10102 8-i
............................................................................ 8.1-1 () ........................................................................................... 8.1-1 () ................................................................................................... 8.1-1
................................................................................ 8.2-1 () ......................................................................................................... 8.2-1 () ................................................................................... 8.2-4 () ......................................................................... 8.2-12 () ..................................................................... 8.2-13 () ......................................................................................................... 8.2-35
........................................................................................ 8.3-1 () ................................................................................................... 8.3-1 () ................................................................................................... 8.3-1
................................................................................ 8.4-1 () ..................................................................................................... 8.4-1 () ....................................................................... 8.4-1
............................................................................ 8.5-1 ................................................................ 8.6-1 ............................................................................ 8.7-1 ............................................................................................................ 8.8-1
10102 8-ii
8.1.1-1 .............................................................................. 8.1-3 8.2.1-1 ...................................................... 8.2-3 8.2.2-1 (Baker, 1996)............................................ 8.2-8 8.2.2-2 Ze..................................................................... 8.2-9 8.2.4-1 ............................................ 8.2-22 8.2.4-2 50........................................................ 8.2-22 8.2.4-3 50....................................... 8.2-23 8.2.4-4 50........................................... 8.2-23 8.2.4-5 50........................................ 8.2-24 8.2.4-6 50 .................................................... 8.2-24 8.2.4-7 ............................................................ 8.2-25 8.2.4-8 150,000............................ 8.2-25 8.2.4-9 150,000....................... 8.2-26 8.2.4-10 150,000................... 8.2-26 8.2.4-11 150,000 10.5 126 .................. 8.2-27 8.2.4-12 150,000 10.5 126...... 8.2-27 8.2.4-13 150,000............................. 8.2-28 8.2.4-14 150,000 6.5m 126m....... 8.2-28 8.2.4-15 150,000 6.5m 126m........... 8.2-29 8.2.4-16 650,000................................. 8.2-29 8.2.4-17 650,000 ................................................. 8.2-30 8.2.4-18 650,000 6.5 124
................................................................................................................8.2-30 8.2.4-19 650,000 6.5 124 8.2-31 8.2.4-20 1~6.......................................................... 8.2-31 8.2.4-21 ........................ 8.2-32 8.2.4-22 ........................................ 8.2-33 8.2.4-23 ........................................ 8.2-33 8.2.4-24 .................................................... 8.2-33
10102 8-iii
8.2.2-1 ........................ 8.2-10 8.2.2-2 ........................................................................................ 8.2-10 8.2.2-3 .................................................................................... 8.2-11 8.2.4-1 50................................................. 8.2-34
10102
8.1-1
()
8.1.1-1
()
1.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
2.
(1)
(2)
10102
8.1-2
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
3.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
10102
8.1-3
8.1.1-1
1.26 2.48
10102
8.2-1
()
151
( 8.2.1-1)
1.
2.
150,000 650,000
6.5
3.
650,000
6
10102
8.2-2
4.
30
10102
8.2-3
8.2.1-1
A B
D
C
A15
B65
C
D5
10102
8.2-4
()
1. FDS
FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator) NIST (National Institute of
Standards and Technology)
(Conservation of Mass)
(Conservation of Species)(Conservation of Momentum)
(Conservation of Energy)
1.
0=+ u
t
2.
( ) lllll mYDuYYt+=+
&
3. :
( ) ++=+
+ fgpuu
tu
4. :
( ) lll
lr YDhTkqDtDphuh
t++=+
10102
8.2-5
FDS(Large Eddy SimulationLES)
2. ALOHA
ALOHA (Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres)
NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
EPA(Environmental Protection Agency)
1000 ALOHA
ALOHA
A.
ALOHA
ALOHA ( 10
2 1)
B.
ALOHA
C.
D.
3. Baker-Strehlow method
Baker-Strehlow methodBaker
Strehlow TNO multi-energyBaker
8.2.2-1
10102
8.2-6
8.2.2-1 (material reactivity classification)
TNO(Zeeuwen and Wiekema,1978)
8.2.2-2
point symmetry(3D)
point symmetry planer symmetry (2D)
line symmetry
(1D)
8.2.2-3
10%(Low)
10% 40%(Medium)
40%
(High)
8.2.2-1 MW
(flame velocity)(Mach numbers)
Baker-Strehlow method
(overpressure)
3/10 )(EPrRn =
Rn r(m) P0 E
10102
8.2-7
4. TNT
TNT
TNT Ze 8.2.2-2
R TNT
1. TNT ( )4686( / )
ETNT kgkJ kg
=
E(kJ)
2. 3/1WRZe =
R(m)
W(kg)
5. FLACS
FLACS GexConCMR / CMI 1980
3DFLACS
A.
