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Conduct your best Security Site SurveyConduct your best Security Site Survey
withwithCCTV and Video Lighting FundamentalsCCTV and Video Lighting Fundamentals
Steve Surfaro
Group Manager, Industry Liaison
Panasonic System Solutions Company
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Agenda
Assessment of existing systems/preliminary
recommendations
Intrusion detection Fire alarm, access control, CCTV
Physical barriers, lighting
Crime prevention through environmental
design
Sample security system report format
Color temperature basics
Reflectance/emmisivity
Black and white IR applications
SDIII cameras in video lighting applications
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Introduction
Where does the Security Site Survey sit
in the scheme of a Physical SecurityProgram?
Advantages of the Assessment Process
Identify the System Types to match andminimize the Risk Types
Conduct the Site Survey
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Pre-Assessment Phase
What are you going to Assess? Protection this key information with
procedures
Identify and Rank Critical Assets
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Assessment
Analyze Network Architecture
Assess Threat Environment Test and try to defeat the System
Assess Physical Security (AKA The SiteSurvey
Conduct Physical Asset Analysis
Assess Operations Security
Examine Policies and Procedures
Conduct Impact Analysis Assess Infrastructure Interdependencies
Conduct Risk Characterization
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Post-Assessment
Prioritize Recommendations
Develop Action Plan
Capture Lessons Learned and Best
Practices
Deploy Security System
Conduct Training
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Advantages of Conducting
Assessments and Surveys
Increase awareness, not necessarily
paranoia
Establish a baseline
Identify vulnerabilities and develop
responses
What key assets drive the risk
management process
Promote action to minimize risk
Kick-off your Physical Security Program
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Video Surveillance System SurveyVideo Surveillance System Survey
Functional AspectsFunctional Aspects
Classify Video System by type:Classify Video System by type:
Video Surveillance (Monitoring Function)Video Surveillance (Monitoring Function) Forensic (Recording Function)Forensic (Recording Function)
Video AnalyticsVideo Analytics
Perimeter SecurityPerimeter Security
Access ControlAccess Control
Classify Camera by FunctionClassify Camera by Function
Monitor basic activity (subject is 5% of vertical)Monitor basic activity (subject is 5% of vertical)
Detection (10%)Detection (10%)
Recognition (Human, Animal or Vehicle) (50%)Recognition (Human, Animal or Vehicle) (50%)
Identification (120%)Identification (120%)
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Method of
Resolution Measurement & Camera Function
Verify all
Monitoring and
Recording
Functions usingRotakin or
other accepted
standard
Adjust System
as necessary
for key areas,
adding ormoving
cameras as
required
Monitor Detect
Not less than 5% Vertical Not less than 10% Vertical
Recognition Identification
Not less than 50% Vertical Not less than 120% Vertical
*courtesy Isle of Man Constabulary; CCTV Systems within Licensed*courtesy Isle of Man Constabulary; CCTV Systems within Licensed PremisesPremises
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Image examples suitable forImage examples suitable for
Identification FunctionIdentification Function
SuitableSuitable Not SuitableNot Suitable
Enlargement and enhancementEnlargement and enhancement
Images courtesy ofImages courtesy of
Scientific WorkingScientific Working
Group on Imaging TechnologyGroup on Imaging Technology
and APTA Draft Guidelines for Camerasand APTA Draft Guidelines for Camerasandand
Digital Video Recording SystemsDigital Video Recording Systems
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Model WVModel WV--CW970CW970 Accurate auto tracking capabilityAccurate auto tracking capability
Template matching algorithmTemplate matching algorithm
Auto tracking includes Pan, TiltAuto tracking includes Pan, Tiltand 2 steps zoomand 2 steps zoom
Object can be locked to trackObject can be locked to track
from the controller to supportfrom the controller to support
operatoroperators activitys activity
Masking can specify trackingMasking can specify tracking
area limitarea limit
Camera, tracking DSP and microCamera, tracking DSP and micro
processor are all in one for easeprocessor are all in one for ease
of setup and installationof setup and installation
Same SDIII performance andSame SDIII performance and
features available in WVfeatures available in WV--CW960CW960VMD and Template MatchingVMD and Template Matching
sysy
sxsx
TemplatTemplat
ee
An Aid to IdentificationAn Aid to IdentificationthetheIntelligent Auto Tracking CameraIntelligent Auto Tracking Camera
Low CostLow Cost
VideoVideo
Analytic!Analytic!
