BS THESES
00001 Abaño, A.A. 2001. Production and management of small trees and shrubs at Kalikasan Nursery, San
Antonio, Quezon. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 88 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
The major practice was conducted at Bonifacio Trees and Greens Corporation (BTGC)-owned
Kalikasan Nursery in Barangay Sinturisan, San Antonio, Quezon from December 2000 to February
2001, inclusive. Focus was given to the production and management operations of small trees and
shrubs in the nursery. Plants were mainly propagated by cuttings while some were propagated by
seeds. Fo cuttings, a 3:1 mixture of perlite and coir dust. For potting/repotting/bagging, 2 parts coir
dust and 1 part sand were used. Except tubing up, all operations were carried out daily. Media
preparation was done either manually or with th aid of a Bobcat. Established plants in the nursery
were fertilized every three months using slow-release fertilizer. Methods of application include basal
(for potting/repotting/bagging) and side dressing (for plant maintenance). Trees and shrubs plated in
25-200 liter bags were drip-irrigated while plants in the standout area and shade house were watered
by means of an overhead sprinkler. Cuttings were held under mist during the rooting phase. To
control the pests. plants were sprayed every two weeks. Weeding was performed either by hand, use
of scythe or by spraying with a herbicide whenever necessary. The same is true for pruning and
staking. Pruning was done using shears to rejuvenate the growth of plants while bamboo poles/sticks
were used for staking and support. Kalikasan nursery sells their products either directly or by orders.
Direct selling is used for walk-in clients and the rest send their orders through the main office in
Metro Manila Marketing strategies employed, the print media such as
brochures/pamphlets/newspaper, as well as participation in garden shows/exhibits and use of a
website.
00002 Agawin, C.C. 1994. Physico-chemical changes in waxed pineapple (Ananas comosus c.v. Queen). BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 88 leaves. (unpublished)
The effects of waxing fresh pineapple fruits with different wax formulations under different
storage condition on fruit quality and extension of postharvest life were determined.
00003 Agillon, A.B. 1978. The effect of thiabendazole on the postharvest rotting of ginger (Zingiber officinale
Roscoe). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 42 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
Hawaiian' ginger rhizomes were dipped at different concentrations of thiabendazole (TBZ) from 0
to 2,000 pm before and after curing to determine when and how much of the flowable formulation
of `Tecto' to apply for decay and mold control of ginger and to find out what other effects is would
have on the rhizomes. Dipping the rhizomes in thiabendazole at 500 to 2,000 ppm before curing
significantly reduced percentage mold growth, weight loss and respiration rate. When used after
curing, only 2,000 ppm was effective. Better control of decay and weight loss were obtained when
TBZ was used before curing, resulting in slower respiration rate and better quality after three
months. Sugar, starch and crude fiber contents were unaffected by the treatment.
00004 Agravante, J.A. 1982. The browning disorder of rambutan II: relationship between moisture status
and browning. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 34 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
An experiment aimed to determine the relationship between moisture status and the degree of
browning in rambutan and to develop a technique to indirectly measure moisture loss of excised
tissues was conducted at the ASEAN-Postharvest Horticulture Training and Research Center, UPLB.
The results showed that moisture loss significantly increased with time but was deterred by exposure
to high relative humidity levels (89 percent and 97 percent). It was most rapid in the spinterns where
browning was observed to develop with time and increase in intensity at low relative humidities.
moisture content of the spinterns significantly affects browning. However, a linear relationship
between these two were found to be weak indicating that browning of the spinterns is not only due
to transpiration. Application of PROLONG wax did not prevent moisture loss but instead hastened
browning of excised rambutan spinterns.
00005 Adlus, S.T.T. 2005. Modified atmosphere packaging in zeolite film of ‘carabao’ mango (Mangifera
indica L.) fruits at advance stage of ripeness. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
College, Laguna. 89 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of packing mangoes at advanced stage of
ripeness (more green than yellow peel color) in zeolite-coated film during storage at 5°, 10°, 13°, 25°C
and ambient temperature for varying periods. Carbon dioxide levels increased to 1.8-3.9% while
oxygen levels decreased to non-detectable levels that led to the development of fermented odor and
internal breakdown particularly when held at 13°, 25° and ambient temperature. Ethylene levels
were maintained at 0.01-0.03 ppm inside the films. Ripening of fruits upon removal from the
modified atmosphere (MA) packs proceeded normally. Mangoes from MA packs held at 5° developed
slight chilling injury and had pale peel and pulp color at the ripe stage. Moreover, fruits were
perceived to be more sour and had reduced intensity of the characteristic mango flavour and aroma.
The total soluble solids, titratable acidity and firmness of mangoes at the ripe stage were not
influenced by the treatments. Modified atmosphere packaging in zeolite coated film extended the
storage life of mangoes up to 14 days when held at 5° and 10°C. This resulted in reduced weight loss,
delayed peel color change and prevented shrivelling. The control fruits stored at high temperatures
ripened within 7 to 10 days while those kept at 5° and 10°C had chilling injury.
00006 Alcantara, E.F. 1984. Developmental stages during growth and maturation of `Pico' mango. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 35 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Physical as well as chemical changes that occur during growth and maturation of `Pico' mango
fruits were determined. Analysis was done from 30 days after fruit set to 81 days after 120 days after
flower induction. A continuous increase in length, width breadth, weight and volume was observed.
Significant increase however, was only up to 65 days after fruit set. Chemical analysis showed that
total soluble solids significantly increased up to maturity. Titratable acids was found to increase up to
the 44th day then gradually decreased up to the last sampling date. A surge in the starch content was
observed starting from 65 days after fruit set onwards. Fruits harvested more mature showed faster
rate of color change from green to yellow. Sixty-five days after fruit set or 95 days after flower
induction was associated with maturity and consequently acceptable quality upon ripening, thus
making it the minimum picking age at 72 days from fruit set or 112 days after flower induction.
00007 Alegre, G.E. 2008. Postharvest behavior of hanged tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum L.) fruits with
intact auxin-treated pedicel. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.
64 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The study aimed to extend the shelf-life of tomato by hanging the fruits with intact stem applied
with auxin. Harvested tomato fruits were applied with different levels of auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid)
at the cut portion of the pedicel and then hanged at ambient condition. The concentrations of auxin
were: control (0 ppm), 0.01 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 1.00 ppm and 10.0 ppm. Physico-chemical quality
parameters, namely, peel color, respiration, diseases incidence, visual quality, firmness, number of
days to natural abscission, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), and percent titratable solids (%TA) were
evaluated and monitored. Results showed that auxin had no significant effect on peel color change of
tomato fruits. Except for 0.1 ppm auxin treatment, the respiratory climacteric peaks occurred after
20th
day of storage. At this point, the average peel color was 3.44. In terms of disease incidence,
treatment 5 (10.0 ppm) auxin) was significantly different as well as consistently showing the lowest
disease incidence which commenced on the 20th
day up to the 60th
day. At this concentration of
auxin, disease severity was also significantly and consistently lower relative to the rest of the
treatments. The fruit visual quality rating was highest (7.12) at 10.0 ppm auxin treatment among the
five treatments and fruit was delayed by 7 days to reach VQR 3 (limit of marketability) with respect to
the control. Fruit firmness was significantly different on day 14 and 20 in treatment 5 (10.0 ppm
auxin) relative to the control. Fruits in all treatments did not undergo natural abscission even up to
60 days of storage. The observed fruit drop was caused by diseases. The highest fruit drop was
observed in treatment 2 (0.01 ppm auxin) which started to occur after 20 days of hanging. At
termination (60 days), all treatments exhibited 37% fruit drop primarily due to disease. The pH of
tomato fruit with auxin treated pedicel was significantly lower in treatment 2 (0.01 ppm) auxin on
day 20. The total soluble solids among treatments were not significantly significant. The titratable
acidity, however, on day 14 treatment 5 (10.0 ppm auxin) gave the highest TA value which was
significantly different relative to treatment 2 (0.01 ppm auxin). Based on the number of days to reach
VQR 3 (limit of marketability) this study showed that 10.0 ppm auxin applied at the cut pedicel of
hanged tomato fruit can extend the shelf-life by 7 days relative to the control (0 ppm).
00008 Almeida, A.T. Effect of waxing on the storability of slicing cucumber under ambient temperature. BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 18, [10] leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The effect of different wax preparations and time of application on the percent decay,
respiration rate and chlorophyll degradation of cucumber fruits during storage were studied under
ambient conditions. Prima Fresh, among all the other waxes tested, was found to be the best for
cucumber. Decay, rate of weight loss, and rate of respiration were significantly lower to Prima Fresh
coated fruits compared with other commercial was preparations. However, chlorophyll degradation
seemed to be enhanced by waxing during the later stages of storage. The earlier cucumber fruits
were waxed after harvesting, the longer they last.
00009 Alo, J.C.Y. 1986. The evaluation of various lightweight potting media for growth of foliage plants. BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 56 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Four lightweight materials (rice hull, coconut coir dust, styrofoam and volcanic cinder) and one
organic fertilizer (pig manure) were evaluated singly and in combination with pib manure at 1:1 ratio,
as potting media for two foliage plants, Dieffenbachia sp. `Compacta' and Ficus benjamina. After five
months in culture, plant height, root development and visual quality (with a rating of 1-5, visual
quality rating increasing with numerical score) were monitored and compared. The experimental
results showed that media can significantly affect height and root development of Dieffenbachia and
Picus. The combination of coconut coir dust with pig manure appears to be best media for foliage
plants in terms of plant height, root development and visual quality. These materials were found to
be readily available and inexpensive, light in weight, has good water holding capacity and porosity,
with desirable pH and soluble salt levels, all of which are crucial for foliage plant growth. Generally,
compared with other media used, this combination produced best quality plants in the shortest time
as evaluated from the plants' visual appearance, height and root growth.
