profile &Bussiness Plan
Authorities GuidelinesCode of Practice
Literature Review
Client Consultant Meeting
Tender Documents Conditions of Contract Bill of Quantities Specifications Drawings Design Calculations
CAPSTONE DESIGN PROCESS OUTPUTPROCESSINPUT
Schedule of Task Monitoring of Progress
Evaluation by Industrial Panel
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MISSING LINK BETWEEN FUNDAMENTALS& DESIGN PROCESS
THEORY & FUNDAMENTALSOF ENGINEERINGKNOWLEDGE
MISSING LINK?
1 2DETAIL DESIGN PROCESS SPREADSHEET
SOFTWARE
CAD-CAM
3
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RELATIONSHIP OF CONCEPTUAL DESIGNIN THE DESIGN PROCESS
THEORY & FUNDAMENTALSOF ENGINEERINGKNOWLEDGE
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
6 Key Parameters
Technical
Cost
Time
Sustainability & Env
Societal, Legal &Culture
Public Health & Safety
1
2
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
UBBL
Guidelines
Standard & Code
DETAIL DESIGN PROCESS
SPREADSHEET
SOFTWARE
CAD
OPTIMAL SOLUTIONSEVALUATION & JUSTIFICATION
3
45
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DEVELOPING A CONCEPTUAL MODEL
AUTHENTICINDUSTRIAL BASEDPROBLEMS GIVEN
MEETING PROJECTOBJECTIVES BASED ONPROJECT/CLIENTREQUIREMENTS
1
2
GATHERING ANDCOLLECTING RELEVANTDATA/BACKGROUND
INFORMATION
3
DEVELOPINGCONCEPTUALDESIGN WITH ALTERNATIVES
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
GENERATING ANDANALYZING ALTERNATIVESOLUTIONS BYSYNTHESIZING & APPLYINGAPPROPRIATE CIVILENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE
MODELLING AND DESIGNPROCESS
CHOOSING THEOPTIMALSOLUTION BASED ON
1. Technical
2. Cost
3. Time4. Sustainability & Env
5. Societal, Legal &Culture
6. Public Health & Safety
JUSTIFICATION AND ITSFINAL SOLUTIONS
4
6
5
7
8
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More time is spent for conceptual design,
better and more appropriate solutions wouldbe found.The possibility to save money in the longperspective and creating additional valuewith little extra cost can be clearly found.
Engineering problems are under-defined;there are many solutions, good, bad andindifferent. The art is to arrive at a good
solution. This is a creative activity, involvingimagination, intuition and deliberate choice .
~Ove Arup
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Effect of time spent on conceptual design (Dekker 2000)
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Conceptual design is probably the most inspiring part of
engineers tasks but at the same time the mostdemanding of all.
Indeed, the more experienced the bridge engineer is, themore easily he or she can see the solution in his or herhead and does not need to start from scratch.
The contradiction becomes obvious as conceptual designhas to be the most creative part of the design. On onehand, engineers do not need to invent the wheel everytime they approach a problem. On the other hand, if theyalready predefine the answer in their mind, they arealready neglecting most of the other alternatives, whichreduces the possibilities for new inventions andimprovement of solutions.
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Conceptual designPreliminary designDetailed design
Tendering & Award.Site PossessionConstructionHandoverDefect Liability Period.
Design Construction Cycle
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Five -step approach for conceptual designIn this section the methodology by Niemeyer (2003) is explained shortly. The
methodology in the next slide which presents an overview of the whole process ofconceptual design from need definition to proposal of the best solution.
It was developed by combining the methodologies of Kroll et al. (2001) and ofEngstrm (2002).
The methodology of Kroll et al (2001) is more theoretical and is useful forunderstanding of problem solving theory and creation of innovative solutions,while Engstrm proposed a practical approach to solve the problem and hismethodology is suitable when used as a toolbox.
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Five-step methodology proposed by Niemeyer (2003)Location of buildinglayout and i ts
platform l evels, costestimate, whatinfrastructureservices needed andthe stru cturalsystems, materi alswith its constructionmethodology
Technicalaspects suchas codes,legal issues,siteconstraints,authorities
requirementsetc
I denti fying themost importantpoints to thecli ent, generationof ideas andsoluti ons is made.
Proposed solutionswi th sketches,preliminarycalcul ations andexplanations is workedout. Conf igur ation is adivergent process
Proposed soluti ons in step4 are evaluated andranked accordin g to key
parameter s. Evalu ation i sa convergent process.
Divergent and ConvergentThinking for SolvingProblems
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Five-step methodology proposed by Niemeyer (2003)
1. Need definition the actual start of the project .The basic needs with regard to where the building layout and its platform level willbe situated, cost estimate, what infrastructure services needed and the structuralsystems with its construction methodology required. This part makes all the partiesfamiliar with the task and the main goals.It is very important to identify the actual needs without thinking about solutions. Need identification independent of solution space can lead to an innovative design. After
identification of the needs, they have to be analysed, which helps to set the limitationsof the project. If the needs are correctly identified then the risk of changing the wholedesign later during the design phase has been reduced or eliminated. One procedureto identify the real needs is to list all questions and issues systematically.
