Page 9
A DETAILED GUIDE TO CAE
PA P E R 1 R E A D I N G
General Description
Paper Format
The paper contains four parts. Each part contains a text andcorresponding comprehension tasks. A text may consist ofseveral short pieces.
Number of Questions
Approximately 45.
Length of Texts
3,000 words approximately overall; 450 – 1,200 wordsapproximately per text.
Text Types
From the following: newspapers, magazines, journals, non-literary books, leaflets, brochures, etc.
From the following: informational, descriptive, narrative,persuasive, opinion/comment, advice/instructional,imaginative/journalistic.
Task Types
Multiple matching, multiple choice, gapped text.
Task Focus
Understanding gist, main points, detail, text structure orspecific information, deducing meaning or recognisingopinion/attitude.
Answering
For all parts of this paper, candidates indicate their answersby shading the correct lozenges on an answer sheet.
Timing
1 hour 15 minutes.
Marks
One mark is given for each correct answer to the multiple-matching tasks; two marks are given for each correct answerto the multiple-choice and gapped-text tasks.
Part
1
2
3
4
Task Typeand Focus
Multiple matchingMain focus: specificinformation
Gapped textMain focus: text structure
Multiple choiceMain focus: detail, gist,opinion/attitude
Multiple matchingMain focus: specificinformation
12–18
6 or 7
5–7
12–22
A text preceded by multiple-matching questions. Candidates must match a prompt from one list to aprompt in another list, or match prompts to sections inthe text.
A text followed by four-option multiple-choicequestions.
A text from which paragraphs have been removed andplaced in jumbled order after the text. Candidates mustdecide from where in the text the paragraphs have beenremoved.
As Part 1.
Number ofQuestions
Task Format
Page 10
Students should practise skimming and scanning texts,looking for sections of the text which are close in meaning tothe wording of the questions. They should be discouragedfrom selecting an answer solely on the basis of lexicalproximity, however, since careful reading of a particular partof the text is required to ensure an accurate match in termsof meaning. Candidates need practice in doing multiple-matching tasks within a certain time-limit and withoutrecourse to a dictionary.
Part 2, the gapped-text task, tests understanding of how textsare structured and the ability to predict text development.The task requires candidates to select from a number ofchoices the paragraphs which fit the gaps in a text; only oneanswer is correct in each case. The task consists of a single-page gapped text followed by the extracts from the text andone extra paragraph which does not fit in any of the gaps.Candidates should be trained to read the gapped text first inorder to gain an overall idea of the structure and themeaning of the text, and to notice carefully the informationand ideas before and after each gap as well as throughoutthe whole of the gapped text. The way in which a text hasbeen gapped may require the reader to consider largesections of the text, including more than one gap, in order toreconstitute a particular part of the text. Candidates shouldbe trained to consider the development of the text as awhole, and not to focus on each gap separately. Sometimescandidates will need to choose carefully between twoextracts as possible answers and will need practice inmaking decisions about which is the most logical extract tofill the particular gap. Practice is needed in a wide range oflinguistic devices which mark the logical and cohesivedevelopment of a text, e.g. words and phrases indicatingtime, cause and effect, contrasting arguments, pronouns,repetition, use of verb tenses.
Candidates should beware of approaching the gapped-texttask as an exercise requiring them merely to identify extractsfrom the text and sections in the text containing the samewords, including names and dates; the task is designed totest understanding of the development of ideas, opinions,events rather than the superficial recognition of individualwords.
Part 3, the multiple-choice task, tests detailed understandingof a text, including opinions and attitudes expressed in it.Candidates need to read the text closely in order todistinguish between, for example, apparently similarviewpoints, outcomes, reasons. The task consists of a single-page text followed by a number of questions; the questionsare presented in the same order as the information in the textso that candidates can follow the development of the text.The final question may depend on interpretation of the textas a whole, e.g. the writer’s purpose, attitude or opinion.Candidates should read each question very carefully, as wellas the four possible answers. The questions can be answeredcorrectly only by close reference to the text.
P R E PA R I N G F O R PA P E R 1
Introduction
The Reading paper consists of four parts, tested by means ofdifferent types of task. The range of texts and task typeswhich appear on the Reading paper is intended to encouragefamiliarity with texts from a range of sources, written fordifferent purposes and presented in different formats. TheReading paper aims to test skills which reflect the real-worldneeds of learners/users of English at an advanced level, i.e.the ability to process large quantities of text in real time.
The variety of sources used for texts on the Reading paper isreflected in the contents of coursebooks and skills booksavailable for CAE students. Students should also beencouraged to read widely outside the classroom, for theirown needs and interests.
Task Focus and Format
The task formats included on the Reading paper indicate themain purposes for reading.