00010 Altamarino, A.P. Jr. 1973. Marketing of vegetable under the GMTFM-farmer-cooperative tie-up in
Benguet Province. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 80 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
Fifty-five Filipino cabbage and potato farmers in Benguet Province were interviewed. The
average age was forty-one and the average number of years in farming was fifteen. Fifty-one were
owner operators. Farming was the primary source of income for all respondents. The average farm
size was 3.41 hectares, average area planted to cabbage was 1.73 and 1.49 for potatoes. A relatively
bigger portion of the total land area was un-irrigated. Harvesting, hauling, washing, trimming, grading
and packaging were done by the farmers with the help of the farm laborers. Potatoes were stored for
an average period of 2.5 months. Grading was done only after GMTFM was organized. The GMTFM
introduced the wooden crate as container for a rental fee of P0.50 per crate per use, and which was
reported to be a better container. Before GMTFM, bamboo baskets were used as containers for
cabbage; red baskets for potatoes. The most common method of sale was wholesale and the usual
method of payment was cash on delivery. Choice of market outlets was based on the prices offered
for the commodities. The place of sale was at the farm for most farmers. Two methods of sale
practiced by the GMTFM were consignment sale and direct purchase. Majority of the farmer-
respondents had other market outlets to which they sold the off-grade vegetables which GMTFM did
not absorb. Even with the existence of the GMTFM, the same marketing problem such as low prices
offered lack and inadequacy of transport facilities still existed. Majority believed that cooperative
marketing was one way of solving their marketing problems, with high expectations that the
government could help them. As a whole, fifty-three percent of the farmer-respondents benefited
from their tie-up with the GMTFM.
00011 Alvarez, V.L. 1986. Evaluation of the vase life of different gladiolus cultivars (3 cvs). BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 71 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Gladiolus is one cut flower species that has gained popularity from scientists, florists, and
consumers. This is because of its attractiveness as a cut flower and its high value in the cut flower
industry. It is available in many strains, thus making it interesting for varietal evaluation. This study
compares the postharvest qualities of 3 varieties, determines appropriate handling methods to
maintain their quality, and tries to identify the response to different treatments of locally produced
cut gladioli. Three varieties of gladiolus - 'American pink', 'American white', and 'Red Japanese'- were
obtained from a farm in Baguio. they were placed in 200 ppm Physan 20 during storage. The study is
composed of 3 experiments. In Experiment I, gladiolus spikes were stored for different lengths of
time from 1 to 3 weeks with a separate set of unstored spikes from control. They were observed
under standard ( temperature of 20°C, 40 to 80% RH, and light of about 200 lux ) and ambient two
weeks were found to have the longest vase life of 4.2 days, the best floret display of 6.2 florets during
senescence of the basal floret, and the most number of opened florets ( 7 florets ). Irrespective of
variety and length of storage, spikes evaluated under standard conditions lasted longest, had better
floret display, and the least percentage of accumulated weight loss.Spikes of each variety used in
Experiment II were harvested at two stages of maturity of maturity- the tight bud stage and the stage
when the first two florets are showing color. They were stored for 1 and 2 weeks and were later
evaluated under standard and ambient conditions. Tight bud 'American pink' spikes stored for 2
weeks lasted longest for 6.3 days and had the least amount of weight loss if evaluated under
standard conditions after storage. Florets in tight buds reached maximum diameter more slowly than
those whose first florets were open initially; therefore, they lasted longer especially if observed
under standard environment.Experiment III involves pulsing of spikes also at the tight bud stage and
when first florets were open. This means that spikes were treated with 20% sucrose solution for 12
hours at 20°C before one-week storage. They were again observed under standard and ambient
conditions. Pulsing was found to be highly beneficial especially in prolonging vase life up to nearly 5
days, in opening as many as 8.3 florets per spike, and in minimizing weight loss to only 5.1%.In
general, spikes at the tight bud stage gave better results than spikes whose florets have started to
show color; spikes observed under standard condition performed better than those evaluated under
ambient. 'American pink' spikes responded favorably to 2-week responded with weak stems and
unopened florets. 'Red Japanese' developed the largest florets among the three varieties. Pulsing
spikes before one-week storage was beneficial and highly recommended.
00012 Amante, V. 1983. Degreening of citrus reticulate blanco "ladu" using ethylene and ethephon. BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 56 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
From the experiment on degreening of Citrus reticulata Blanco `Ladu', where different
concentrations of ethylene and ethephon were used, it was found that 2,000 ppm ethephon and
1,000 ppm ethylene caused the fastest degreening rate. Per cent weight loss was highest on fruits
subjected to 2,000 ppm ethephon and 500 ppm ethylene. Titratable acidity decreased in uniform rate
in all experimental fruits. Total soluble solids increased with the control while a decrease was
observed in treated fruits. The second experiment, where 'Ladu' fruits were degreened at various
stages of ripeness, it was ascertained that 2,000 ppm ethephon used at all stages of ripeness gave
better color appearance than 1,000 ppm ethylene. Per cent weight loss was highest to fruits at 26-50
percent ripeness treated with 1,000 ppm ethylene. Tritatable acidity decreased in all experimental
fruits at all stages of ripeness. Total soluble solids of untreated fruits increased while TSS of treated
fruits decreased at all stages of ripeness. Disease development was highest on fruits dipped in 2,000
ppm ethephon while shrivelling was higher on fruits with ethephon and ethylene than the control.
00013 Angeles, M.J.C. 2010. Demand for selected vegetables of supermarkets in Laguna, 2009. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 102 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The study was conducted to analyse the demand for selected vegetables in supermarkets in
Laguna. The study’s specific objectives were: 1) to identify the top-selling vegetables in supermarkets
in Laguna; 2) to determine the volume demanded and quality requirements for selected vegetables
of the supermarkets in Laguna; 3) to determine the sources of vegetables of the supermarkets in
Laguna and their procurement practices; and 4) to identify the problems encountered by
supermarkets in Laguna in procuring vegetables. The sample supermarkets consisted of two
supermarkets from San Pablo City and one each from Calamba City, Sta. Rosa, Los Banos and San
Pedro. The selected vegetables in the study were comprised of five major (cabbage, onion, tomato,
garlic and eggplant) and two priority (potato and lettuce) vegetables as categorized by the Bureau of
Agricultural Statistics. Among these selected vegetables, the study revealed that five out of the seven
selected vegetables namely, cabbage, potato, onion, garlic and tomato were ranked as the top-selling
vegetables of the sample supermarkets. Supermarkets in Laguna were classified as large and small
supermarkets based on the size of its vegetable section. Based on the results, large supermarkets had
higher average weekly volume of demand for each of the selected vegetables than small
supermarkets in all three demand seasons (peak, normal and lean).The estimated total weekly
demand of the supermarkets in the study areas was computed in all three demand seasons. The
study showed that cabbage was the most in demand vegetable for all demand seasons with 3,685,
6,249 and 2.368 kg per week respectively. The results showed that there were significant changes in
the volume of selected vegetables during peak and lean demand seasons. However, the most in
demand vegetable in terms of volume requirement was not the most valued vegetable based on the
total value of selected vegetables in all supermarkets. The quality of vegetables was graded by
supermarkets based on the following criteria: size, color and varieties. The study revealed that
supermarkets have the same size classification but different size range for cabbage and lettuce while
they all have the same size range for potato. For cabbage and lettuce, supermarkets purchased
medium and large sized only. Freshness of vegetables is also associated with color and supermarkets
have slight difference in color preference. The same varieties for each selected vegetables were
purchased by all the supermarkets in the study. The prices paid by the supermarkets for vegetables
were based on size and variety. Most of the supermarkets that paid the highest prices for each
variety of vegetables were large supermarkets. These were significant increases in the prices of each
variety of selected vegetables during peak demand season. The results of the study regarding the
procurement practices of sample supermarkets showed that most of them order vegetables twice a
week during the afternoon and have it delivered by morning. Most of the respondents prefer their
vegetables to be delivered and paid in credit. The terms of payment ranged from 15 to 30 days. In
order to preserve the freshness and avoid damages of vegetables, supermarkets use various
packaging materials for the vegetables. The study revealed that most of the respondents prefer
suppliers who offer a complete list of vegetables that they need and those who can meet their
desired volume of high quality. They also choose suppliers who are systematic in getting orders and
can provide a consistent and reliable supply. Other supermarkets give priority to suppliers who can
offer low priced vegetables. Some of the problems encountered by the supermarkets with their
suppliers include: supply disruption due to natural calamities such as typhoons, suppliers poor
handling of vegetables, mismatch between peak demand season and peak supply season, suppliers
inability to meet the specified volume and quality required by supermarkets, and under stock due to
delivery rejects. In review of the findings in the study and problems identified by the supermarkets,
the following are recommended: establishment of close linkage with the supermarkets by farmers
and traders who would like to penetrate supermarkets; adjustments in the production and marketing
practices of farmers and traders who are currently catering the supermarkets; and government
provision of technical assistance to farmers to improve production of vegetables to meet the quality
and quantity requirements of supermarkets and provision of market information to both farmers and
traders.
00014 Anit, G.A. 1983. Effects of growth regulations on the ripening of `carabao' mangoes sprayed with
ethephon before harvest. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. [5],
31, [26] leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The effects of growth regulators on the respiration, ethylene production, color development,
total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) of `Carabao' mangoes were studied. The trees
were induced to flower with KMNO3 and sprayed with 250 ppm ethephon solution one month
before normal harvest. The fruits were harvested 125 days from flower induction. They were dipped
in varying concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyl adenine (BA) and gibberellic acid
(GA3) for five minutes and stored at 20°C. Higher respiration rates were observed on fruits treated
with 500 ppm NAA, 100 and 200 ppm BA, 250 and 1250 ppm NA3. Fruits treated with 50 and 100
ppm NAA, 20 ppm BA and 50 ppm GA3 had lower carbon dioxide production than the control. All
treatments delayed the climacteric rise in respiration. Ethylene was highest at 50 ppm NAA. It was
also observed that 100 ppm NAA, 200 ppm BA, 250 and 1250 ppm GA3 increased ethylene
production compared to the control. Low ethylene production was exhibited by fruits treated with 20
and 100 ppm BA and 50 ppm GA3. All growth regulators slowed down the rate of color development.