2. Design requirements at this stage the requirements are further clarified and alltechnical aspects such as codes, legal issues, site constraints and others arediscussed .This step gives a summary of the minimum needed functions and constraints .Design requirements do not mean checking the performance and properties of the
product, since this can lead towards predefined solutions, which again can be a hurdle
for innovative design. Since design requirements guide the design process, thequality of the product is directly influenced by them .
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Five-step methodology proposed by Niemeyer (2003)3. Key parameter identification simplification of the task andtransformation of it into a more abstract problem.
By identifying the most important points to the client, generation ofideas and solutions is made. These solutions should try to satisfy the key
parameters as much as possible. Simplification is done by depriving theless important factors or removing those factors, which are not importantin the beginning or during the conceptual design phase but can be relevant
in the later stages.Secondly, trying to solve the most critical problems first is the way to beable to continue developing the concept further.
4. Configuration more detailed information about the proposedsolutions with sketches, preliminary calculations and explanations isworked out.
For the evaluation of the physical configuration it is important todefine some parameters like dimensions and material choice. Since thisis a repeated process, several options will arise. Moreover, opposite to
parameter identification, configuration is quite a divergent process .
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5. Evaluation the proposed solutions in step 4 are evaluated andranked according to different parameters . One of the most crucial steps is the Key parameter identification.
The solutions that remain as promising must be further evaluated andcompared. In order to do that the engineer must know which
parameters and qualities of a specific buildings and its infrastructure
are of greater importance for the client.
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Dekker (2000) Proposed 4 Different Ways1. Ranking matrix all the parameters are compared to each other.
For each comparison the parameter is given one of three possible values:
+ More important Less important0 Equally important
After this all the values are summed and the parameters ranked. This method gives logicaloutcome by comparing parameters to each other instead of randomly distributing a number of
points between them. However, it requires more time and effort. Ranking matrix, from Dekker (2000)
Key Parameter Identification 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sum Ranking
1. Technical 0 + + + + + 5 1/22. Cost + 0 + + + + 5 1/23. Time + + 0 + - + 4 3/44. Sustainability & Env + + + 0 - + 3 3/45. Societal, Legal & Culture + + - - 0 - 2 66. Public Health & Safety + + + - - 0 3 5
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2. Discursive Ranking
the different parameters are given a ranking on various scales (1 to 10, 1 to 100)depending on the designer. The choice follows the needed accuracy or
preferences. The most important parameter receives the highest amount of points and vice versa. If two objectives are considered equally important, theyshould receive an equal score.
Discursive Ranking from Dekker (2000)Distribution of values using fixed number/scale
Scale Key Parameters Identifications
1
2 Societal, Legal & Culture
3 Public Health & Safety
4
5 Sustainability & Env
6
7 Time
8 Technical
9
10 Cost
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Dekker (2000) proposed four different ways to achieve this:)
3. Distribution of Values Using Fixed Number of Points This approach distributes a limited amount of points among the parameters.
It is up to the designer to decide how much importance is put on different parameters, while considering the project specific demands.
Distribution of values using a fixednumber of points, from Dekker (2000).
Here 100 points are distributed between parameters A, B, C, D, E and F
Key Parameters Identifications 100%
A. Technical 25
B. Cost 30
C. Time 15
D. Sustainability & Env 15
E. Societal, Legal & Culture 7
F. Public Health & Safety 8
100
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Dekker (2000) proposed 4 different ways
4. Objective Tree The most analytical approach, which provides more consistency.
Here different levels of parameters are present and only small groups of parameters are compared to each other. The relative weight of a parameter is relatedto the relative weight of the group of parameters to which it belongs.
Objective tree, from Dekker (2000) General view of the objective tree
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Choice of Methods
The choice of method depends on the decision of the designers and is not influencingsubstantially the final results. More important is to take into account that different
parameters have different importance for a certain project.
For some cases quicker methods such as distribution of values using fixed number of points or discursive ranking are suitable , while when detailed analysis objective treeand ranking matrix give better results.
According to Dekker (2000), the following factors may affect the choice of evaluation method: Available time for evaluation Required accuracy of the comparison Information available Complexity of the problem Preferences of the designer or the team of designers
Finally, it is very important to do an evaluation of the results subjectively and analyze thewinning alternative. The highest score does not necessarily mean the best option .
O i f D d f B ildi P j t
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Overview of Demands for Building Projects
Every structure has to meet a wide range of demands. Six main areas were outlined by Engstrm(2002) for buildings in general They are systemized below.