Part 1 of the paper, the first multiple-matching task, tests theability to locate particular information, including opinion orattitude, by skimming and scanning a text. The task consistsof one or two sets of questions followed by a single page oftext; the text may be continuous, or consist of a group ofshort texts or of a text divided into sections. Candidates arerequired to match the questions with the relevantinformation from the text. Some of the options will becorrect for more than one question, and there may be morethan one correct answer to some questions; if so, theinstructions to candidates will indicate this. The range ofpossible answers may be presented in the form of a list of,for example, names of people or places, titles of books orfilms or types of occupation. The questions for the multiple-matching task are printed before the text so that thecandidate knows what to look for in the text. Where the textis made up of several sections or shorter texts, it can behelpful to skim the whole text before scanning it for thespecific information required. Candidates should notice theparticular wording of questions since these are intended tolead the reader to specific information and to disregardirrelevant information. Candidates should practise scanningtexts for particular information required and not feel thatthey must read every word in the text.
In preparing for Part 1 of the CAE Reading paper, candidatesshould practise reading the instructions carefully andnoticing the information provided in the instructionsregarding the type of text, its content and the precise natureof the multiple-matching task. It can be helpful for studentsto underline key words in the questions as this helps whentrying to find the information in the text which provides theanswers.
Page 11
Candidates should be encouraged to read the text beforereading the multiple-choice questions.
Preparation for the multiple-choice task should includepractice in reading a text quickly for a first overallimpression, followed by close reading of the text in order toprevent any misunderstandings which may lead candidatesto choose an answer subsequently proved wrong.
Part 4 of the Reading paper complements Part 1; both aremultiple-matching tasks, testing candidates’ ability to locatespecific information in a text. The task usually requirescandidates to scan a two-page text; this may be continuousor made up of a group of shorter texts or sections of text. Theadvice on preparation for Part 1 also applies to Part 4; in addition, candidates should be reminded to foldout the second page of the text so that all the information isavailable to them simultaneously.
When preparing for the examination, it is helpful forcandidates to spend time going through past papers. TheReading paper has a standard structure and format so thatcandidates will know, in general terms, what to expect ineach part of the paper. The number of questions within atask may vary for different Reading tests.
It is important to familiarise candidates with the instructionson the front page of the question paper, and for each part ofthe test; candidates should also be familiar with thetechnique of indicating their answers on the separate answersheet so that they can do this quickly and accurately. Somecandidates prefer to transfer their answers at the end of eachtask rather than wait until the end of the examination, incase they do not finish the paper.
Page 12
Ihave
th
is
prob
lem
w
ith
guid
e bo
oks.
I
read
to
om
any
hurr
iedl
y (u
sual
ly o
na
plan
e)
and
then
fo
rget
them
and
my
debt
to
them
.W
hen
I’m
tra
vell
ing,
I s
oon
lear
nw
hich
to
reac
h fo
r fi
rst
(per
haps
the
safe
st
indi
cato
r of
w
hich
is
best
). B
ut a
few
cou
ntri
es l
ater
Iha
ve f
orgo
tten
perh
aps
not w
hich
Ich
ose,
but
alm
ost
cert
ainl
y w
hy.
Goo
d on
es a
re t
he k
ick-
star
t fo
rth
e ex
peri
ence
, ra
ther
th
an
the
expe
rien
ce it
self
.S
o, d
raw
ing
up a
sho
rtli
st o
fth
e be
st g
uide
boo
k se
ries
see
med
a to
uch
high
-han
ded
– es
peci
ally
whe
n yo
u ad
d th
e va
gari
es o
f th
ese
ries
to
the
equa
tion
, fo
r ev
enth
e be
st
prod
uces
it
s sh
are
ofho
pele
ss v
olum
es.
Wha
t tur
ned
it in
to th
e co
nfid
ent
wor
k of
min
utes
rat
her
than
day
sof
ago
nisi
ng w
as a
sim
ple
and,
once
I h
ad t
houg
ht o
f it
, ob
viou
ste
st.
All
tha
t w
as n
eces
sary
was
to
imag
ine
I w
as
goin
g so
me-
whe
reI
knew
abs
olut
ely
noth
ing
abou
t an
d as
k m
ysel
f w
hat
guid
ebo
oks
I w
ould
loo
k at
fir
st.
The
effi
cacy
of
th
is
ploy
w
as
such
that
, w
hen
I as
ked
a fe
w o
ther
peop
le t
o do
the
sam
e, i
t ca
me
asno
sur
pris
e to
fin
d th
at w
e w
ere
in a
lmos
t tot
al a
gree
men
t.T
he f
irst
tw
o w
ere
the
easi
est.
Wit
hout
an
y qu
esti
on
my
firs
tst
op w
ould
be
the
Lon
ely
Pla
net
and
the
Rou
gh G
uide
seri
es.
Ico
uldn
’t,
and
wou
ldn’
t, ch
oose
betw
een
them
in
adva
nce.
The
reis
mor
e be
twee
n ti
tles
wit
hin
the
seri
es t
han
ther
e is
bet
wee
n th
ese
ries
th
emse
lves
. If
bo
thco
vere
d m
y de
stin
atio
ns (
as t
hey
usua
lly
do),
I w
ould
wan
t th
embo
th in
my
hand
lugg
age.
Bot
h ar
e pr
acti
cal
and
tell
you
the
thin
gs
you
real
ly
wan
t to
know
(s
uch
as
whe
re
to
get
ago
od c
heap
mea
l, an
d th
e bu
s to
your
ne
xt
dest
inat
ion)
. B
oth
star
ted
with
the
youn
g ba
ckpa
cker
in
min
d,
and
both
ar
e no
wbr
oade
ning
thei
r ta
rget
rea
ders
hip
to i
nclu
de t
he m
ore
affl
uent
30-
plus
rea
der.