No significant effect was observed on TSS and TA content except for 250 ppm GA3 which had
significantly lower TA content of treated fruits. Basing on these results, the apparent benefit from
postharvest application of growth regulators is around the region of 4 days from harvest. Within this
period, ethephon sprayed fruits dipped in appropriate concentration of growth regulators are
greener and have not attained the climacteric peak in respiration.
00015 Apolinario, V.A. 1968. Effect of different level of oxygen on storage of `bungulan' bananas. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 15 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The effect of varying levels of oxygen in controlled atmosphere storage of `Bungulan' bananas
was studied. Controlled atmosphere (CA) storage greatly prolonged the life of the fruits under the
conditions of this experiment. Differences in retardation of ripening between varying levels of oxygen
were found to be highly significant. The extent of retardation increased with decreasing levels of
oxygen. Days marketability was not affected by the different oxygen levels. The fruits remained
marketable for three days, owing to their susceptibility to stem-end rot disease. CA storage retained
the good appearance and flavor of the `Bungulan' bananas.
00016 Arboleda, M.S.M. 1986. Fertilizer trials on sampaguita (Jasminum sambac L. Ait.).BS Thesis, University
of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 70 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
One-year old sampaguita cuttings grown in pots were treated to two different experiments:
different rates of N at 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 kg/ha with P and K constant at 30 and 10 kg/ha
respectively; and to different rates of application of constant 10 + 30 + 10 kg NPK/ha at 5, 10, 20, 40
and 80 g/pot. The treatments were applied in May and again in November. Nitrogen application at 10
kg/ha significantly increased total bud production from 89.87 kg/ha of the control (0 N/ha) to 152
kg/ha. There was no significant increase in the total yield when the rates were doubled to 20 and 40
kg N/ha but there was a decrease in yield when 80 kg N was applied. In the second experiment, a 10
+ 30 + 10 kg NPK/ha rate given at 20 g/pot significantly raised total yield to 237 kg/ha compared to all
other treatments. Effects on yield at the application rates of 5, 10, 40 and 80 g/pot were not
significantly different from each other. Weight of 100 flower buds were not affected by both
different N rates (kgN/ha) and different rates (g/pot) of 10 + 30 + 10 kg NPK/ha.
00017 Artes, L.A. 1984. Modified atmosphere storage for lanzones (Lansium domesticum Correa). BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. (unpublished)
Abstract
Ethylene production was not discernible in the freshly harvested fruits but increased as
deterioration progressed. Browning of lanzones was found to be significantly delayed for at least a
day when kept in PEB. Weight loss was also reduced to half of that in controls. Storing fruits in
perforated PEB offered far better results than either keeping them in sealed PEB or in PEB with 16
diffusion holes (DH) since fermentation occurred in both treatments due to reduced O2 levels. The
use of perforated PEB, on the other hand, did not adversely affect the taste of stored fruits.
00018 Aspuria, T.G. 1977. Supply requirement of tomato paste. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, College, Laguna. 52 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Total tomatoes available for consumption in the Philippines was very much below the country's
consumption requirement of 23 grams per capita per day. The study projected the demand for
tomatoes in 1977 to reach a total volume of 374.1 million kilograms. Also, it was revealed that to
meet the dietary requirement of the country by 1980, supply of tomatoes must reach a total volume
of 408.9 million kilograms. Results of the study showed that local tomato production during the last
ten years did not seem to affect the volume of tomato paste imports in the Philippines in the same
way that shifts in hectarage devoted to tomatoes did not extensively increased local tomato
production. These were verified by low correlations between the variables. Tomato paste
importation in the Philippines during the years from 1966 to 1975 exhibited violent fluctuations. In
1976, the country's importation amounted to P1.8 million. Portugal, United States, Italy and Taiwan
were the dominant producer countries which supplied the Philippines with tomato paste. Among the
five respondent companies, only Ram Food Products Incorporated had produced its own tomato
paste. Related products that were made out of this raw material were pork and beans, chilli sauce,
mechado, tomato sauce, spaghetti recipes.
00019 Atienza, Ma. A.M. 1990. Shelf-life evaluation of clay-ash ethylene scrubbers. BS Thesis, University of
the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 35 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The shelf-life of ethylene scrubbers using clay and rice hull ash as potassium permanganate
carrier was evaluated at the Postharvest Horticulture Training and Research Center. The ethylene
absorbing capacity of the scrubbers expressed in quantitative terms as a first order rate constant,
remained high even after 24 weeks of storage. Temperature has no significant effect on the rate of
deterioration of the scrubbers, i.e. decrease in the value of their rate constants. After 24 weeks of
storage at 0°C, 10°C, 20°C and ambient (28-32°C), the scrubbers were still effective to the extent of
more than 75 percent relative to their maximum ethylene absorbing capacity. Light hastened
deterioration of the scrubbers stored at 20°C and at ambient temperature. However, there is no
interaction between light and temperature as regards their effect on scrubber deterioration. Color
change of the scrubbers maybe used as a quick indicator for deterioration.
00020 Baes, A.U. 1968. Effect of maturity on some chemical characters of banana (Musa sapientum L. var.
Lacatan). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 14 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
The total sugars, starch, total titratable acids and total soluble solids of bananas (Musa
sapientum var. lacatan) picked at two maturity stages were determined during ripening at 33.3°C.
Bananas picked at two different maturity stages showed parallel trends and that the only effect of
maturity during harvest was time differences in their ripening behaviour. Starch increased to a peak
at the initial stages of ripening but decreased thereafter. Total acids increased coinciding with the
rapid decrease in starch; later total sugars increased coinciding with deceleration in increase in acids.
00021 Bandian, Ma. N. F. 1989. Flotation and other physical and chemical characteristics of immature nuts
(‘buko’) of different coconut cultivars at varying stages of maturity. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 61 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the flotation, and other physical and chemical
characteristics of immature nuts of five coconut cultivars at three stages of maturity (six, seven and
eight months old). Floating characteristics as an index for determining the maturity of young
coconuts, Cocos nucifera, Linn. were observed. Results showed that buoyancy of all buko samples
increased as they mature. On the other hand, the change in flotation angle decreased as the nuts get
older. These two variables can be used to determine maturity of the nuts of different coconut
cultivars. Other physical and chemical properties such as total soluble solids, pH and volume of liquid
endosperm, volume of nut cavity, thickness and cutting resistance of solid endosperm were also
observed and used as basis for determining varietal differences. It was noted that as the nuts mature,
there was a gradual decrease in the volume and total soluble solids in the liquyid endosperm. No
consistent trends were noted for the pH of the liquid endosperm, but the solid endosperm of the
nuts became thicker and firmer as they mature. Significant cultivar differences were also noted in TSS
and volume of liquid endosperm, volume of nut capacity and thickness and firmness of solid
endosperm. Some dwarf cultivars were similar if not better than the control, `LA', in terms of the
above characters.
00022 Barcelona, L.M.B. Jr. 1992. Effects of different levels of growth regulators on callus production of
Bauhinia galpinii N.E. Br. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 68
leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The experiment was conducted using two procedures for sterilization. In the first procedure 2%
CaCL was used and the explants were rinsed three times using detegent and water. The second
procedure the explant were with detergent and water for 30 minutes to 1 hour and then soakedin 5%
CaCL for 10 minutes. It was then rinsed with sterile distilled water and soaked in 0.01 % streptomycin
sulfate for 10 minutes. The explant were innoculated in Murashige and Skoog basal media with NAA,
BA, Kiand IBA as growth regulators added singly or in combination. The best among the technique of
sterilization for axillary bud culture of Bauhinia galpinii was double sterilization done by washing the
explants with running rap water and detergent for 30 minutes to 1 hour then soaking it with 5%
calcium hypochlorite for 5 minutes. Afterwards, the explants were rinsed with double distilled water
and re-sterilized with 5% calcium hypochlorite for 5 minutes then rinsed with double distilled water.
After the surface sterilization, the explants were soaked in antibiotic, 0.01% streptomycin sulfate for
10 minutes to prevent fungal and bacterial contamination then rinsed 3 times with sterile distilled
water before inoculation. The treatment combination of NAA + BA gave the highest percentage of
callus formation. Murashige and Skoog media with 5 ppm NAA + 2.5 ppm BA gave the highest degree
of callus formation (80%). The average number of days to callus formation was 12.5 days. The calli
that resulted from this treatment were compact and hard. Auxin when used alone gave high
mortality, but when combined with cytokinin, mortality was reduced significantly and cultures were
kept alive until they were able to produce callus.
00023 Barile, T.V. 1984. Effects of chemicals and low temperature on the vase life of four florist greens. BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 50 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Four florist greens, Nephrolepsis cordifolia (L.) K. Presl, Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jossop,
Dracaena sanderana Hort. Sander, and Chrysalidocarpus lustecens H. Wendl were held in different
floral preservatives and evaluated in terms of the rate of senescence and chlorophyll content. The
rate of yellowing of N. cordiflora was slowest when held in 300 ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline + 300 ppm
citric acid + 3 percent sugar and 100 ppm Thiabendazole + 300 ppm 8-HQ + 3 percent sugar
compared to the control although differences were small. On the ather hand, stems held in 300 ppm
benzoic acid + 3 percent sugar + 300 ppm 8-HQ and 300 ppm kinetin + 3 percent sugar + 300 ppm 8-
HQ showed a faster rate of senescence. There was no significant difference obtained in A. setaceus
when in different floral preservatives. In D. sanderana, the rate of yellowing was least when held in
300 ppm citric acid + 3 percent sugar + 300 ppm 8-HQ. The rest of the treatments showed similar
results compared to the control. Sugar (3 percent) and 8-hydroxyquinoline at 300 ppm retarded
senescence of C. lutescens the least while the rest of the treatments experienced a faster rate of
senescence just like the control. Regardless of the species used, chlorophyll content decreased with
time for all treatments.
