CEE 370 Lecture #12 10/2/2019
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CEE 370Environmental Engineering
Principles
Lecture #12Environmental Biology I: Biochemical Fundamentals
Reading: Mihelcic & Zimmerman, Chapter 5
Updated: 2 October 2019 Print version
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Why study microorganisms Biodegradation!
They are the engines of our wastewater treatment system They are often used to purify drinking water They account for natural attenuation of pollutants
They may interfere in treatment systems Indicators of environmental degradation Some are disease causing agents Future biotechnology
Can we harness and engineer their biochemical engines? Molecular biology
Genomics Proteomics
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What is the next lowest category below “Phylum”
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A. KingdomB. DisciplineC. DomainD. ClassE. Order
phylogenyDomainsArchaeBacteriaEucaryotes – nucleus, organelles
Kingdoms of EucaryotesProtists, Fungi, Plants, Animals
Other: KPCOFGS
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Procaryotes
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Environmental MicrobiologyTypes of MicroorganismsBacteriaVirusesProtozoaRotifersFungi
MetabolismMicrobial DiseaseMicrobial Growth
Biochemical Molecules Carbohydrates: polysaccharides & sugars Sources of energy, structural components, markers
for identification & communication Nucleic Acids Transmit information across generations – the
blueprint, code for protein synthesis Proteins & amino acids Site of reactions, transport, storage, structure,
defense Lipids Storage of energy, membrane functions
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CarbohydratesPolyhydroxy aldehydes and ketonesEmpirical formula: CH2O
Monomer: sugarsLinear chain and ring formsexample: glucose
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Types of sugarsPosition of carbonylTerminal: aldehyde – an aldoseMid-chain: ketone – a ketose
Number of carbonsThree – trioseFive – pentoseSix - hexose
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Polymeric carbohydratesDisaccharidesExample: sucroseD-glucose + D-fructose
PolysaccharidesExample: StarchAmylose unit
Linear array of Glucose units
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Glycosidic bonds
Large polysaccharides Glycogen Long-term
storage in animals & fungi
Core protein surrounded by glucose chains
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Lipids I
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Hydrophobic – not very soluble in waterFatsGlycerol + fatty acids bound by ester
linkages
Lipids II
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PhospholipidsMajor components
of cell membranesComposed of a
glycerol, 2 fatty acids and a phosphate group
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Steroids
4 fused ringsDavid Reckhow CEE 370 L#12 13
OthersVery important and will be discussed in
lecture on genetics (#10)Proteins, amino acidsBases, Nucleic acids, DNA, RNA
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