The
R
ough
G
uide
s,
perh
aps
the
mor
e ev
en o
f th
e tw
o se
ries
,te
nd to
be
stro
nger
on
Eur
ope
and
the
cultu
ral
back
grou
nd,
and
the
mor
e ob
sess
ed w
ith
wha
t is
now
term
ed p
olit
ical
cor
rect
ness
(ye
tth
ey r
arel
y ha
ve a
nyth
ing
to d
ow
ith
poli
tics
).
The
L
onel
y P
lane
tsar
eus
uall
y st
rong
er e
ast o
f S
uez,
and
capt
ure
the
shee
r jo
y of
trav
elli
ngso
mew
hat
bett
er.
Nei
ther
obj
ects
to
the
gene
rali
sati
on
that
th
eR
ough
G
uide
sar
e tr
avel
s by
wri
ters
, w
here
as t
heir
Aus
tral
ian
riva
ls a
re w
ritt
en b
y tr
avel
lers
.T
o co
mpl
ain,
as
cr
itic
soc
casi
onal
ly
have
, th
at
thes
egu
ides
are
gui
lty
of a
ttra
ctin
g to
om
any
peop
le t
o un
spoi
led
spot
s,is
to
mis
s th
e po
int.
It p
rove
s th
atbo
th s
erie
s ar
e go
od g
uide
boo
ks.
The
Rou
gh
Gui
deem
pire
emer
ged
from
unp
rom
isin
g be
-gi
nnin
gs.
The
ve
ry
firs
t on
e,w
ritt
en
10
year
s ag
o,
was
th
ebo
ok o
n G
reec
e it
s yo
ung
auth
ors
wan
ted,
but
cou
ldn’
t fi
nd.
It h
adm
any
defe
cts
not
wor
th d
wel
ling
on
now
(t
he
curr
ent
edit
ion
isex
cell
ent)
, but
for
sim
ilar
rea
sons
I w
as s
low
to a
ppre
ciat
e th
e va
lue
of t
he C
adog
anse
ries
. It
s G
reek
volu
me,
by
it
s m
ost
prol
ific
auth
or,
is w
idel
y ad
mir
ed.
But
Iha
ve
rare
ly
foun
d it
w
orth
cons
ulti
ng.
It w
as n
ot u
ntil
a r
ecen
t tr
awl
of C
arib
bean
isl
ands
tha
t I
foun
dth
e C
adog
an v
olum
e w
as t
he o
neI
was
rea
chin
g fo
r fi
rst.
It w
as th
eon
e w
hich
re
ally
ca
ptur
ed
the
‘fee
l’of
the
isl
ands
. It
als
o ha
dre
liab
le r
ecom
men
dati
ons.
Fur
ther
inv
esti
gati
on r
evea
led
the
seri
es to
be
the
best
-wri
tten
of
all,
wit
h a
reco
rd o
f br
ingi
ng o
npr
omis
ing
youn
g w
rite
rs,
as w
ell
as
capt
urin
g su
ch
esta
blis
hed
star
s as
M
icha
el
Haa
g,
who
seE
gypt
it
ha
s ju
st
publ
ishe
d.P
ragu
e, N
ew Y
ork,
Por
tuga
lan
dM
oroc
co
are
part
icul
arly
go
odti
tles
.T
he
best
bo
ok
for
ade
stin
atio
n de
pend
s on
th
ede
stin
atio
n an
d yo
u, a
s w
ell a
s on
the
book
its
elf.
For
ins
tanc
e, t
heC
arib
bean
Is
land
s H
andb
ook
from
th
e do
urly
na
med
T
rade
and
Tra
vel P
ubli
cati
ons
had
also
acco
mpa
nied
m
e ar
ound
th
eC
arib
bean
. T
his
com
es f
rom
the
sam
e st
able
as
th
e So
uth
Am
eric
an H
andb
ook,
now
in
its
70th
edi
tion
, an
d w
idel
y he
ld t
obe
the
gre
ates
t gu
ide
book
of
all
tim
e.
For
erud
ition
and
enc
yclo
pedi
csc
ope,
th
e So
uth
Am
eric
anvo
lum
e is
w
itho
ut
equa
l. B
ut,
thou
gh n
ot w
itho
ut a
cer
tain
wry
hum
our
(and
on
oc
casi
ons
a ba
rely
su
ppre
ssed
jo
y at
unea
rthi
ng
arca
ne
info
rmat
ion)
,on
e w
ishe
s it
wou
ld a
llow
its
elf
to
be
outr
ageo
usly
su
bjec
tive
once
in
a w
hile
. T
his
prob
ably
expl
ains
w
hy
it
was
ra
rely
th
efi
rst
I re
ache
d fo
r. T
he C
arib
bean
is
a pl
ace
for
colo
ur
and
gut
reac
tion
s,
rath
er
than
de
adpa
nas
sess
men
t.T
he M
iche
lin
gree
n gu
ides
are
good
va
lue
and
man
age
the
bala
ncin
g ac
t be
twee
n op
inio
nan
d so
lid
info
rmat
ion
to
per-
fect
ion.