Life-cycle design philosophies have taken holdresulting in nearly zero net waste and great
savings in energy consumed for waste disposal.Virtually everything is recycled and re-used
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Overview of Demands for Building Projects
Every structure has to meet a wide range of demands. Modified 9 main key areas wereoutlined They are systemized below.
Societal, Legal & CultureDisabled user, UBBL, Sensitivity
M&E ServicesLoading , vibration, M&E floorenvelope, opening in beams,floor, trenches etc
TechnicalResistance Loads ActionsServiceability Deflections, vibrations etcGuidelinesAuthoritiesCodes
Clearance, protections
Safety & Public HealthErection Methods, MosquitoControl
36
5
98
4
2
1
3
7
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CRITERIAINFRA /STRUCTURAL
TechnicalFeasibilityPO2aPO2b
CostPO2aPO2b
TimePO2aPO2b
Societal Legal& Cultural PO6a
Public Health& Safety PO6b
Sustainability&EnvironmentPO7
1.ProjectManagement +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-
2.Geotechnical +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-
3.Water/Sewer/Environment +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-
4. Highway andDrainage +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-
5. STRUCTURES Choice of
Materials+/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-
StructuralSystems +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-
Construction
Methods +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/- +/0/-
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Conceptual Design based on Ranking MatrixPM INFRACost, time, technically feasible, environmental and
sustainability to be substantiate with data.Low/Medium/High
Layout
Option 1LayoutOption 2
Technical
Feasibility PO2aPO2b
Cost
PO2aPO2b
Time
PO2aPO2b
Societal
Legal &CulturalPO6a
Public
Health &Safety PO6b
Sustaina-
bility & EnvPO7
ProjectManager
L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H
Geotechnical L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H
Water/Sewer/Env
L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H
Road &
Drainage
L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H
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Conceptual Design based on Ranking Matrix
StructuresCost, time, technically feasible environmental andsustainability to be substantiate with data.Low/Medium/High
Options basedon thefollowings:
TechnicalFeasibility
PO2aPO2b
Cost
PO2aPO2b
Time
PO2aPO2b
SocietalLegal &CulturalPO6a
PublicHealth &Safety PO6b
Sustaina-bility &EnvPO7
Material L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H Construction
Methods L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H
Structural
SystemsL/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H L/M/H
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Bukit Jalil Site : Location
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Bukit Jalil Site Analysis get details fromTopographical Map, Geology Map, SI Reports, SiteVisits and Meeting Letters to relevant Authorities
SWAMP HILL
HILL
Contour in ft
1
2
FEDERAL TERRITORY
Contour in m
Conceptual Toolbox on Infrastructure Demands To propose 2 Layouts
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Conceptual Toolbox on Infrastructure Demands To propose 2 Layouts
EconomicalCost Efficiency Construction Cost Maintenance CostTime Efficiency Construction Time Prefabrication time
Water Supply Available Pressure
Head Syabas Guideline MWA Manual Water demand Network design concept Tapping point Max and residual
pressure Elevated Water Tank ?
GeotechnicalEarthwork Platform Authorities guideline Balance cut and fill Lot boundary Soil Profile Rock level Soft ground Unsuitable Material
Slope Ground water table SI Design parameter
Factor of safety
Foundation Loading SI Design parameter Shallow Deep Settlement Bearing Soil improvement
Project Management Gantt Chart/ Microsoft Project Preliminary Costing Bill of Quantities Specifications Condition of Contract Project Conceptual Development
Highway Arahan Teknik/REALM Access Road Gradient Cut and balance earthwork Lane & Kerb requirement Traffic & Pavement requirement
Drainage Qpre vs Q post On site detention Flood level Discharge point Drainage on slope Drainage culvert
Safety & Public Health Site safety Erection Methods Health Control Workers Accommodation Site Sanitation
Societal, Legal & Culture Disabled user, Law suit Culture sensitivity
Environmental Sustainability Produced waste Effect on habitat and
nature Efficient use of
resources & materials Temporary works Environmental management
plan
Conceptual Toolbox on Infrastructure Demands Related to
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Conceptual Toolbox on Infrastructure Demands Related toEarthwork Platform Based on 2 Layouts
Project ManagerEconomicalCost Efficiency Construction Cost Maintenance CostTime Efficiency Construction Time Prefabrication time Water Supply
Supply level/ AvailablePressure Head
Materials used Water demand Network design concept Tapping point Max and residual pressure Sunction and storage tank Pumping requirements Type of valves used Elevated Water Tank ? River crossing ?