00024 Basug, D.R. 1976. Management study of vegetable farms in Buguias, Benguet Province. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 35 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the cultural management of vegetable production and
marketing the physical variable, cost and returns and the production and marketing problems. The
average investment per hectare was P4215. Of this amount, 82 percent was tied to land, 13 percent
to farm supplies and materials, and the remaining 5 percent for tools, equipment and buildings. The
average yield per hectare was 14287 kilograms for cabbage, 8756 and 6337 kilograms for Irish potato
and carrots respectively. At the price of P0.35, P0.50 and P0.45 for cabbage, Irish potato and carrots
per kilo respectively that prevailed during the crop year, gross return per hectare amounted to P4999
for cabbage, P4375 and P2854 for Irish potato and carrots respectively. On the average, P1473 was
spent in the production of cabbage per hectare. Irish potato and carrots accounted P2336 and P599
cost respectively per hectare. Net return per hectare averaged P3296 for cabbage, P1749 and P2070
for Irish potato and carrots respectively. The most common market outlets were chinese financiers,
city buyers or wholesalers, local buyers and retailers.
00025 Beldad, D.D. 1992. A study on packaging of agribusiness products: focus on major Philippine fruits. BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 149 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
This study sought to determine the packaging practices and materials used for fruits at various
marketing levels. Primary data were obtained though interviews with different fruit producers,
traders and processors in Laguna, Batangas, Cavite and in Metro Manila. An interview schedule was
used. Descriptions, frequency, percentage and ranges were used in the analysis of data. All of the
farmers interviewed used kaing and sacks in packaging their produce. Other materials used were
bangkil (bakid), bayong, bakat, wooden crates, corrugated carton boxes and plastic sheets. Bulky
fruits were bare and others were packaged according fruit type (soft or hard), perishability and
distance travelled. Handling practices differed for each fruit. Among the problems were the product
losses during harvesting. And about 2 percent more during sorting due to mishandling and poor
harvesting methods. Those who marketed their own produce faced high transportation costs and
losses of 5 percent of products due to travel hazards and poor packaging materials. Producers in the
Visayas and Mindanao would have limited lumber for wooden crates because of logging restrictions.
Traders did not alter the packaging materials as the fruits were transported from farms to various
market sites. Kaing and sacks were still used with the addition of plastic crates which were used in
delivering fruits to processing firms. Transportation hazards and poor packaging material resulted
product loss. Mishandling practices like overstacking compressing the packages inside vehicles,
stepping and sleeping on the products, accidental drops and ungentle unloading procedures further
contributed to losses. At the retail level, kaing and bilao were must commonly used to display fruits.
Losses were also incurred in sorting out damaged fruits and stress suffered from consumers. In
supermarkets, fresh fruits were taken cared of in a favorable environment. Re- packing was done
resulting to six packs in plastic covered styrofoam. Bulky fruits were displayed on stalls. Processed
fruits were on shelves in sweetened, dried, whole, chunks, sliced, concentrates, jellies, jams, and
puree forms. They were package in plastic, glass, jars, bottles, aluminum packs, brick packs and tin
cans. Proper labels were on every packaged process products. Among the 17 processors interviewed,
two were juice drink makers, 8 were buko pie bakers and the rest were fruit preservers. The
packaging materials used were chip board boxes for buko pies, bottles for preserves, tin can and high
density plastic (HDP) for fruit drinks. Other materials observed were brick packs and aluminum foils.
Alternative sources of materials were sought for cheaper materials, in case there was a problem with
the current sources and to ensure competition to have a variety of choice materials. The problems
cited were the high prices of materials, limited supply, poor service and low quality materials. Not all
were able to take advantage of discounts due to the high purchase requirement. To address the
existing problems of various level, and to further improved the industry , the following
recommendations were arrived at farmers and traders must realized the importance of proper
packaging and handling extension work of government and private agencies like PHTRC, FPRDI, PIP
and DTI. Seminars brochures and handbooks could be distributed to farmers and traders. Processors
should form an association to increase their bargaining power, take advantage of discounts by buying
in bulk, eliminate competition and to help small scale processors to avail of good quality materials.
They may take advantage of seminars of trade exhibits sponsored by DTI, PIP or PDDCP. Bootle
manufacturers should find alternative materials and if possible, reduced the minimum requirement
to avail of discounts. And for DTI, PIP and PDCP, these agencies could extend their services to farmers
and traders through various seminars of program.
00026 Bicomong, Aileen G. 1997. Physico-chemical changes in minimally processed rambutan (Nephelium
lappaceum, cv Maharlika. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 42
leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The study was undertaken to determine the potential minimal processing (removal of peel ) of
rambutan fruits in order to extend shelf- life and make available to consumers a rambutan product in
its fresh- like form. Rambutan fruits were peeled, packaged in polyethylene (PEB) and polypropylene
(PP) bags and stored for 10 days at 5 C. In another experiment, the intact fruits ( with the peel on )
were first stored in the cold for 10 days, minimally processed, packaged in PEB and PP bags and then
stored for 7 days, in the same cold storage conditions. In the first experiment, among chemical
attributes, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity ( TA) and fH were significantly different among
treatments. The fruits with the peel intact and the minimally processed rambutan in PEB had the
highest TSS values after 10 days on storage. Percent CO2 was also observed to be highest in
minimally- processed rambutan packaged in PEB. Storing intact fruits first for 10 days at 5 C and then
the minimally processed product stored for another 7 days resulted in increasing TSS values which
were significantly different among treatment. However, TA and pH did not significantly vary among
treatments.
00027 Biglete, N.A. 1986. Coconut water as postharvest dip for pechay (Brassica napus var. chinensis). BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 61 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Studies to determine the effect of coconut water on the senescence of pechay were conducted.
Harvested pechay were dipped in coconut water at different stages of maturity and rehydrated in
water from mature nuts and tap water. Coconut water significantly minimized yellowing and
chlorophyll degradation. However, weight loss, wilting and rate of respiration was not retarded by
coconut water treatments. Coconut water does not minimize moisture loss during respiration. Tap
water is better than coconut water in terms of effecting turgidity at rehydration. Pechay at a
moderately wilted stage may still efficiently be rehydrated in tap water.
00028 Buenaobra, J.S. 2007. Landscape maintenance of the columns and one Legaspi Park in Makati City. BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 102 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The major practice was conducted separately in two residential condominium buildings, The
Columns, and One Legaspi Park, both located in Makati City from May 2 to June 30, 2006. The sites
were maintained by two landscaping contractors which were the Gardenia Landscaping Incorporated
and Polygons Ventures and Land development, respectively.In both sites, actual participation in the
various landscape maintenance operations such as watering, weeding, pruning, fertilization, pest
control and plant replacements were performed. Plant identification, interviews and other relevant
documentations were also performed. Two maintenance manuals were prepared and submitted to
Ayala Land for completion. For both areas, the problems encountered were quite the same. These
were: the lack of landscape field men for maintenance operation; inadequate knowledge and skills of
field men; few irresponsible acts of people; and extreme hot weather conditions causing withering
and death to plants. Appropriate recommendations were also suggested to address the mentioned
problems.
00029 Buera, M.V.B. 2003. Effects of mycorrhizal inoculant fertilizers on mini-roses (Rosa hybrida cv.) pot
plant production. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 53 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of Mycovam and different types of fertilizers
in the growth and development of mini-roses (Rosa hybrida cv.) Treatment of the test plants with
Solophos (0-21-0) and Peter's Bloom 99-45-15) foliar fertilizer was found the most effective in
enhancing growth and survival of mini-roses. However, application cost of Peter's Bloom (9-45-15)
treatment was higher due to frequent application. Addition of Multicote (17-17-17) show release
fertilizer to Mycovam had no positive effects on survival and resulted to even higher cost of
application. Mycorrhizal treatments, especially at a higher level, were found to be equally effective
with Solophos (0-21-0) and Peter's Bloom (9-45-15) in increasing the number of shoots and
stimulating earlier flowering.
00030 Bulawan, J.S. Prolonging the vaselife of different bougainvillea cultivars. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 49 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to compare the effect of six holding solutions (distilled water,
florafresh, distilled water after pulsing in silver thiosulfate, alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (ANAA),
ANNA with silver thiosulfate) on the vaselife, visual quality and water uptake of five bougainvillea
cultivars. The various holding solutions significantly extended the vaselife of these cultivars (Tules
Violet, Roman Pink, Rainbow, Red-36-petals and Guam. up to 7 days in some of the cultivars
compared with the vaselife of the control which is either one or two days only. The best holding
solution for each cultivar varies, that is, alpha-naphthalene acetic acid for cv. Tules Viloet and Guam,
ANAA with STS for Roman Pink, ANNA with florafresh for cv. Rainbow and florafresh for cv. Red-36-
petals. The holding solutions with ANNA extended the vaselife longer than those without ANNA.
Liquid uptake has no correlation with the vaselife of each cultivar. Visual quality rating of the
inflorescences held in the distilled water (control) exhibited abscission after a day while
inflorescences held in the other solutions did not abscised during the observation period except for
Roman Pink held in ANNA with florafresh. Based on the results of this study, all the cv. tested have a
potential as a cutflower.
00031 Calara, E.S. 1969. The effect of varying carbon dioxide levels on the storage of `Bungulan' bananas. BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 16 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Five percent carbon dioxide and 3 per cent oxygen caused a maximum retardation in the rate of
ripening and color change of `Bungulan' banana after 4 and 5 weeks of storage. Controlled
atmosphere storage successfully extended the marketability of the `Bungulan' bananas for several
days. At high CO2 levels (10 and 15 percent) fruits exhibited a type of injury similar to the symptoms
of chilling. The decay was lowest on fruits treated with 5 percent CO2 and 3 percent O2.