M
iche
lin’
s st
ar
syst
em(f
rom
th
ree
for
‘wor
th
the
jour
ney’
do
wnw
ards
) te
lls
the
new
com
er
to
a re
gion
ex
actl
yw
hat
and
whe
re i
ts p
rior
itie
s ar
e,an
d is
the
bes
t ai
d to
pla
nnin
g an
itin
erar
y fr
om
scra
tch
that
I
know
. T
here
is
no
thin
g on
rest
aura
nts
and
hote
ls,
of c
ours
e,an
d th
e re
d gu
ides
wit
h w
hich
the
gree
n m
esh
inge
niou
sly,
tho
ugh
exce
llen
t w
orks
of
refe
renc
e in
thei
r w
ay,
do
not
enti
rely
fi
ll
the
gap.
M
iche
lin
is
no
good
on
atm
osph
ere
– or
pe
ople
.P
erso
nall
y, t
hey
inte
rest
me
mor
eth
an b
uild
ings
and
mus
eum
s.T
he
futu
re
alm
ost
cert
ainl
yli
es
wit
h m
ore
grap
hica
lly
adve
ntur
ous
guid
es.
Am
ong
thos
e w
arra
ntin
g ho
nour
able
men
tion
are
the
Acc
ess
seri
es o
nA
mer
ican
an
d E
urop
ean
citi
es,
wit
h it
s us
er-f
rien
dly
layo
ut,
and
the
stun
ning
art
wor
k of
the
new
,an
d fe
w,
Eve
rym
angu
ides
,w
hich
are
lit
eral
ly a
joy
to
hold
.In
this
vid
eo a
ge, i
t wil
l no
long
erbe
eno
ugh
to t
ell
peop
le h
ow t
ous
e th
e bu
ses.
You
nee
d to
sho
wth
em th
e ti
cket
mac
hine
s, to
o .
0150
/1/S
96
3
Trav
el C
om
pan
ion
s
Mar
k O
ttaw
ay lo
oks
at th
e be
sttr
avel
gui
de b
ooks
ava
ilabl
e
[Tu
rn o
ver
PA P E R 1 R E A D I N G S A M P L E PA P E R
2
Par
t 1
Not
e:
Indi
cate
you
r an
swer
s o
n t
he
sep
arat
e an
swer
sh
eet.
Page 13
AH
e ac
tual
ly s
tart
ed t
oyin
g w
ith t
he t
eam
and
tryi
ng t
o ga
in a
ttent
ion.
H
e w
ould
inc
reas
ehi
s he
art
rate
and
sho
w d
istr
ess
so a
tea
mm
embe
r ha
d to
qui
ckly
sui
t up
to
chec
k hi
mov
er.
But
as
the
pers
on e
nter
ed t
he p
ool,
his
hear
t rat
e re
turn
ed to
nor
mal
.
BIt
is l
arge
but
has
onl
y a
smal
l op
enin
g so
,on
ce in
, ge
tting
out
isn'
t ea
sy.
The
boa
ts a
tth
e ev
ent
wou
ld h
ave
pani
cked
the
cre
atur
ean
d it
ende
d up
be
ache
d,
batte
red
and
drai
ned
of e
nerg
y.
CT
he
stor
y ac
tual
ly
appe
ared
in
se
vera
lna
tiona
l ne
wsp
aper
s as
wel
l as
the
loc
alpr
ess.
Pub
licity
is
ve
ry
impo
rtan
t fo
rch
ariti
es
like
the
Mar
ine
Life
R
escu
e,pr
ovid
ing
prec
ious
exp
osur
e w
hich
ple
ases
the
spon
sor
com
pani
es a
nd h
ighl
ight
s th
ete
am's
wor
k.
DLu
ck t
hen
seem
ed t
o be
on
the
team
's s
ide
whe
n a
doub
le-g
lazi
ng v
an-d
river
sto
pped
to
inve
stig
ate.
T
he d
river
offe
red
his
serv
ices
to t
rans
port
the
dol
phin
bac
k to
the
Sea
Life
Cen
tre
and
a la
dy s
pect
ator
gav
e th
e te
am a
bran
d ne
w
cool
er
box
to
stor
e va
luab
lew
ater
to k
eep
the
dolp
hin
moi
st.
EH
owev
er,
by
the
time
they
ar
rived
, th
edo
lphi
n ha
d st
arte
d to
sw
im u
nsup
port
ed.
The
pr
ess
pick
ed
up
on
the
stor
y an
dde
scen
ded
on t
he S
ea L
ife C
entr
e w
antin
gst
orie
s, p
ictu
res
and
any
info
rmat
ion
they
coul
d ge
t hol
d of
. A
nd th
ey w
ante
d a
nam
e.M
ark
and
the
othe
r te
am
mem
bers
had
aha
sty
thin
k an
d ca
me
up w
ith 'M
uddy
' – a
fter
all,
it w
as fo
und
at M
udef
ord.
FN
ow t
he b
attle
to
save
its
life
cou
ld b
egin
,bu
t a tr
ansp
orta
tion
prob
lem
aro
se.
