Cells In Living Things UnitCell Theory’s 3 Parts1. All living things are composed of cells.
2.Cells are the basic units of structure andfunction.
3.New cells are produced from existing cells.
Scheildan, Schwann,and Virchow
Basic Cell Structure• There are many differences between cells.
Cells have different shapes & functions
• ALL cells have the following:cell membrane & cytoplasm
Stem Cells
2 Types of Cells
• Prokaryotes• Usually smaller• Have cell membrane and
cytoplasm• No nuclei (nucleus)• Ex. All bacteria
E. Coli• No membrane bound
organelles
E coli
Salmonella
2 Types of Cells
• Eukaryotes• Usually bigger• Have cell membrane
and cytoplasm• Do contain a nuclei
(nucleus)• Ex. Animals, humans &
plants• Have membrane bound
organelles
Eukaryotic Cells
What types of cells are these?
3 Types of Cell Movement
• FlagellumLong whip-like structure that is used
for movement. Ex. sperm
3 Types of Cell Movement• Cilium-
Short hair-like projections, that are used for movement.
3 Types of Cell Movement• Pseudopods
Temporary projections of cytoplasmEx. Amoebas
Cilia? Flagellum? Or Psuedopods?
Cell Organelles(Mini “organs” inside a cell)
• CytoplasmGel-like substance
Ex. Fruit + Jell-O
Organelles Cytoplasm
Cell Parts• Nucleus = “Brain” Control Center
Cell Parts
• Cell Membrane = “Skin” All cells are surrounded by a cell
membrane. A thin layer of lipid & protein that
separatesthe cells contents from the outside environment.
• Made up of a phospholipid bi-layer
• Head = hydrophilic = water loving• Tail = hydrophobic = water hating
Cell Parts• Cell Wall –• Provides support and
protection for PLANT cells
• Only in plant cells• Chloroplast –
Organelle that captures the energy from sun-light and converts it into chemical energy
• Found in plant cells only
Cell Parts• Centriole –
Helps organize cell division /reproduction
• Vacuole –Sac-like structures which store materials such as H2O, salt, and other organic moleculesLarger vacuoles = plants Smaller vacuoles = animals
Cell Parts• Mitochondria –
Power house of cellConverts chemical energyfrom food into compoundseasier for the cell to useATP(adenine triphosphate)
• Ribosomes –Makes proteinsLocated in the cytoplasm“free”Also located on the RER
2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum• Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum• “ER” / “SER –
Smooth = no ribosomes Makes lipids & carbohydratesMakes poisons, waste & othertoxic chemical harmlessHelps transport materialsthrough the cell
2 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum• Rough
Endoplasmic• Reticulum “RER” –
Rough = ribosomesMakes proteins &modifies proteins
Cell Parts• Lysosomes –
Food particles are digested by enzymesOld organelles are decomposedOld organelles go through absorption(meaning they are absorbed into the cell tobe recycled.)Filled with enzymes
Cell Parts• Golgi Apparatus / Golgi Complex –
Made proteins are sent to their final destinations or out of the cell
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