B. FLACS
C. FLACS
10102
8.2-8
8.2.2-1 (Baker, 1996)
10102
8.2-9
8.2.2-2 Ze
10102
8.2-10
8.2.2-1
1-D
5.2 5.2 5.2 2.265 1.765 1.029 2.265 1.029 0.2942
2-D
1.765 1.029 0.588 1.235 0.662 0.118 0.662 0.471 0.079
3-D
0.588 0.153 0.071 0.206 0.1 0.037 0.147 0.1 0.037
8.2.2-2
point symmetry 3-D
planer symmetry 2-D
line symmetry 1-D
10102
8.2-11
8.2.2-3
10%
10% 40%
40%
10102
8.2-12
()
ALOHA
FDS
FDS
ALOHA
FDS
ALOHA FDS TNT
1. ()
(1) FDS
(2) FDS
(3) ALOHA
2. ()
(1) FDS
(2) FDS
3. ()
(1) TNT
4. ()
(1) TNT
10102
8.2-13
3 20.1892706 18.930.01
m mm
=
()
1.
50(
50 50
)
FDS
ALOHA
FDSALOHA
(1)
A. FDS
50
FDS
50 50 =189.2706
=0.1892706m3 0.01
A=18.93 m2 43,200( / )H kJ kg =
20.039( / )m kg m s =&
2 20.7 43,200( ) 0.039( ) 18.93( ) 22,325HRR H m A
kJ kg kg m s m kW =
= =
&
10102
8.2-14
155.2 2100.73827
M kg sm kg s
= =&
50
50
3820kg/m 3 30.1892706 820 / 155.2m kg m kg =
2 20.039( / ) 18.93( ) 0.73827( / )m m A kg m s m kg s= = =& &
50
210 210 FDS
Zalosh
1190-1600 F (917-1327 )
1 0.25
5 4
1 m1.5 m2 m3
m4 m5 m 6 m 8.2.4-1
(2)
50 8.2.4-2 FDS
50 1082
1 82 kW/m2 ( 8.2.4-3
8.2.4-4) 8.2.4-5
10102
8.2-15
2.
(1) ALOHA
50
1.5 m/s
F
28
(2)
33 4 (
)
1.5
1 0--1
P PVE
=
-6 1032
- - 1(1.39 10 ) ( ) ln( )0 g
Plb mole TNT PW V R Tft BTU P P
=
ln( ) - (1- )EgE
PPE R TP P
=
(E)
( )4686( / )
ETNT kgkJ kg
= TNT
TNT 3/1WRZe = Ze
8.2.2-2
TNT
3/1WRZe =
10102
8.2-16
(3)
ALOHA 8.2.4-1
8.2.4-6 8.2.4-1 8.2.4-6 50
ALOHA
1~10
22 psi 50
2.
2 150,000 650,000
8.2.1-1 A B
FDS
(1) 150,000
8.2.1-1 A 150,000
6.5 126 FDS
A. 287 m2
150,000
287 m2
10102
8.2-17
2 20.7 44,600( ) 0.1( ) 287( ) 896, 014
HRR H m A
kJ kg kg m s m kW
=
= =
&
B.
A=287 m2 44,600( / )H kJ kg =
20.1( / )m kg m s =&
C.
10 1m
1.5m2m3m4m5m 6m 8.2.4-7
150,000
8.2.4-8 8.2.4-12
8.2.4-11 8.2.4-12 150,000
10.5 40 126
10.5
58 kW/m2126
2.05 kW/m2
10
1 m1.5 m2 m3 m4 m5 m 6 m 8.2.4-13
8.2.4-14
8.2.4-15 150,000 126
6.5
70 kW/m2
(6.5 )
10102
8.2-18
(2) 650,000
8.2.1-1 B 6.5
124 FDS
A. 132.73 m2
132.73 m2
B.
A=132.73 m2 44,600( / )H kJ kg =
20.1( / )m kg m s =&
2 20.7 44,600( ) 0.1( ) 132.73( ) 414,383HRR H m A
kJ kg kg m s m kW =
= =
&
C.
10
1 m1.5 m2 m3 m4 m5 m 6m
8.2.4-16 8.2.4-17
8.2.4-18 8.2.4-19 124
6.5 58 kW/m2
(6.5
)
10102
8.2-19
3.