How
do
you
get a
gro
wn
dolp
hin
back
to th
e S
ea L
ifeC
entr
e w
ithou
t a v
ehic
le b
ig e
noug
h?
GT
he
crea
ture
w
as
so
wea
kene
d by
th
eor
deal
that
it c
ould
not
eve
n ke
ep it
self
aflo
atan
d ha
d to
be
wal
ked
in t
he t
ank
to s
top
itfr
om
just
si
nkin
g to
th
e bo
ttom
an
ddr
owni
ng.
M
ost
peop
le
can
only
w
alk
ado
lphi
n fo
r ar
ound
20
min
utes
to
half
anho
ur.
Hol
ding
a 1
50 k
g an
imal
aw
ay f
rom
your
bod
y an
d w
alki
ng t
hrou
gh w
ater
at
sea
tem
pera
ture
sap
s yo
ur s
tren
gth.
0150
/1 W
96[[TTuurrnn oovveerr
5
RReemmeemmbbeerr ttoo ppuutt yyoouurr aannsswweerrss oonn tthhee sseeppaarraattee aannsswweerr sshheeeett..
4
Par
t 2
For
que
stio
ns 1
8–23
,ch
oose
whi
ch o
f th
e pa
ragr
aphs
A–G
on p
age
5fit
into
the
num
bere
d ga
ps in
the
follo
win
g m
agaz
ine
artic
le.
The
re is
one
ext
ra p
arag
raph
whi
ch d
oes
not
fit in
any
of
the
gaps
. In
dica
teyo
ur a
nsw
ers
on
th
e se
par
ate
answ
er s
hee
t.
[Tu
rn o
ver
Page 14
24W
hy w
ere
ther
e so
met
imes
pro
blem
s be
twee
n M
acki
ntos
h an
d hi
s cl
ient
s?
AM
acki
ntos
h re
sent
ed in
terf
eren
ce fr
om h
is c
lient
s.
BC
lient
s re
fuse
d to
pay
him
in fu
ll fo
r hi
s w
ork.
CM
acki
ntos
h di
d no
t pay
eno
ugh
atte
ntio
n to
det
ail.
DC
lient
s di
d no
t lik
e th
e ch
ange
s M
acki
ntos
h m
ade.
25A
ccor
ding
to th
e w
riter
, Mac
kint
osh
deci
ded
to e
nter
the
com
petit
ion
beca
use
Ano
t man
y dr
awin
gs h
ad to
be
subm
itted
.
Bno
des
igns
wer
e re
quire
d fo
r fu
rnitu
re.
Cth
ere
was
no
need
to w
orry
abo
ut c
ost.
Dhe
had
des
igne
d si
mila
r bu
ildin
gs b
efor
e.
26W
hat w
as s
igni
fican
t abo
ut M
acki
ntos
h's
entr
y fo
r th
e co
mpe
titio
n?
AIt
was
con
side
red
to b
e ah
ead
of it
s tim
e.
BIt
was
bas
ed o
n ar
chite
ctur
e fr
om A
ustr
ia a
nd G
erm
any.
CIt
chan
ged
the
opin
ion
of h
im in
his
ow
n co
untr
y.
DIt
was
the
mos
t attr
activ
e bu
ildin
g he
had
des
igne
d.
27M
acki
ntos
h's
orig
inal
des
igns
for
the
Art
Lov
er's
Hou
se
Ain
clud
ed a
reas
inte
nded
for
com
mer
cial
use
.
Bga
ve fu
ll in
form
atio
n ab
out t
he in
terio
r.
Cco
ncen
trat
ed o
n ex
tern
al fe
atur
es.
Dw
ere
inco
mpl
ete
in c
erta
in r
espe
cts.
28If
Mac
kint
osh
coul
d se
e th
e A
rt L
over
's H
ouse
now
, the
writ
er fe
els
he w
ould
pro
babl
y
Ath
ink
that
it h
ad c
ost t
oo m
uch.
Bw
ish
he h
ad c
ompl
eted
his
des
igns
.
Cth
ink
it w
as a
n im
prov
emen
t on
his
desi
gn.
Dap
prov
e of
Rox
burg
h's
appr
oach
to b
uild
ing
it.
Rem
emb
er t
o p
ut
you
r an
swer
s o
n t
he
sep
arat
e an
swer
sh
eet.
0151
/1 W
96[T
urn
ove
r
76
Par
t 3
shee
t,O
n y
ou
r an
swer
Page 15
Par
t 4
For
que
stio
ns 2
9 –
46,a
nsw
er b
y ch
oosi
ng f
rom
the
list
of
race
s (A
– G
).S
ome
of t
he c
hoic
es m
ay b
e re
quire
d m
ore
than
onc
e.
No
te:
Whe
n m
ore
then
one
ans
wer
is r
equi
red,
the
se m
ay b
e gi
ven
In a
ny
ord
er.
Indi
cate
you
r an
swer
s o
n t
he
sep
arat
e an
swer
sh
eet.
Page 16
CB
OS
TON
MA
RA
TH
ON
Qua
lifyi
ng f
or B
osto
n ha
s be
com
e a
goal
for
runn
ers
ever
ywhe
re.