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MIXMIX
1.1. Double speed CCD outputs short & long signal to capture the brigDouble speed CCD outputs short & long signal to capture the bright &ht &
dark image.dark image.
2.2. DSP combines signals to provide 128x dynamic range.DSP combines signals to provide 128x dynamic range.
3.3. Area Free (Pixel Based) Natural Contrast Image CorrectionArea Free (Pixel Based) Natural Contrast Image Correction
optimizes the grayoptimizes the gray--scale image in response to the input signal level ofscale image in response to the input signal level of
each individual pixel.each individual pixel.
4.4. Regardless of object position, size, shape, or number it deliverRegardless of object position, size, shape, or number it deliverss
smoother natural reproduction of highsmoother natural reproduction of high contrast images.contrast images.
Super Dynamic IIISuper Dynamic III PLUSPLUS
Short signal for brightShort signal for bright
Long signal for darkLong signal for dark
Area Free (Pixel Based) Natural Contrast Image CorrectionArea Free (Pixel Based) Natural Contrast Image Correction
Key Technology for High Contrast Light Scene:Key Technology for High Contrast Light Scene:
SDIII Pixel Based 128x Dynamic RangeSDIII Pixel Based 128x Dynamic RangeThreshold level & Gray scale Correction tableThreshold level & Gray scale Correction tableSignal MixSignal Mix
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Use Lens Estimator to Size Lens
Enter SceneEnter Scene
Height, WidthHeight, Width
and Distanceand Distancefor Eachfor Each
CameraCamera
As anAs an
alternate, notealternate, note
actual viewingactual viewing
angle onangle on
scaledscaled
diagramdiagram
DetermineDetermine
Object HeightObject Height
on Monitor toon Monitor toMatchMatch
FunctionalFunctional
RequirementRequirement
DetermineDetermine
Focal LengthFocal Length
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Video Site Survey Physical
Aspects
Viewing AngleViewing Angle
EnvironmentEnvironment Lighting type, levelLighting type, level
Reflectance/Reflectance/
EmissivityEmissivity
ObstructionsObstructions
TemperatureTemperature
HumidityHumidity
CorrosivesCorrosives
WaterWater
VandalismVandalism
Mounting ConditionsMounting Conditions
Cabling EntryCabling Entry
RequirementsRequirements
AccessibilityAccessibility
SpecialSpecial Objects /Objects /
Scenes (someScenes (someexamples)examples)
VehiclesVehicles
License PlatesLicense Plates
Shoreline/BorderShoreline/Border
Transit PlatformsTransit Platforms
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Camera Functions
In Critical Locations, Back up PTZIn Critical Locations, Back up PTZ
Cameras with a Fixed CameraCameras with a Fixed Camera
Consider Activation Methods forConsider Activation Methods for
PTZ Camera Preset Acquisition inPTZ Camera Preset Acquisition in
SurveySurvey
Use widest usable field of view forUse widest usable field of view for
fixed camerafixed camera
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Site Survey Cycle
Enter Site Survey Data (RoughEnter Site Survey Data (Rough
Sketches,Sketches,
Location Notes)Location Notes)
Normalize Devices by Camera TypesNormalize Devices by Camera Types
Transfer to Floor PlansTransfer to Floor Plans
Verify samples with actual siteVerify samples with actual site
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Let there be light!
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Color
TempChart
ATW1
ATW1
ATW2
ATW2
AWCAWC
Camera SettingsCamera Settings
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CRI Color Rendition Index
Lighting Type Color
Rendition
Index
Relative Image
Reproduction
Daylight 100 Excellent
Incandescent 97 Excellent
Fluorescent 87-94 ExcellentHalogen 90-97 Excellent
LP Sodium 5 Poor
HP Sodium 30 Poor => Fair
Mercury Vapor 43 Poor => FairMetal Halide 70 Good
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Reflectance The ratio of the total amount of spectral
radiation, reflected by a surface to the totalamount of radiation incident on the surface
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Luminance
Luminance is the intensity of
brightness (in candela per unitarea) of a surface
Higher luminance values are
associated with brighter surfaces.