8.2.1-1 C
6.6 kV/110-220V25 kVA 3.79 A
TNT
4.0 A( 3.79A)
0.1
()=() ()
( ) ( ) ( )P W I A E V= .( 1)
( ) 6600( ) 4.0( ) 26400( ) 26.4( / )P W V A W kJ s= = = ..( 2)
0.1
26.4( / ) 0.1( ) 2.64( )kJ s s kJ = ( 3)
TNT
2.64( )( ) 0.000563( )4686( / ) 4686( / )
E kJTNT kg kgkJ kg kJ kg
= = = ( 4)
4
0.000563kg TNT 0.000563 kg TNT
10102
8.2-20
3/1W
RZe = Ze
( 8.2.2-2)
6 1~6 8.2.4-20
8.2.4-20
22 psi
4.
30
10 8.2.1-1
4.16 kV4.0 MW360 Hz1200 rpm
0.8 PF 42,644 A
TNT
0.1
1
( ) 4160( ) 42644( ) 177399040( ) 177399.04( / )P W V A W kJ s= = = ( 5)
0.1
177399.04( / ) 0.1( ) 17739.904( )kJ s s kJ = .( 6)
TNT
17739.904( )( ) 3.78( )4686( / ) 4686( / )
E kJTNT kg kgkJ kg kJ kg
= = = ..( 7)
10102
8.2-21
7
3.78 kg TNT 3.78 kg TNT
3/1WRZe = Ze(
8.2.2-2)
30 10 30
8.2.4-21 8.2.4-21
30 22
psi
(
8.2.4-22 8.2.4-24)
10102
8.2-22
8.2.4-1
8.2.4-2 50
10102
8.2-23
8.2.4-3 50
8.2.4-4 50
10102
8.2-24
8.2.4-5 50
8.2.4-6 50
10102
8.2-25
8.2.4-7
8.2.4-8 150,000
10102
8.2-26
8.2.4-9 150,000
8.2.4-10 150,000
10102
8.2-27
8.2.4-11 150,000 10.5 126
8.2.4-12 150,000 10.5 126
10102
8.2-28
8.2.4-13 150,000
8.2.4-14 150,000 6.5m 126m
10102
8.2-29
8.2.4-15 150,000 6.5m 126m
8.2.4-16 650,000
10102
8.2-30
8.2.4-17 650,000
8.2.4-18 650,000 6.5 124
10102
8.2-31
8.2.4-19 650,000 6.5 124
8.2.4-20 1~6
10102
8.2-32
8.2.4-21
10102
8.2-33
8.2.4-22
8.2.4-23
8.2.4-24
10102
8.2-34
8.2.4-1 50
ALOHA(psi) (psi) (m)
1 6.35 2.15 5.8 2.465 14.5
2 6.35 1.62 1.88 1.01 3.698
3 5.91 1.29 1.16 0.681 2.03
4 3.37 1.07 0.87 0.406 1.45
5 2.28 0.91 0.58 0.305 1.08
6 1.7 0.789 0.45 0.254 0.87
7 1.34 0.695 0.42 0.22 0.652
8 1.11 0.62 0.35 0.189 0.58
9 0.936 0.559 0.29 0.16 0.507
10 0.809 0.508 0.276 0.13 0.435
10102
8.2-35
()
FDS
ALOHA TNT
(50)
FDS
1 82 kW/m2
50 ALOHA
1~10
22 psi 50
150,000 650,000
126 124
6.5 FDS
150,000 126
20 0 kW/m2
6.5
70 kW/m2
(6.5)
10102
8.2-36
650,000 124
20 0 kW/m2
6.5
58 kW/m2
(6.5)
6
6.6 kV/110 -220V25 kVA
3.79 A
TNT
1 6 1 6
1.16 psi 0.13 psi 22 psi 6
30
4.16
kV4.0 MW360 Hz1200 rpm0.8PF 42,644 A
TNT
TNT
5 30 9.43 psi 0.71 psi 22
psi
10102
8.3-1
()
(
()
1.
790()
2.
107
3.
(1) 617.5.4.1
(2) 617.5.4.2 18
(3) 617.5.4.3
(4) 617.5.5.1
4.
1 1/2 371
2 1/2 131
10102
8.3-2
5.
ABA 19,508B
23,858 43,366 78 7.5 kg/cm2
10102
8.4-1
()
CCTV
()
1. /
(1) 24 6
(2) 48
2.
(1) 10,000 L
(2) 120 L 2,000 L
(3)
(4)
(5)
10102
8.5-1
96 10 1
--
--
--
--
--
10102
8.6-1
10102
8.7-1
1.
2.
3.
(1) 1425 3
(2) 7914
4.
10102
8.8-1
1. 151
2. 790()
3. 107
4. 617.5.4.1
5. 617.5.4.2 18
6. 617.5.4.3
7. 617.5.5.1
8. 1425
9. 791
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