PROTECTING ENVIRONMENT OF BUILDINGS HISTORY
End of 19th century – preservation of antiquities deals with historic villages, open-air museums, architectural ensembles. Before only separate objects – architectural monuments - were under protection.
Beginning of the 20th century – J.G. Granö, E.Kant – founders of urban geography in Estonia. Science of urban development as an environmental science.
1960s – H. Üprus – complex research and preservation of old towns 1976 – UNESCO declaration – Not only separate buildings but their
surrounding should preserve as a whole. End of the 20th century – special ambience areas in Tallinn, valuable
landscapes in Estonia 2000 – European Landscape Convention. City areas and ordinary
landscapes are in the focus of attention in addition to natural areas. 2002 – special ambience areas in Estonian Planning Law
SITUATION IN ESTONIA
Rapid changes in today’s Estonia are seen in our life environment
Construction is focused on innovation of the existing building environment without knowing and considering its specific characteristics of urban planning and architecture
OUR CITIES ARE BECOMING IDENTICAL –THEIR ORIGINALITY, AUTHENTICITY AND URBAN PLANNING IDENTITY ARE DISAPPEARING
BUILDING AREAS OF SPECIAL AMBIENCEGOAL
TO PROTECT
THE VALUABLE ENVIRONMENT OF BUILDINGS
AS A CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT IN ITS ENTIRETY
THE ENVIRONMENT OF BUILDINGS, SIMILARLY
TO NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, IS AN UNRENEWABLE ASSET
MEANING OF AMBIENCE
In Latin – ambientem, from amb- ‘around’ and ire ‘go’In French – ambience ‘surroundings, environment, atmosphere’In English – environment, atmosphere
AMBIENCE IS BOTH MATERIAL AS WELL AS PERCEPTIONAL ENVIRONMENT
BUILDING AREA OF SPECIAL AMBIENCE
is connected with the buildings environment and its perception by people
BUILDING AREAS OF SPECIAL AMBIENCE
METHODOLOGY
VALUABLE OBJECTS OF URBAN
DEVELOPMENT
CITY LANDMARKS
VALUABLE BUILDING AREAS OF URBAN
DEVELOPMENT
CITY PATTERNS
According to the Danish SAVE system
BUILDING AREAS OF SPECIAL AMBIENCE
METHODOLOGYVALUABLE OBJECTS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
CITY LANDMARKS
dominant buildings monuments ensembles squares parks places of social activity
Important is their domination in the city view and their significance
for city’s people
BUILDING AREAS OF SPECIAL AMBIENCE
METHODOLOGYVALUABLE BUILDING AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
CITY PATTERNS original city areas preserved as a whole buildings’ blocks, ensembles, streets parks, landscape elements and the like
which have their own structure of plan and space, construction
rules and architecture
BUILDING AREAS OF SPECIAL AMBIENCE CREATE THE
GENERAL LOOK OF THE CITY
BUILDING AREAS OF SPECIAL AMBIENCE
MAIN PRINCIPLES OF CHOICE1. PLAN STRUCTURE PLAN – urban-developmental formation, structure of
city’s plan – its originality, individuality or accordance with the plan, city’s topographical peculiarities
STREETS’ STRUCTURE – character of streets’ course, width, views, accordance with the plan
PLACEMENT OF BUILDINGS – on the lot and in relation to the street
GREENERY AND FENCES – characteristic greenery, its location on the street or the lot, presence of fences, their placement and appearance.
BUILDING AREAS OF SPECIAL AMBIENCE
MAIN PRINCIPLES OF CHOICE2. SPATIAL STRUCTURE
ARCHITECTURE – typical architecture of the area and its originality, scale of buildings, their bulk and rhythm
UNITY AND HOMOGENEITY OF BUILDINGS – compatibility of buildings with each other in the street, block, city area, which does not necessarily mean their similarity
Special ambience areas are chosen so as to show different
construction periods, characteristic of the city.