Arg
uabl
y th
e w
orld
’s m
ost
fam
ous
mar
atho
n (n
ow
over
10
0 ye
ars
old)
,B
osto
n w
as
know
n to
sp
orts
fa
ns
deca
des
befo
re t
here
was
any
suc
h th
ing
as a
run
ning
boom
. W
hile
the
eve
nt h
as b
een
mod
erni
sed
toac
com
mod
ate
the
finan
cial
rea
litie
s of
big
-tim
em
arat
honi
ng,
Bos
ton
reta
ins
man
y of
its
char
ms
and
trad
ition
s fr
om
the
old
days
. O
ne
is
the
Mon
day
noon
st
art
(Pat
riots
D
ay
in
Mas
sach
uset
ts)
at H
opki
nton
's v
illag
e gr
een.
The
Bos
ton
expe
rienc
e in
clud
es H
opki
nton
’scr
owde
d an
d fr
antic
sta
rt,
the
deaf
enin
g ch
eers
from
the
wom
en o
f Wel
lesl
ey C
olle
ge, t
he r
ealit
yte
st o
f th
e N
ewto
n H
ills
(incl
udin
g, a
t 17
mile
s,th
e in
fam
ous
Hea
rtbr
eak
Hill
) an
d a
dow
ntow
nB
osto
n fin
ish
in fr
ont o
f tho
usan
ds o
f spe
ctat
ors.
Run
ners
tak
e ov
er t
he c
ity t
he w
eeke
nd b
efor
e,w
ith e
xhib
ition
s, w
arm
-up
runs
alo
ng th
e C
harle
sR
iver
an
d fa
mou
s-ru
nner
si
ghtin
gs
amon
gth
e le
adin
g ac
tiviti
es.
Mod
erat
ely
dem
andi
ngqu
alify
ing
stan
dard
s lim
it th
e fie
ld to
abo
ut 7
,000
and
add
pres
tige
to th
e ev
ent.
DN
EW
YO
RK
CIT
Y M
AR
AT
HO
N
The
‘b
ig
dadd
y’
of
the
mod
ern
big-
city
meg
amar
atho
n, t
he N
ew Y
ork
trac
es it
s hu
mbl
eor
igin
s to
a f
our-
lap
run
arou
nd C
entr
al P
ark
whi
ch
took
pl
ace
in
1970
, w
ith
55
finis
hers
.W
hen
the
race
wen
t ci
tyw
ide
in 1
976,
the
wor
ldto
ok n
otic
e, a
nd t
he f
ield
has
now
bal
loon
ed t
one
arly
30
,000
. A
pply
ea
rly
for
entr
y –
mor
eru
nner
s ar
e re
ject
ed th
an a
ccep
ted
thro
ugh
New
York
's lo
ttery
sys
tem
.T
he
race
st
arts
at
th
e w
orld
’s
larg
est
susp
ensi
on
brid
ge,
the
Ver
raza
no
Nar
row
s,an
d fin
ishe
s am
ong
falli
ng
autu
mn
leav
es
inst
atel
y C
entr
al P
ark.
The
mea
nder
ing
poin
t-to
-po
int
cour
se (
with
som
e hi
lls)
pass
es t
hrou
ghal
l fiv
e N
ew
York
bo
roug
hs,
givi
ng
runn
ers
a ric
h sa
mpl
ing
of
the
city
's
man
y et
hnic
neig
hbou
rhoo
ds a
nd s
ubcu
lture
s an
d w
eavi
ngth
em t
hrou
gh c
row
ds o
f en
thus
iast
ic s
pect
ator
s.T
he
race
-sup
port
co
vers
ev
ery
imag
inab
leru
nner
nee
d, f
rom
for
eign
-lang
uage
tra
nsla
tion
to p
sych
olog
ical
trau
ma
coun
selli
ng.
AS
WIS
S A
LP
INE
RA
CE
S
Thi
s is
as
beau
tiful
– a
nd to
rtuo
us –
as
it so
unds
:th
e S
wis
s A
lpin
e ra
ces
take
ru
nner
s th
roug
hve
rdan
t up
land
mea
dow
s an
d de
ep w
oods
on
prim
itive
run
ning
tra
ils.
Run
ners
tra
vel
thro
ugh
tunn
els,
ove
r hi
gh w
oode
n br
idge
s, u
p fli
ghts
of
step
s an
d th
roug
h m
ount
ain
villa
ges,
with
onl
yyo
delli
ng s
pect
ator
s to
bre
ak th
e si
lenc
e.Tw
o of
the
thr
ee r
aces
(th
e 28
-kilo
met
reLa
ndw
asse
rlauf
and
the
67-k
ilom
etre
‘mar
atho
n’)
begi
n be
nign
ly e
noug
h on
a s
tadi
um t
rack
in
Dav
os (
at 5
,000
m),
a c
entr
e fo
r hi
gh-a
ltitu
desp
orts
tr
aini
ng
in
Eur
ope.
