Building for the By Recycling Industrial Materials
Industrial Materials Recycling
Kimberly Cochran, PhDUS EPA Office of Solid Waste
AGC Building Division MeetingJanuary 26, 2008
Miami, Florida
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Team• Promotes the reduction, reuse, and
recycling of industrial materials– Construction and demolition (C&D)
materials– Coal combustion products (CCPs)– Foundry sands– Tires– Slags– Pulp and paper residuals
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materials?• They
– Can substitute virgin materials AND save energy, time, and money
– Perform as well or better than virgin materials
• Capture valuable materials that would otherwise be lost.
• Recycling/reusing can mean points for green building certification.
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C&D Materials Include …
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C&D Waste
• Wood– Engineered Wood
• Oriented Strand Board (OSW)
• Plywood• Blackboard
– Dimensional Lumber
– Treated Wood
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Markets:
• Boiler Fuel
• Mulch
• Engineered boards
Wood
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Portland Cement
ConcreteMarkets:
– Road Base– Aggregate
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• Heavily Recycled in New Hot Mix Asphalt
Asphalt Concrete
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• Gypsum Drywall
• Markets:
– New Drywall
– Portland Cement Production
– Agriculture
– Construction Material
Components of C&D Materials
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• Roofing Materials
– Asphalt Roofing Shingles
– Asphalt Roofing Felt
• Recycled into new hot mix asphalt.
Components of C&D Materials
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• Metals
– Ferrous
– Nonferrous• Aluminum• Copper
Components of C&D Materials
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• Paper Products
• Cardboard
Components of C&D Materials
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Reuse/Recycling Can Occur Onsite and Offsite
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Four Tier System
• Tier I: Direct Reuse and Recycling
• Tier II: Source Separated Materials
• Tier III: Mixed C&D to Offsite Separation
• Tier IV: Mixed C&D to Landfills
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• Massachusetts ban on disposal before processing
• California requires 50% diversion from landfills
• Various states have grants and education programs
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• Disposal bans– Ban of specific materials from being disposed
• Waste plan requirement– Require all contractors to submit plans on how they
will reduce disposal when applying for a permit
• Deposit system– Fee required when applying for a permit that is
returned when recycling is proven
• Salvage period requirements
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Recycling• Increases in fuel prices
• Green building initiatives
• Efforts to reduce GHG emissions
• General difficulty to site landfills
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Remember:
It is important to reuse/recycle the waste your company generates, but
It is also important to use recyclable materials from other industries in
construction design.
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• Coal fly ash
• Iron/steel slag
• Foundry sand
• Fill
• Structural material
• Masonry material
• Many more…
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Team
• Measure – “What gets tracked gets managed”
• Explore barriers and how to overcome them
• Increase awareness
• Recognize success
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• Will be measuring annually -- need a viable, economically feasible source of data
• Currently looking at data states collect and publish
Amount Generated
(million tons)
Recycling Rate
Buildings 160 40%
Road Surfaces 170 88%
Other sources ? ?
Total ? ?
Preliminary 2003 draft numbers
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Awareness• Construction Initiative
– Encouraging use of industrial materials in building or highway construction projects
• Green Buildings, Highways, and Sustainable Sites– Helping develop criteria– Promoting industrial materials recycling in
green structures/sites– Promoting coordination between
transportation and environmental agencies
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SpecificationsConcrete Specifications
ASTM C 595,"Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements.”
ASTM C 618, "Standard Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete."
ASTM C 150, "Standard Specification for Portland Cement."
ASTM C 311, "Standard Methods of Sampling and Testing Fly Ash and Natural Pozzolans for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Portland Cement Concrete."
AASHTO M 240, "Blended Hydraulic Cements."
ASTM C 989, "Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete Mortars.“
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Awareness• Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forums
• Foundry Sand Forum
• Beneficial Use Summit
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• 2005 Grant to CMRA for Tear-Off Asphalt Shingles Recycling
– Update www.shinglerecycling.org website
– Recycling Asphalt Shingles: Best Practices Guide
– Environmental Issues Associated with Asphalt Shingle Recycling
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• Associated General Contractors of America
• Building Materials Reuse Association
• Construction Materials Recycling Association
• National Association of Home Builders
• National Demolition Association
• Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste Management Officials
• National Association of Counties
• Foundry Sand Recycling Starts Today
• American Coal Ash Association
• Rubber Manufacturers Association
• National Council for Air and Stream Improvement
• National Slag and Slag Cement Association
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• White paper– Demonstrate a support for reduction, reuse,
and recycling
– Reuse and recycling should be performed in a safe manner
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• Measurement tool for contractors
How much did my company
reused/recycled?
How much did my company SAVE?
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• Recognition
– Case Studies
– Others?
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• What obstacles have you encountered?
• What role does each participant play in overcoming the obstacles to industrial materials recycling?– Contractors– Manufacturers – States– EPA
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• What tools and resources do contractors need to
– Reuse/recycle materials
– Use recycled materials
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• Recycling/reusing C&D materials• Using industrial materials• Need:
– Amount and types of materials that were reused/recycled
– Size of project– Amount of money saved (if available)– Obstacles encountered and how they were
overcome
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703-347-8950
www.epa.gov/industrialmaterials
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