SUMMARY
BUILDING AREAS OF SPECIAL AMBIENCE
Have certain structure of plan and space, rules and types of construction
Importance of established integrity – plan’s accordance with the spatial structure
Significance of constructions’ unity - compatibility with each other in the street, block, city area, which does not necessarily mean their similarity
PROPOSAL: SPECIAL AMBIENCE AREAS IN KOHTLA-JÄRVE
1.DWELLING HOUSES IN PIONEERI STREET – 1920s
2.DWELLING HOUSES IN KARL LUTSU STREET – 1922-1938
3.IDA DISTRICT – end of 1940s
4.INSENERI DISTRICT – end of 1940s
5.CITY PARK – founded in 1950s
6.CITY CENTRE – 1940-50s
7.LÕUNA DISTRICT 1972-1978
LEGISLATION BASISBUILDING AREAS OF SPECIAL AMBIENCE
GENERAL PLAN
General plan determines
building areas of special ambience and conditions
of their protection and usage
Planning Law § 8 clause (3) point 6
To specify and complement the existing general plan it is possible to draft a THEME PLAN in order to set the protection and usage conditions of special ambience building areas
Similarly to the general plan, the theme plan is made public
EXAMPLES FROM BUILDING REGULATIONS OF KURESSAARE
(1) Building area of special ambience is: an original city
area, block, street, buildings’ensemble, park and the like
with a complete plan and spatial structure of urban
development
(2)The aim of a special ambience building area is:
to preserve the established integrity of the urban
development and its plan and space structure,
architectural and building traditions and original
atmosphere
EXAMPLES FROM BUILDING REGULATIONS OF KURESSAARE
(3) When planning a building area of special ambience, constructing new buildings, doing extentions, repairements or rebuildings of the existing constructions, the following is considered:
1) established structure of urban development – structure of street network and buildings, building-up percentage of the lot, construction customs, location of houses, their building lines, scale of constructions and the like.
2) established architectural and building traditions, typical building materials, cover materials and shape of the roof, design details and finishing of the façade and the like.
3) fences and greenery customs, characteristic of the area and compatible with the buildings
EXAMPLES FROM BUILDING REGULATIONS OF KURESSAARE
(4) Construction and design of buildings, unsuitable for the urban development customs and architecture of special ambience building areas, is prohibited
(5) Avoid putting up temporary buildings as well as constructions, unfitting for building areas of special ambience (street lighting posts, billboards, above-ground elements of technical networks etc.).
Detailed conditions, demands and regulations are set by the THEME PLAN.
BUILDING RULES IN THEME PLAN
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Necessary to coordinate with city administration:
Reconstructions and extensions of houses and changes of façades
Construction of new buildings Taking down primeval trees and planting new ones Building of streetward fences
Appendices: references to legislation acts
A DETAILED PLAN SHOULD BE DRAWN UP BEFORE CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW BUILDING IN A SPECIAL AMBIENCE AREA.
BUILDING RULES IN THEME PLAN
REPAIRS AND BUILDING EXTENSIONS ARE MADE Following original design principles of the buildings Preserving or restoring characteristic details of house design- form of doors and windows, their placement on the façade and wall, division of
their frames, jamb boarding- design of porch canopies- finishing material of walls and the way of its installation- size and design of dormers- roof pitches, its form and eaves’ design
Using natural building materials, similar to the existing ones- repair wooden windows and weather boarding or replace their materials with the
same ones- installation of plastic windows and use of synthetic materials is not allowed in a
wooden house- flat sheet metal is recommended as the roof cover material- paint using natural tones characteristic of the area
Building houses’ extensions so that the bulk of the existing construction would dominate
-build the new constructional part yardward or as a lower extension of the existing building
BUILDING RULES IN THEME PLAN
CONSTRUCTION OF NEW BUILDINGS Analyse the plan structure and draw a detailed plan of the area before
choosing the place for a new building Demolition of existing buildings is allowed only in case of their poor
technical condition Build new constructions on the existing building line New buildings should have (in the floor plan as well as in bulk) the
size and roof shape similar to those of already existing Use traditional materials for outer finishing of new buildings; usage of
imitation materials is not allowed Preserve the established average building-up percentage of the lot Avoid random and unplanned building of auxiliary constructions;
auxiliary buildings and their outer finishing should suit that of the main buildings
Build streetward fences and gates according to the example of the original ones; the streetward fences should have similar height
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