GeotechnicalEarthwork Platform
Authorities guideline Balance cut and fill Lot boundary Soil Profile Rock level Soft ground Unsuitable Material
Slope Ground water table SI Design parameter
Factor of safety
Highway Access Road Gradient Requirements Traffic Safety Balance Cut and Fill with
general E/Works Traffic flow and circulation Lane design
Drainage Qpre vs Q post On site detention Lined or unlined channel Types of material/drains Flood level Discharge point Drainage on slope
berm, cut off, cascade,energy dissipators, toedrain, catch pit etc
Drainage culvertSize,class,shape,constructiontypes etc
Silt trap
Safety & PublicHealth (All) Site safety Erection Methods Health Control Workers Accommodation Site Sanitation
Societal, Legal &Culture User friendly Litigation Law suit Culture sensitivity
Environmental &
Sustainability (All) Produced waste Effect on habitat and
nature Efficient use of
resources & materials Temporary works Environmental management
plan
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Conceptual Toolbox for Structural Demands
EconomicalCost Efficiency Construction Cost Maintenance CostTime Efficiency Construction Time Prefabrication time
STRUCTURE DEMANDS Code of Practice
Choice of Materials
Steel Concrete Composite Timber
Structural SystemGravity System Slab Systems Beams Systems Column /Wall SystemLateral Load System Bracing Frame action Shear Wall
Production &Construction Methods Cast in situ Prefabricated systems
Project Management Gantt Chart/ Microsoft Project Preliminary Costing Bill of Quantities Specifications Condition of Contract Project Conceptual Development
Safety & Public Health Site safety Erection Methods Health Control Workers Accommodation Site Sanitation
Societal, Legal & Culture Disabled user, Law suit Culture sensitivity
Environmental &Sustainability Produced waste Effect on habitat and
nature Efficient use of
resources & materials Temporary works EMP Formwork Requirements?
TO BE REVIEWED AT LATER STAGE Service Life Design Architectural Requirements M&E Services Value Engineering Design Audit
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Students are expected to spend about9 hours a week on this course.Week 2 to submit company profile and abusiness plan.Submission of Conceptual Preliminaryreport will be in week 7 Submission of the final written report
and detailed design will be due in Week14.The Final Project Presentations will beorganized in Week 13.
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CONCEPTUAL TASK FOR INFRA STRUCTURES
1.0 FIVE STEP METHODOLOGY2.0 RANKING CRITERIA USED3.0 CONCEPTUAL TOOLBOX BASED ON 6 KEY
PARAMETERS Technical
CostTimeSustainability and environment.
Societal, legal, culture,Public health and safety
4.0 Preliminary Costing5.0 Preliminary Calculation
6.0 Schematic Drawings
A t f th P li i R t C t l D ig
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Assessment of the Preliminary Report Conceptual Designwill be based on the following:
A brief scene setting introduction to the context of the designproject.A clear statement of the project objectives and designparametersCollection of information about the constraints and therequirements to be embodied in the design solutionTo develop conceptual design of the capstone projects interms of cost, time, technical feasibility, environmental,sustainability , societal, legal, culture, public health and safetyrequirements within the site constraints for the purpose ofdeveloping the most optimum solutions for the given civilengineering design project. This is the most critical elements for the conceptual capstone design project. Proposing design solution based on the matrix ranking for the
best infrastructure layout solutions, minimum cut and balanceearthwork with the optimum foundation, structuraloptimization for the structural systems, material types andconstruction methods. Key plan, shapes, initial sizes etc of alldesign components with preliminary design calculations.A project schedule in Gantt Chart form to provide anestimated timeline of the project deliverables and importantmilestones
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Conceptual Detailed Design : Each student shalldevelop and produced a
conceptual design based on cost, time, technicalfeasibility, sustainability societal, culture, publichealth and safety requirements and detailed finaldesign report with complete Tender Documents forconstruction purposes and construction costestimates for the integrated design project.Students are required to conduct their own weeklytechnical meeting with recorded minutes of
meeting and maintain a design projectblog/facebook/Whatapps , which will serve as adiary of activities and accomplishments involvingthe student which may help the instructors to
monitor the overall progress.
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Entrepreneurship skills (PO12b) - Company Profile & Business Plan(due in week 2)
5%
Conceptual Design Report Conceptual Design with cost estimate due in week 7 (PO2a&2b) 20%
Detailed Design Report &Tender Documents
Detailed Design inclusive of Tender Documents & BQ(due in week 14) (PO2a & PO2b)
35% 40%
Tender Drawings (due in week 14) ( PO2a and PO2b) 5%
Project Presentation,Teamwork & Life LongLearning (Rubrics
Assessment)
Societal , Legal & Cultural Week 7 & 14 ( PO6a)
2.5%
35%
Public Health & Safety Week 7 & 14 (PO6b) 2.5%
Environmental & Sustainability (PO7)Week 7 Preliminary (5%) Week 14 Final (5%)
10%
Complex Oral & Writing Communication (PO9c) 5%
Life Long Learning (PO11) 2.5%
Project Management (PO12a) 2.5%
Teamwork 5%
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