T
he
mid
-dis
tanc
eS
ertig
lauf
cov
ers
the
last
39
kilo
met
res
of t
hem
arat
hon
cour
se,
prov
idin
g ru
nner
s w
ith
the
chal
leng
e of
cro
ssin
g th
e 3,
000
m S
ertig
Pas
s.F
ound
ed
as
rece
ntly
as
19
86,
the
race
sal
read
y at
trac
t m
ore
than
2,0
00 r
unne
rs f
rom
over
20
coun
trie
s to
the
sout
h-ea
ster
n, G
erm
an-
spea
king
qu
adra
nt
of
Sw
itzer
land
. A
tr
aini
ngca
mp,
hel
d th
e w
eek
befo
re t
he r
ace,
inc
lude
sal
pine
run
ning
and
hik
ing
in t
he m
ount
ains
to
help
run
ners
to a
cclim
atis
e to
the
altit
ude.
BS
TRA
MIL
AN
O 1
5KM
& H
ALF
-MA
RA
THO
N
Italy
’s e
lect
rifyi
ng S
tram
ilano
bre
aks
the
patte
rnfo
r ro
ad r
aces
by
hold
ing
sepa
rate
eve
nts
in fo
urcl
asse
s of
run
ning
. O
n th
e S
atur
day,
tho
usan
dsof
spe
ctat
ors
jam
the
str
eets
at
the
hear
t of
the
city
of
1.7
mill
ion
peop
le t
o w
atch
200
élit
e m
enru
n a
four
-lap
half-
mar
atho
n.
The
ne
xt
day'
sci
tizen
s’15
-kilo
met
re
race
dr
aws
a fie
ld
ofar
ound
50,
000
from
50
coun
trie
s to
trek
from
the
Pia
zza
Duo
mo
(the
squ
are
in f
ront
of
Mila
n's
mas
sive
w
hite
m
arbl
e ca
thed
ral,
whi
ch
date
sfr
om 1
386)
to
Are
na S
tadi
um.
Abo
ut 2
,500
non
-él
ite r
unne
rs o
pt f
or a
hal
f-m
arat
hon
that
beg
ins
and
ends
in
th
e st
adiu
m.
Fin
ally
, th
ere’
s a
6-ki
lom
etre
ju
nior
fu
n ru
n fr
om
the
Pia
zza
Duo
mo
to th
e st
adiu
m.
Fou
nded
in
1972
, S
tram
ilano
is
one
of t
hebe
st d
eals
in
inte
rnat
iona
l ro
ad r
acin
g. F
or t
heeq
uiva
lent
of
£5,
runn
ers
rece
ive
a pr
ogra
mm
e,m
edal
and
T-s
hirt
. U
ntil
rece
ntly
, th
e ra
ce h
asbe
en l
arge
ly u
nkno
wn
outs
ide
Italy
, ev
en t
houg
hM
ilan
has
long
bee
n Ita
ly's
cen
tre fo
r fin
ance
, spo
rtan
d so
me
of th
e gr
eate
st n
orth
ern
Italia
n cu
isin
e.
9
WO
RL
D’S
TO
P D
ISTA
NC
E R
AC
ES
We’
ve s
cou
red
the
glo
be
to fi
nd
the
wo
rld
's b
est d
ista
nce
eve
nts
– a
nd
we’
vefo
un
d t
hem
, 7 r
aces
wh
ich
yo
u s
imp
ly m
ust
run
if y
ou
get
th
e ch
ance
.
0150
/1 S
97
10
ET
HE
MÉ
DO
C A
ND
GR
AV
ES
MA
RA
TH
ON
It m
ay n
ot b
e th
e id
eal r
ace
to s
et a
wor
ld b
est i
n,bu
t if
it’s
fun
and
friv
olity
you
wan
t th
roug
hout
your
42
ki
lom
etre
s,
then
M
édoc
ha
s it
inab
unda
nce.
It
feat
ures
an
extr
aord
inar
y pa
rty
inth
e gr
ound
s of
an
anci
ent
chât
eau,
a r
oute
tha
tcu
ts t
hrou
gh t
he c
lois
tere
d, m
anic
ured
priv
ate
vine
yard
s of
th
e re
gion
, an
d th
e ki
nd
ofho
spita
lity
and
atm
osph
ere
that
no
othe
r ev
ent
can
mat
ch.
Fan
cy d
ress
is
the
orde
r of
the
day
, w
ithw
ide-
eyed
vi
llage
rs
turn
ing
out
to
chee
r on
hord
es
of
runn
ers
as
they
m
ake
thei
r sl
owpr
ogre
ss
from
th
e w
ine
paris
hes
of
Pau
illac
,S
t E
stèp
he,
St
Julie
n an
d M
arga
ux.
Fin
ishe
rsge
t an
op
en-a
ir su
pper
an
d ta
ke
hom
e a
woo
den-
case
d bo
ttle
of c
lare
t, a
pend
ant c
ast a
sa
bunc
h of
gra
pes
and
a kn
apsa
ck t
o ca
rry
the
good
ies
in. U
nder
stan
dabl
y, th
e F
renc
h m
ake
upth
e lio
n’s
shar
e of
the
fie
ld,
but
alth
ough
lar
geto
ur g
roup
s ar
e di
scou
rage
d, s
ingl
e co
mpe
titor
sor
sm
all i
ndep
ende
nt g
roup
s ar
e w
elco
med
with
open
arm
s. A
pply
ear
ly –
it’s
the
mos
t po
pula
rm
arat
hon
in F
ranc
e an
d al
way
s he
avily
ove
r-su
bscr
ibed
. B
ut w
ith a
ll th
at f
or u
nder
a f
iver
, it’
sno
t har
d to
und
erst
and
why
.