00032 Calinao, Ma. L. P. 1985. Shipment storage trials on two foliage plants. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 54 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
F. benjamina and A. commutatum were dark stored at 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°C and ambient
temperature for 7 or 14 days using either potted or bareroot plants, and then held in the dark under
ambient temperature for 15 days. Leaf drop, leaf color change, and decrease in chlorophyll content
was minimized with sub-ambient temperatures. Plant grade was highest at 5°, 10° and 15°C
immediately after storage for both plants, although differences between 10°, 15°, 20°, and ambient
were not significant as post-storage time increased. Plants stored at 5° for longer periods suffered
extensive leaf drop and leaf damage. Plants stored for 7 days had significantly reduced drop for F.
benjamina, less vertical leaf angulation for A. commutatum and reduced leaf color change with
higher chlorophyll content and plant grade for both plants throughout the post-storge period
compared to plants stored for 14 days. Bareroot E. benjamina were significantly better for all values
compared to the potted plants throughout the post-storage period but A. commutatum showed
reduced leaf color change, less vertical angulation and higher plant grade for potted treatments.
00033 Capilos, L.A. 1984. Studies on the postharvest handling of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum
morifolium Lam.)cv. Yellow Taiwan. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,
Laguna. 65, [11] leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Effects of the foliar application of Prolong (an emulsifiable formulation of sucrose esters), Decho-
Lustr (commercial preparation of wax) and kinetin on the vaselife of chrysanthemum
(Chrysanthemum morifolium Lam.) cv. Yellow Taiwan at half-opened bud stage was studied under
ambient temperature and at 20°C. The addition of different concentrations of sugar and benzoic acid
to the holding solutions containing standard concentrations of 8-hydroxyquinoline (400 ppm) and
citric acid (100 ppm) was likewise examined. Using a standard cocktail containing 400 ppm 8-
hydroxyquinoline + 100 ppm citric acid + 5 percent sucrose for flowers at 20°C and dipping the leaves
in 1 percent Prolong resulted in a vaselife of 24.30 days. The result however, was not significantly
different from the control at 20°C (23.70 days). Prolong had no beneficial effect on the leaves of the
flowers. Browning of the leaves was evident on the fourth day. For the untreated leaves, browning
was not evident until the sixth day. Holding flowers in distilled water only and treating the leaves
with 2.5 percent Prolong was also not beneficial. Those held under ambient condition had the
shortest vaselife of 5 days. Flowers held at 20 °C had significantly longer vaselife than those at
ambient condition. Benzoic acid was not a suitable component of holding solutions due to its
undesirable effects on the leaves of chrysanthemum. The leaves turned yellow on the third day.
Incorporation of 5-10 percent sugar to the holding solutions enabled the successful opening of cut
chrysanthemums at half-open bud stage. Holding flowers in solutions with these concentrations
consistently gave longer vaselife. Concentrations beyond 10 percent did not guarantee the extension
of vaselife. The use of Decco-Lustr for flowers held in 400 ppm 8-HQ +100 ppm citric acid + 5-10
percent sucrose at ambient condition maintained freshness of leaves until the seventh day and had a
vaselife of 22.20 days. Flowers held in 400 ppm 8-HQ + 100 ppm citric acid + 5 percent sucrose + 5
ppm kinetin at 20°C resulted in the longest vaselife of 25 days. However, browning of the leaves was
noted on the second day.
00034 Capiña, X.G. 2009. Effect of precooling storage temperature and modified atmosphere packaging on
quality and postharvest characteristics of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum Linn.cv.Maharlika)
fruits. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 83 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
Freshly harvested rambutan fruits vc. MAharlika at color stages 4 (pink with 10-15% of the peel
area still green), 5 (fully pink or red) and 6 (deep red color) were stored at 8°C, 13°C, 25°C and
ambient condition to determine the appropriate maturity for harvest and temperature for
storage.Fruits harvested stored at 13°C remained marketable for 8 days, longer than those stored at
25°C and at ambient. Browning developed more rapidly in the less mature (CA 4) fruits which
incurred the highest weigh loss. It was also the least acceptable to the sensory panellist. Visual
quality was significantly affected by storage temperature, such that fruits stored at higher
temperature (25°C and ambient) deteriorated faster. Loss of quality in fruits stored at 8°C was mainly
due to the appearance of chilling injury symptoms, excessive drying and hardening of the peel,
particularly the spinterns.To determine the effect of precooling temperature and modified
atmosphere packaging (MAP), rambutan fruits harvested at CI5 were hydrocooled in 5°C and 10°C
ice-water and packed in 0.002 inch thick PEB with 4 and 0 (sealed) pinholes before storage at 13°C.
Results showed that hydrocooled fruits stored in MAP maintained high moisture level in the peel.
Hydrocooling at 10°C significantly reduced peel and spintern browning. MAP markedly retarded
browning. Packaging in PEB with 4 pinholes and stored at 13°C was found to be the most effective
method of extending the storage life of rambutan fruits. This treatment did not adversely affect the
physic-chemical and sensory characteristics of the fruits.
00035 Capistrano, L.G. 1974. Factors influencing brown spotting of `bungulan' bananas. II Storage
treatments. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. (unpublished)
Abstract
Fungicides, volatile absorbers, modified atmosphere, and wax treatments were used on
`Bungulan' banana stored at 15.7°C for three weeks to determine their effects on the appearance of
brown spots after ripening. The physiological nature of brown spotting was confirmed with the
success of modified atmosphere and wax treatments and the failure of fungicidal treatments to
reduce spot development and extend the shelf life of the fruits. Spot development was slightly
delayed on fruits previously stored with volatile absorbers, notably activated charcoal. Brown
spotting was very severe on fully degreened fruits stored in perforated polyethylene bags while it
was practically absent on fruits kept inside sealed polyethylene bags at ambient temperature. These
results further confirmed the relationship between oxygen supply and brown spotting.
00036 Cartagena, L.A. 1993. High temperature storage of 'Red Creole' (allium cepa) onions. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 61 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of storing onion at high temperature and
to compare the storage of bulb onions at low and high temperatures. Results showed that onions
stored at 30 C and 35 C easily deteriorated due to diseases. Visual quality was low and weight loss
was high. Onions stored at these temperatures must be consumed within two months after harvest.
Onions stored ar 0 C had low incidence of molds and rots. It lasted beyond 7 months, but sprouting
and root formation was high due to frequent breakdown of the refrigerating system. Sprouting was
observed to be lowest in onions stored at ambient temperature ( 28 C -32 C ) and 25 had as much
weight loss as and lower root formation and rot incidence than those at 20 C and ambient
temperature. There were not much difference in bulb firmness, total soluble solids and respiration
rate among treatments. If it were for the high incidence of disease, storage at 25 C ar ambient
temperature ( 28 C - 32 C) would be a good alternative to 0 C.
00037 Celemin, R.C. 1988. The economics of cold storage among gladiolus farmers in Los Baños. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 86 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
This study analyzed the economics of cold storage among gladiolus farmers. It generally aimed to
determine the effect of cold storage on the economic performance of gladiolus farmers. Specifically it
aimed to: (1) determine the extent or adoption of cold storage technology among gladiolus farmers;
(2) describe the nature of cold storage practice among gladiolus farmers; (3) identify the factors
influencing a farmer's decision to utilize cold storage facilities in gladiolus marketing; (4) assess the
profitability of cold storing gladiolus; and (5) pinpoint some problems encountered in cold storing
and recommend some possible solutions to alleviate them. Primary data used in this study were
gathered through personal interviews conducted among 60 randomly selected gladiolus farmers. The
samples were classified into two types. The first type os farmers were those who did not adopt the
cold storage technique and instead sold their produce immediately after harvest. The farmer's extent
of adoption of cold storage technology was only 17 percent since not all of them cold store, instead
most farmers sold their flowers immediately after harvest. Farmers practice cold storage prior to All
Saints Day when gladiolus flowers command higher prices. Harvested flowers were sorted into colors,
graded and tied into bundles. A bundle contains 30-40 dozens of gladiolus flowers. After which the
flowers were ready for transport to the cold storage facility. Farmers utilized cold storage facilities
located in UPLB: at IFST and at PHTRC, and in Manila: at FTI and at Clemente Enterprises. Factors that
significantly affected farmer's decision, based on results using the chi-square tests, were time and
volume of harvest, presence of immediate buyers, profitability of the practice, and capability of the
farmer. When harvesting occurs about a week before the target date of sale which was All Saints Day,
and harvest is in bulk, most farmers cold store. If harvesting was very early or done just in time for
selling, farmers find no need to cold store. When ther were immediate buyers offering a good price,
farmers sold their harvest immediately. However, when harvests were in bulk and buyers were not
sufficient enough to absorb all the harvested flowers, some farmers cold stored. The profitability of
this practice strongly influenced the farmer's decision, as higher prices received after storage exhibits
also higher returns that off-set the additional cost of storage. Gladiolus farming was mainly a family-
based enterprise, wherein husband and wife worked at the farm most of the time. Because of too
much work in the farm, farmers did not have extra time to cold store their flowers; instead they were
satisfied by growing the flowers and selling them afterwards. It was found out through t-test that
farmers who cold store received higher prices than those who did not cold store. Partial budget
analysis was used to determine the profitability of cold storing and results showed that farmers got a
P3.00 net return per dozen of gladiolus flowers cold stored. The main problem encountered by
farmers in cold storing was the quality losses incurred such as wilting or rottening of some flowers
that lower the selling price. Such losses results from accidental fluctuations in storage temperature,
improper handling of flowers, distance of cold storage facilities availed of, and length of storage.