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Luminance
Concrete is 1.77 times more luminous
than asphalt (reference chart; equation below)
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Luminance Uniformity
Luminance uniformity is another significantfactor in the lighting of parking lots represented by the maximum to minimum horizontal
luminance ratio (max:min)
High max:min ratios, certain areas of parkinglots can have low luminance levels Associated with poor visibility
Low max:min ratios present a more uniformluminance distribution.
Asphalt has a max:min luminance ratio of 1.97times greater than concrete Concrete has a more uniform luminance distribution
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Emmissivity of common materials
WoodWood planed oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .planed oak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.90
Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95 0.960.96
Paints, lacquers, and varnishesPaints, lacquers, and varnishes Black matte shellac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.91Black matte shellac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.91
GlassGlass -- Pyrex, lead, soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pyrex, lead, soda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.85. . . . . . . . 0.85 0.950.95
BrickBrick red and rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .red and rough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.93. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.93
Asphalt , tar , pi tch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Asphalt , tar , pi tch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.95 1.001.00
Stainless steelStainless steel polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .polished . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.07. . . . . . . . . 0.07
Iron and steel (excluding stainless)Iron and steel (excluding stainless) oxidized dull wrought iron . . . .. . . . . . 0.94oxidized dull wrought iron . . . .. . . . . . 0.94
Iron and steel (excluding stainless)Iron and steel (excluding stainless) polished iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.14polished iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.14 0.380.38
ChromiumChromium polished . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .polished . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.08. . . . . . 0.08 0.360.36
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IR Surveillance System
Components IP66 Rated Housing forIP66 Rated Housing for
Environmental ResistanceEnvironmental Resistance
Day/Night Camera has IRDay/Night Camera has IR
Sensitivity to match IRSensitivity to match IR
IlluminatorIlluminator
Hi SpeedHi Speed Lens means theLens means the
Max. Aperture is largeMax. Aperture is large
(small number like f/0.75 ~(small number like f/0.75 ~
f/2)f/2)
IP66 RatedIP66 Rated
HousingHousing
Hi SpeedHi Speed
VarifocalVarifocal LensLens
IR IlluminatorIR Illuminator
Day/NightDay/Night
CameraCamera
w/w/AutoAuto
BackFocusBackFocus
AutoAuto BackFocusBackFocus OperationOperation
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Camera/Lens Issues with IR
Illumination CCTV Cameras - Automatic Switchover
Day/Night : Color to B/W
Duration/Level Adjustments
Anti Day/Night Mode Hunting
Day / Night and IR Compatible Lenses
Automatic Axial chromatic aberration
compensation (focus shift)
Axial chromatic aberration is a phenomenon of being out
of focus on the optical axis which is caused by lightwavelength
Lenses may respond to various IR ranges
(700nm~ 1,500nm)
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Reading Camera IR Response
Curves Find the Wavelength(s) that the IR illuminator willproduce
Camera on right has 33% greater IR response at 850nm
Camera will product a brighter image with same IRilluminator
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Video System Design Best
Practices Make sure users have the live and recorded
image quality they need
Maintain most favorable criteria for yourproject Lowest Reasonable Cost for System
Increase the number of ways you can access your
video information Spend as much as you can afford to
strengthen and secure your network
Do not have one device service too many user
or perform many functions Improve yourSystem Survivability
Model all network-based systems prior tospecification phase
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Conclusions
The Assessment and Survey ProcessThe Assessment and Survey Process
increases awarenessincreases awareness
ThinkThink like a thieflike a thief and ways to defeat theand ways to defeat the
systemsystem
Expect wider ranging environmental conditionsExpect wider ranging environmental conditions
(light, etc.) than seen at survey(light, etc.) than seen at survey
If using wireless technologies, you mustIf using wireless technologies, you must
conduct a separate RF Surveyconduct a separate RF Survey
Limit the Camera Usage to its primary functionLimit the Camera Usage to its primary function Use additional Cameras for simultaneousUse additional Cameras for simultaneous
functions in critical areasfunctions in critical areas
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