FB
OL
DE
R B
OU
LD
ER
Set
in t
he R
ocky
Mou
ntai
n fo
othi
lls a
nd w
ith t
hepr
esen
ce o
f a c
ore
of é
lite
athl
etes
and
a fi
tnes
s-m
ad p
opul
atio
n, o
ne o
f A
mer
ica’
s la
rges
t 10
-ki
lom
etre
rac
es i
s a
natu
ral
outg
row
th o
f th
eB
ould
er C
omm
unity
. Few
citi
es d
o a
bette
r jo
b of
givi
ng 3
0,00
0 ru
nner
s a
mem
orab
le d
ay w
ithou
tlo
sing
th
em
in
the
mas
ses.
S
ome
40
wav
est
arts
, in
whi
ch r
unne
rs a
re g
roup
ed w
ith t
hose
of s
imila
r ab
ility
, en
sure
a s
moo
th,
uncr
owde
dco
urse
. T
he ‘c
itize
n’ d
ivis
ions
beg
in f
irst,
so t
hat
late
r ev
eryb
ody
gets
to
wat
ch s
epar
ate
field
s of
élite
men
and
wom
en s
prin
t to
the
tap
e in
the
51,0
00-s
eat F
olso
m F
ield
sta
dium
.To
tak
e yo
ur m
ind
off
the
grue
lling
nat
ure
ofth
is h
illy,
mile
-hig
h co
urse
, the
re a
re e
nter
tain
ers
perf
orm
ing
alon
g th
e w
ay,
incl
udin
g be
llyda
ncer
s, g
ymna
sts
and
rock
ban
ds.
The
re a
re10
priz
es f
or e
ach
age
grou
p, a
nd a
ll fin
ishe
rsre
ceiv
e a
cert
ifica
te w
ith t
heir
offic
ial
time
and
plac
ing.
T
he
race
ha
s go
ne
from
st
reng
th
tost
reng
th s
ince
197
9, w
hen
loca
l ba
nker
Ste
veB
osle
y an
d O
lym
pic
gold
med
allis
t Fra
nk S
hort
ercr
eate
d th
e ev
ent.
0150
/1 S
97
GL
ON
DO
N M
AR
AT
HO
N
Insp
ired
by C
hris
Bra
sher
’s t
rip t
o N
ew Y
ork
in19
80,
the
race
ha
s no
w
surp
asse
d its
ol
der
Am
eric
an
cous
in
in
num
bers
of
ap
plic
ants
, en
tran
ts a
nd f
inis
hers
. In
199
4, w
ith t
he f
inis
hm
oved
fro
m W
estm
inst
er B
ridge
bac
k do
wn
the
Mal
l to
the
ste
ps o
f B
ucki
ngha
m P
alac
e, t
henu
mbe
r of
fin
ishe
rs r
each
ed a
his
toric
hig
h of
25,0
00.
The
no
w
fam
iliar
fla
t-to
-dow
nhill
co
urse
,st
artin
g at
Gre
enw
ich
Par
k an
d on
Bla
ckhe
ath
Com
mon
and
pas
sing
the
Cut
ty S
ark,
the
Tow
erof
Lon
don
and
the
Hou
ses
of P
arlia
men
t al
ong
the
way
, pa
cks
in
mor
e hi
stor
y th
an
ase
cond
ary-
scho
ol te
xtbo
ok.
Com
petit
ion
for
plac
es i
s in
tens
e, w
ith t
helo
ttery
for
‘ope
n’ s
pots
den
ting
mor
e th
an a
few
Brit
ish
club
run
ners
’ am
bitio
ns.
Not
onl
y is
the
race
the
wor
ld’s
big
gest
in
num
eric
al t
erm
s, i
tal
so r
aise
s th
e m
ost
mon
ey f
or c
harit
y. C
arto
onch
arac
ters
, cha
rgin
g rh
inos
and
Zul
u w
arrio
rs a
llfin
d th
eir
way
ont
o th
e st
art
line,
with
tho
usan
dsof
pou
nds
ridin
g on
thei
r su
cces
sful
fini
sh.
Page 17
PA P E R 1 R E A D I N G A N S W E R K E Y
Part 1
1 D2 B3 E4/5 A/B6/7 F/G8 D9 C10 A11 G12/13 A/B14 E15 C16 E17 C
Part 218 D19 G20 E21 C22 B23 A
Part 3
24 A25 C26 A27 D28 D
Part 4
29 B30 G31 C32 B33 C34 D35 A36 D37 C38/39 D/G40 C41/42 B/E43 C44 A45 D46 F
Questions 1–17 and 29–46 are given one mark each.Questions 18–28 are given two marks each. The total score is adjusted to give a mark out of 40.
PA P E R 1 R E A D I N G A N S W E R S H E E T
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