00038 Chingcuanco, W.O. 1988. In-plant training at the Postharvest Training and Research Center,
Department of Horticulture, University of the Philippines at Los Baños. BS Thesis, University of
the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 40 leaves. (unpublished)
00039 Chua, M.J. 1987. Maturity index determination and effects of low temperature and enclosure in
polyethylene bag on the physico-chemical changes of young cob corn (Zea mays). BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 53 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Effects of low temperature and enclosure in polyethylene bag on the physico-chemical changes
of harvested `Super Sweet' young cob corn, using different maturity indices, were determined. Of the
indices used, days after corn ear appearance was the best as it was highly correlated with texture,
cob length, and cob diameter. Toughening started on the fifth day after corn ear appearance. The
right time to harvest young cob corn is thus on the fourth day after corn ear appearance where
tender young cob corns of acceptable length and diameter were obtained. Storage at 20°C was as
effective as that at 0°C for the first three days of storage in terms of weight loss, texture, sugar
content and respiration rate. Cob corn stored for 20 days at 0°C are still marketable. Young cob corns
were storeable only for 3 days at ambient conditions. Enclosure in polyethylene bag minimized
weight loss at all temperatures but it did not affect texture, shrivelling and sugar content.
00040 Chua, R.K.O. 2008. Comparative business analysis between the performance of the current
distribution system of fruits and the proposed cold chain system from Oriental Mindoro to
Batangas. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 164 leaves.
(unpublished)
00041 Clado, B.R. 1986. Evaluation of coconut coirdust as storage medium for tomatoes (Lycopersicum
esculentum Mill.). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 70 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
Studies on prolonging the storage and shelf life of green-mature and firm-rripe tomatoes using
non-refrigerated methods were conducted. The studies were composed of two experiments. In
experiment I, green-mature `Improved Pope' tomatoes were used and imbedded in coirdust at
varying moisture content and in sawdust at the recommended moisture level. In experiment II, firm-
ripe `Panag-ulan' tomatoes were imbedded in coirdust using the best moisture level in the first
experiment. The effectivity of coirdust was compared to sawdust, clay jar and drip cooler storage.
Rate of ripening of green-mature tomatoes was not affected by storage in coirdust, sawdust or drip
cooler. However, the fruits exhibited higher VQR, lesser weight loss and shrivelling compared to
those stored under ordinary room condition. The fruits remained firm and even gain in weight. These
beneficial effects of moist coirdust and sawdust storage were also observed using firm-ripe
tomatoes. However, the color quality of the fruits was better than the control. The extension of
storage and shelf life of tomatoes was primarily due to the reduction in temperature and the
consequent increase in relative humidity inside moist media, moistened clay jar and drip cooler.
00042 Climaco, Ma. E.A. 1992. The acceptability and postharvest behavior of 'Cuarenta dias' banana
harvested at different stages of maturity. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
College, Laguna. 88 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
'Cuarenta Dias' banana harvested at 40, 45, and 50 days after flower emergence were used in the
study. Fruits of the three maturities were compared in terms physical and chemical characteristics at
the ripe stage, and physiological characteristics during ripening at 25°C. Ripening was characterized
by a decrease in total and peel weight, firmness, and diameter, and increase in pulp weight, pulp to
peel ratio, and chromameter a and b values. Despite differences in values for total soluble solids,
titratable acidity and fruit weight, 50 day old fruits exhibited a pattern comparable to that observed
in 40 day old fruits. Tannin concentration in fruits showed and increase in tannin, and this might be
attributed to a ripening disorder caused by an incidental high temperature exposure.Respiration rate
increased for all maturities up to the climateric peak, then declined thereafter, This increase in
respiration coincides with the increase in ethylene. Fruit of 50 day old frius were not significantly
different from each other in terms of general acceptance or hedonic rating.
00043 Cortes, T.L. 1972. Factors affecting firmness of some fruits. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, College, Laguna. 26 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Data on oleocellosis, as measured by a pressure tester, and the rate of ripening of individual
fruits using a penetrometer were taken to evaluate fruit firmness. Oleocellosis (blemish due to the oil
release) of calamansi decreased as temperature and relative humidity increased. Light intensity per
se does not affect the occurrence of oleocellosis. Ripening in chico, caimito, bananas and mangoes
started from the stem end. However, the subsequent rate of ripening from the stem end towards the
rest of the fruit differed. It was relatively uniform in bananas, faster at the stylar end than at the
equator in mangoes, and increasing from the equator to the stylar end in chico and caimito.
00044 Dagaas, F.A.T. 2001. Drop impact test of three different varieties of tomatoes as affected by picking
maturity and storage temperature. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,
Laguna. 62 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Tomatoes of three different varieties and picking maturity were first stored at three different
storage temperatures before subjecting them to drop impact test. Force of impact was measured by
a load transducer connected to a strain amplifier. A multi-meter was connected to the strain
amplifier to give a voltage output of the force. The independent parameters and their interaction
showed significant effects on the dependent variable considered. The BRCI variety proved to be the
most resistant to bruising while the del Monte variety was the least. It was also proved that as the
tomato ripens, its susceptibility to bruising increases. An increase in the storage temperature also
predisposed the tomato to bruising.
00045 Daguman, I.L. 1956. The organic acids of some Philippine fruits. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 11 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The acidity of the fruit is one of the factors that affects its flavor. The acid content of six species
of citrus fruits and twenty-five other fruits grown in the Philippines was determined by
chromatographic analysis. Citric, malic, oxalic, lactic or succinic and formic, -ketoglutaric or fumaric
acids were found in them. Citric acid was found in most of the fruits analyzed and was the
predominant acid in the citrus fruits, Antidesma bunius, Ananas comosus, Garcinia kydia, Sandoricum
koetjape, Averrhoa bilimbi, Artocarpus rigida, Spondias membin, Spondias dulcis, Calamus sp.
Malpighia glabra and Aglaia diffusa. Generally, the acidity of the well-recognized acidic fruits
analyzed was due to a high amount of citric acid. Achras sapota, Diospyros discolor, Flaccurtia
ramontchi and Annona muricata had malic acid and Averrhoa carambola and oxalic acid as its
predominant acid. The occurrence of acetic and lactic acids in some of the fruits is perhaps due to the
deterioration of the fruit during the advance ripening stages except in some cases as in Psidium
guajava and Tamarindus indica.
00046 Dalisay, Ma. D.S. 1993. Factors affecting the water uptake of Heliconia inflorescence. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 52 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The water uptake of inflorescences of two Heliconia cultivars: Jacquinii and Parrot as affected by
time of harvest, method of cutting, low temperature holding of plant prior to harvest and treatment
with gibberelic acid were determined then related to their subsequent vaselife. Inflourescences
harvested at 3:00 a.m. irrespective of cultivars had the highest water uptake values relative to those
harvested during the latter part of the day up to 12:00 noon. Irrespective of time of harvest of
cultivars, consistent decrease in uptake occurred up to the sixth hour after harvest. All parameters
studied such as time of harvest, method of cutting, low temperature exposure of plants before
harvest and treatment with gibberellic all enhanced water uptake in varying degrees relative to the
control. When water uptake trends were related to the subsequent postharvest life of the
influorecences, harvesting during the early part of the day (3:00-8:00 a.m.) coupled with cutting
under water gave a vaselife extension of 5 days relative to the control, 4 days with gibberellic acid
treatment (50 ppm) and 3 days for low temperature treatment. Whether there is an additive or
synergistic effect on water uptake and vaselife if all the positive effects of the parameters studied
would be combined remains to be determined.
00047 Danso, M.A. 2000. Mud brick structure for storing sweet potato (Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam) roots to
control quality deterioration. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.
36 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The study compared quality deterioration of sweet potato roots in three different storage
structures: a Mud Brick store with thatch roofing, Ambient condition using cement wall with
corrugated iron roofing and Cold store at 13°C. Storage of sweet potato roots at ambient condition
resulted in the highest weight loss of toots in both trials as a result of high temperature and low
relative humidity during storage. The first trial was conducted during the cooler time of the year from
November to January, when the temperature averaged 27°C and the average relative humidity was
80 percent, while the second trial was conducted during summer when the average temperature was
31°C and relative humidity, 90 percent. Weight loss of roots was slightly lower during the first trial
compare to the second trial but the effect of the storage structures on weight loss during the second
trial was the same. Although all the roots were sound at the start of storage, slight disease symptoms
were observed in the roots stored at ambient condition after 15 days in both trials. On the other
hand, those in the cold store and in the mud brick showed disease symptoms only after 30 days in
the first trial and after 45 days in the second trial. It can therefore be concluded that mud brick store
offered a good alternative to the cold storage especially in places where cold storage facilities are not
available or unaffordable. Mud brick storage should be recommended and adopted since the
materials used are easily available and affordable to even the resource-poor farmers.
00048 Data, E.S. 1973. Storage studies on calamansi fruits. II. chemical changes. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 25 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract The effects of temperature, maturity, wax treatment and application of growth regulators on
soluble solids, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid of calamansi fruits were studied under refrigerated
conditions. Soluble solids increased in green fruits and decreased in yellow fruit with time. Similarly,
soluble solids increased as the temperature increased. Between Ethephon ad Gibberellic Acid 3, the
former produced more soluble solids than the latter. On the other hand, titratable acidity decreased
as storage temperature decreased, while ascorbic acid decreased with increase in storage
temperature. Wax treatment and GGA3 slowed down loss of titratable acid and ascorbic acid. This
loss was greater in green fruits than in yellow fruits.
00049 Data, A.C. 1998. Shelf stability evaluation of 'florafresh' a flower preservative. BS Thesis, University of
the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 72 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
An experiment was conducted from June to October 1997 to determine the shelf stability of
'Florafresh' flower preservative and to compare its effect on the vaselife, visual quality and water
uptake of cut roses at different holding temperatures. Storage temperature did not significantly
affect the potency of 'Florafresh' as reflected in the visual quality rating (VQR), vaselife and water
uptake of cut roses. Vaselife of cut roses held at ambient lasts longer when placed freshly prepared
to 3 months old 'Florefresh', while 4 month old 'Florafresh' lasts longer when held at 20°C. Visual
quality rating of flowers held in 'Florafresh' was significantly superior over the control. On the
average, control flowers reached thei limit marketability (VQR 4) before the end of the fourth day,
while cut roses held in 'Florafresh' was in good condition until the end of day six. 'Florafresh' was still
effective even after four months of storage ambient or at 20°C. The different holding solution did not
affect the amount of water uptake of cut roses.
00050 Davis, J.L. 1979. Diffusion hole technique for modified atmosphere storage of avocados. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 33 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The effects of the thickness of films (0.05 and 0.06 mm) and number of diffusion holes (0, 4, 8,
16, 32 and perforated) on carbon dioxide, oxygen and ethylene level, storage life, and quality of
"Purple" and "Green" avocados were determined under modified atmosphere. Measurements of
CO2, O2, and C2H4 levels, observation of physiological disorders and ripening changes were made.
The results indicated that the sealed polyethylene bags accumulated higher levels of CO2 and C2H4
in thicker films than thinner ones. Oxygen levels were likewise lowest in thicker sealed polyethylene
films. Different number of diffusion holes affected significantly the gas composition during the 11 and
13 days storage period of "Purple" and "Green" avocados, respectively. The interaction of these two
factors on the level of the different gases affected the storage life and quality of fruits. Increased
ripening as indicated by high total soluble solids, low firmness, and natural color development, were
observed on both types of avocados. Physiological disorders observed were symptoms carbon
dioxide injury, discoloration and softening of the mesocarp and browning of the vascular bundles.
00051 Deanon, C.J. 1979. Light intensity and nutrition interaction on flowering of "quilted pink" african
violets. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 60 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
The effect of light intensity and phosphorus nutrition interaction on the flowering of african
violets was evaluated. There was four light intensity treatments combined with four nutrition
treatments. There was no significant difference in the vegetative development among the means of
the treatments. Significant differences in the number and length of inflorescence stalks, average
percentage opened flowers and flower diameter were obtained among the different treatments. For
the flower development, plants treated with 20-20-1- and 20-10-10 at light intensities of 400 fc and
500 fc responded best compared with other treatments.
00052 De Pedro, C.B. 1995. Development and processing of spiced green mango using three cultivars of
Mangifera indica Linn. for the Filipino consumers. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, College, Laguna. 74 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
From the reformulation and packaging of mango chutney using three cultivars of Mangifera
indica Linn. ( Carabao, Pico and Katchamitha ) for the Filipino consumers, spiced green mango was
developed and processed. The effect of the cultivar was determined as well as the approprite
working condition. Sensory evaluation showed that vinegar combined with green mangoes had a very
strong and objectionable sourness. Thus, vinegar was eliminated and it was found that the innate
sources of the mango used. The use of clove buds makes the aroma mellow and desirable. Garlic,
onions, raisins, and chili powder makes the product full and flavourful. Also soft texture was found to
be unacceptable. A test using 0.17% Ca Cl @ as firming agent gave no significant improvement after 3
hours. Fermentation and browning occurred after 24 hours. Size alteration was also done and it
showed that the green mango strips with smaller cross sectional area are the most firm but are still
limp. Sprinkling a generous amount of rock salt to the mango strips before cooking resulted to
osmotic dehydration which made the texture firm and crunchy. Among the three cultivars,
Katchamitha is best for this product because it is the crunchiest and its lack pf sourness cannot be
standardized as it is highly dependent on maturity. Processing for 15 minutes in boiling water bath is
sufficient in making the product stable after one year of storage at room temperature but it also
results to softening. Since pH ranges from 2.7 to 3.1 and total soluble solid is more than 30 brix, the
product may just be hot filled.
00053 Del Castillo, E.M.M. 1983. Vaselife extension of anthurium flowers (Anthurium andreamumcvs.
Baguio White, Duangsmorn, Kaumana, and Nitta). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, College, Laguna. 56 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The effects of different holding solutions, namely: distilled water, combination of 1 percent
sucrose and 200 ppm hydroxyquinoline sulfate (HQS) with either 300 ppm of ascorbic acid, citric acid,
aluminum sulfate or sodium benzoate on vaselife and weight loss of anthurium flowers (cvs.
Duangsmorn, Nitta, Kaumana and Baguio White) were evaluated. In another experiment, the effects
of antitranspirants, "Shellac" and "Primafresh" wax, on vaselife and weight loss of anthurium flowers
(cvs. Kaumana and Nitta) using distilled water and citric acid as holding solutions were also
determined. in general, all the holding solutions neither improved vaselife nor decreased weight loss.
However, the holding solution containing sodium benzoate, improved vaselife and decreased weight
loss of the cultivar Baguio White, when compared to those held in distilled water. There was a
significant interaction between cultivar and holding solution as regards vaselife and weight loss of cut
anthurium flowers. The use of antitranspirants and holding solutions significantly decreased mean
vaselife and significantly increased mean weight loss of anthurium flowers (cvs. Kaumana and Nitta).
However, antitranspirants improved visual appearance of the flowers especially "Shellac" when
applied to the spathe.
00054 Del Rosario, M.L.V.G. 1998. Flower induction in Spathyphyllum 'Mauna Loa'. BS Thesis, University of
the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 49 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
A study on the flower induction of Spathiphyllum 'Mauna Loa' was conducted using growth
regulators such as gibberellic acid and benzyladenine under two different shade levels. The
appearance of flower buds was observed to be most favorable under 75% shade irrespective of
treatments. Application of 500 ppm of gibberellic acid markedly increased inflorescence emergence
at 50% shade and 100% flowering at 75% at 13 weeks after treatment. The addition of benzyladenine
at 25 ppm induced earlier flower initiation of all the plants at 12 weeks, increased the average flower
production to 1.13 flowers per plant. However, benzyladenine did not reduce the incidence of the
deformed flowers produced. Plants kept at 75% shade and treated with 500 ppm gibberellic acid and
25 or 50 ppm benzyladenine had wider leaves than those at 50% shade.
00055 Del Rosario, R.P. 1974. Storage studies on calamansi fruits. IV. Respiration. BS Thesis, University of
the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 11 leaves. (unpublished)
00056 Del Valle, M.S. 1995. Physio-chemical basis of endogenous brown spot development in pineapple
(Ananascomosus cv. Queen). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.
92 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Storage of 'Queen' pineapple at temperature 18°C and below predispose the fruits to develop
endogenous brown spot (EBS). Changes in total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acids (TA) and levels of
gases, phenolic compounds and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity accompany the development of
EBS. There was a delay in peel color development during low temperature storage but upon exposure
to high temperature (28°C) an increased rate was observed which was higher than the control
(ambient storage). The visual quality rating (VQR) of the fruits was initially high ahd remained stable
during cold storage but a faster rate of senescence and deteriorative changes was manifested during
transfer to ambient temperature. Weight loss incurred during cold storage ranged from 0.34% to
0.69% but this range increased upon exposure of fruits to ambient temperature following cold
storage. Total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA) decreased coincident with EBS
development. There was no change in pH during storage. Total phenols and polyphenol oxidase
(PPO) in fruits subjected to low temperature storage showed increasing levels and activity,
respectively, which corresponded to EBS development and severity.
00057 Dinulos, A.L.M. 1982. Levels of lead in the groundwater land in the leaves of the vegetable Ipomoea
aquatica from Laguna. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 55
leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Analysis of lead in groundwater and in the leaves of a vegetable, Ipomoea aquatica showed
concentration that varied according to location. Mean concentration of lead in drinking water ranged
from .0007-.0027 ppm with highest population mean concentration of lead at .0022 ppm while the
lowest was .0008 ppm. Comparison of the population mean concentration of lead from different
stations showed a general increase in lead concentration with proximity to the highway. Analysis of
variance showed that variations in lead concentrations due to stations and sampling dates were
significant at 95 percent level of confidence. Levels of lead in drinking water were very much below
the maximum permissible level and maybe considered negligible and insignificant. The levels found
for the leaves of Ipomoea aquantica fell within the natural level of lead in vegetation. Highest mean
lead concentration was 4.26 ppm while the lowest was 1.46 ppm. The middle leaf portions contained
the highest levels of lead with population mean concentration at 2.84 and 2.96 ppm for the first and
second sampling, respectively. Generally, an inverse relationship between levels of lead in the leaves
of Ipomoea aquatic and proximity to the highway was found. Variation in lead concentrations due to
sampling stations and leaf portions of the plant were significant at 95 percent level of confidence.
However, variations in lead concentrations due to time of collection of samples were found to be
insignificant at 95 percent confidence level.
00058 Domingo, A.N. 1997. Production and management of selected foliage plants in Los Baños, Laguna. BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 59 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The off-campus phase of the major practice program was conducted in the Municipality of Los
Banos in two separate barangays, namely San Antonio and Maahas from November 1996 to February
1997. Seven small-scale farms involved in the production of five selected aroid species (Aglaonema
spp., Dieffenbachia spp., Philodendron spp., Spathiphyllum spp., and Syngonium spp.) were
considered for this study. Through direct participation, observation, and dialogues with the growers,
the different production practices and cultural management of the foliage plants were documented.
Regardless of the size of the production areas, the different farms employ similar methods of culture,
production, management, and marketing practices. Problems encountered were recognized and
appropriate solutions were recommended.
00059 Durana, G.A. 2002. Production and management of orchids at Green Land, Sampaloc, Sariaya,
Quezon. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 69 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
The major practice was conducted at Excellent Laboratory in FC Farm in Barangay Gulang-Gulang
Lucena City and at Green Land in Barangay Sampaloc II, Sariaya Quezon from December 2001 to
February 2002, inclusive. Production and management operations of orchids were given focus.
Orchids were mainly propagated through micropropagation/tissue culture. Knudson C was the
inorganic based medium used in micropropagation. For embryo culture, 0.07%-0.10% agar and 0.50%
tomato puree were added; for shoots/meristem and inflorescence culture 0.07%-0.10% agar, 1 ppm
BA and 1 ppm kinetin were added; while reflasking medium was added with 0.07%-0.10% agar and 2
ppm NAA. Every Tuesdays and Thursdays, pollination and collection of shoots and inflorescence and
immature seed pods were done. Micropropagation and reflasking was done everyday except
Saturdays, which was the schedule for general cleaning.Seedlings ready for deflasking were brought
to Green Land for compotting (community potting). Compots were not readily watered or fertilized
(it has enough nutrients enough to support its requirements) for less than a week. After 3-4 months,
seedlings were individually plaved in Triple 0. Another 3-4 months and the seedlings were
transplanted in pot #3, then after a few months, the plants were ready for sale. Established orchid
plants were fertilized weekly with foliar fertilizer (every three months using slow release fertilizer).
Watering was done between 7-8 in the morning and 3-4 in the afternoon, though sometimes it is
necessary to water at midday during summer days. Green Land brings their products at Country
Flower Farm and Garden World (affiliate companies) where whole plants and cutflowers were sold to
walk-in clients (direct buyers), others were sent to their buyers who order whole or cutflowers.
Marketing strategies involved joining garden shows/exhibits and sponsoring such activities.
00060 Esguerra, E.B. 1977. Effect of waxing and storage conditions on the storage life of ginger (Zingiber
officinale). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 57 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
The effect of waxing and storage conditions on the storage life of ginger rhizomes was
determined using the following parameters: respiration rate, percentage weight loss, starch, sugar,
crude fiber content and visual quality index. Ginger rhizomes kept in cold storage respired less and
lost loss weight. Waxing also produced similar results regardless of the conditions in which the
rhizomes were stored but was more effective under cold storage condition. Tag was the most
effective coating used, followed by Prima Fresh. Percentage starch, sugar and crude fiber content
during the first 2 months and visual quality index after 2 months were not significantly affected by
storage conditions and waxing. Apparently, the differences were still not great enough to be noted
visually. Grade fiber content was unaffected by storage conditions but was decreased by waxing. The
percentage weight loss, starch and crude fiber content significantly increased with time regardless off
waxing and storage conditions while the respiration rate and visual quality decreased. There was no
significant change in the sugar content of the rhizomes with time.
00061 Espanto, L.H. 1984. Handling, storage and ripening of "Saba" (Musa spp.). BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 79 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The specific steps in the traditional postharvest handling of `Saba' were documented from
information obtained by distributing questionnaires to farmers of Putho, Los Baños, Laguna. This was
done to compare their usual practice with methods designed on the basis of the results obtained
from earlier studies on bananas conducted at the ASEAN Postharvest Horticulture Training and
Research Center. Transport experiments showed that the biggest volume of `Saba' hands can be
conveyed at any one time by carrying the fruits in clusters attached to ends of a bamboo pole
("pingga") compared to using either the "kaing" or a wooden crate. Mechanical damage in the
clusters is minimal, and the "kaing" and wooden crate, therefore do not offer an additional
advantage in terms of protection against injury. The cluster method is also the least costly. Ripening
can be equally enhanced by exposing the fruits to CaC2 in drums or sacks or by dipping them in 5000
ppm ethephon solution. Visual quality and weight loss for all treated fruits were essentially the same;
untreated fruit generally exhibited the slowest weight loss and lower deterioration of visual quality.
00062 Estigoy, R.P. 1983. Farm level storage of onion using sawdust as bed material. BS Thesis, University of
the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 15 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effectivity of the thickness of sawdust as bed
material for onion bulbs. There were four treatments, namely 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5
centimeters sawdust which were replicated three times. Observations were done every fifteen days
until the shelf life of onion was reached. The results showed that the storing of onions at various
depths of sawdust as bed material had significant effect on the storage life of onion bulbs. Results
also revealed that the thickness of sawdust has no effect on the sproutability of onion bulbs when
stored. The treatment with sawdust depth of 7.55 cm resulted to the longest storage life of onion
bulbs.
00063 Estipona, J.L. 1986. Minimum concentration of ethephon for ripening of tomatoes. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 55 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Green mature 'Improved Pope' tomatoes were dipped in Ethephon at high concentration for ten
minutes ( 1250 ppm, 2500 ppm, and 3750 ppm ) and at low concentrations ( 250 ppm and 500 ppm )
for one and three hours dipping periods. For a ten minute dip, 1250 ppm was an effective as the
higher concentrations with no decrease in quality of the fruits. When the dipping period was
extended to one or three hours 250 ppm and 500 ppm still accelerated ripening, with 500 ppm being
more effective as three hours. Quality of the fruits was unaffected but the rate of weight loss was
significantly lower in the Ethephon-treated fruits relative to the control. Ethephon treatments at all
concentrations increased CO2 and ethylene production compared with the control.
00064 Eusebio, S.A. 1985. Determination of the labor requirement to produce a crop of mums. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 49 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The University of the Philippines at Los Baños offered a major practice program to students. The
program consisted of 2 phases: on-campus, which provided the student exposure to practical farm
situations which enabled her to integrate acquired theoretical knowledge in horticulture. A study to
determine the labor requirement in producing a crop of mums showed that about 159.7 man-days
are needed for every 1,000 sq.m. of production area or 24,000 plants. The monetary value of this
labor is about P4,411.88 which is equivalent to P3.45 per hour. maintenance operations had the
highest requirement and cost of 52.9 man-days and P1,460.04 respectively. Other operations which
resulted to high labor requirements and costs were defoliation, transplanting, and packing.
00065 Farcon, E.B. 1977. Changes in crude fibers, sugar, and starch contents of ginger treated with fungicide
and stored at different temperatures. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,
Laguna. 24 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Starch, sugar and fiberr contents of the "Hawaiian" cultivar were analyzed to determine the
effects of the different storage temperatures, length of storage and fungicide treatments on the
quality of the rhizomes. The chemical analysis was done at the Department of Horticulture, U.P. at
Los Baños from March, 1976 to February 1977. Starch content of the ginger rhizomes increased with
an increase in temperature from 45-50°F (7.22-10°C) to 55-60°F (12.78-15.56°C) while fiber content
decreased and sugars (total and reducing) were unaffected. fungicide treatments did not affect the
four constituents. With the exception of fiber content, all the other constituents tended to decrease
with time.
00066 Ferino, M.A.B. 1993. Rose production and management at Puyat Farm, Baguio City. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 41 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract The off campus major practice was conducted in a 1,945.1 sq m rose major production area at
puyat far, Baguio city. The farm operation for rose growing such as land preparation, cutting,
budding, planting/ transplanting, irrigation fertilization, weeding, spraying, pruning, pinching
disbudding, harvesting bunching, packaging and marketing were performed. A farm requires a total
cost of P 16,179.00 to produce 2,500 plants in a 500 sq m of land area, Problems encountered in the
farm were identified and feasible solutions were recommended.
00067 Fernandez, R.T. 1981. Effect of three potting media on the growth and flowering of chrysanthemum
(C. morifolium cv. Illini Trophy) under natural and extended day lengths. BS Thesis, University of
the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 64 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Soil ammendments consisting of ricehull, sawdust and hog manure were used for preparing
potting media for chrysanthemum plants grown under natural daylength and under long day
condition. Ammendments did not alte the vegetative growth of potted chrysanthemums. However,
larger crown flower diameter were produced when these artificial media mixtures were used.
Irrespective of the type of media used, plants exposed to long day condition had greater vegetative
growth in terms of height, stem diameter and leaf number. Differences in leaf size were not
statistically significant compared to plants exposed to natural daylength. The most significant effect
of long day exposure was the enhancement of more uniform flower initiation and development. By
using hog manure, sawdust and ricehull as soil amendment, media weight may be reduced 32
percent, 50 percent and 66 percent respectively without any detrimental effect on the flowering
behavior of potted chrysanthemums.
00068 Fernandez, L.C. 2000. Techno-managerial assessment of a UPLB-developed technology: the case of
PHTRC ethylene absorbent for banana and papaya. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, College, Laguna. 178 leaves. (unpublished)
00069 Flores, F.D. 1990. Report on practical training at the Postharvest Horticultural Training and Research
Center, UPLB. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 149 leaves.
(unpublished)
00070 Flores, N.B. 1980. The use of liners in the packaging of chayote. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 39 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
A survey on packaging and transport of chayote was conducted in a selected barrio in Nagcarlan,
Laguna, before an experiment was conducted using different liners in the packaging of chayote to
determine their effects on quality. four types of packages were used: "bangkil", bamboo crate or
kaing, sacks and bags in the order of their preference. Of the liners used, banana leaves was the next
popular, followed by "bingobing" leaves. Polyethylene film, gabi leaves and newspaper were also
used. In transporting their produce from the farm to the house, 41 percent used animal power, 36
percent combination of both man and animal-power and 23 percent, man-power but from the house
to the market, 80 percent used motor vehicle and the remaining 20 percent used animal-power. In
transporting chayote in kaings to a total distance of 65 kms, polyethylene film was the most effective
liner in reducing percent injury, followed by newspaper, then by banana leaves. They also minimized
chlorophyll degradation and quality deterioration. Results show that during subsequent storage at
ambient temperature as during transport, polyethylene film, newspaper and banana leaves ranked
first, second and third respectively in maintaining the shelf-life of chayote.
00071 Flores, T.T. 1976. Effect of polyethylene packages on storage of bananas. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 33 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Green, unripe `Bungulan' banana fruits were stored in perforated and non-perforated
polyethylene bags of different thickness and contents and held at ambient temperatures. Non-
perforated bags extended the storage life of the fruits regardless of the contents and thickness used.
The desirable carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration inside the polyethylene bags was attained
shortly after storage and must have brought about the observed lower pulp-to-peel ratio, slower
color development, firmer fruits with lower total soluble solids and lower stem-end rot incidence
after seven days of storage.
00072 Francisco, G.D. 1999. Controlled atmospheres storage of 'queen' pineapple (Anana comosus (L.)
Merrill) fruits. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 38 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract The study was undertaken to determine the potential of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage to extend the postharvest life of 'Queen' pineapple. CA was established using the combinations of O2 and CO2 serving as treatments: T1=air or 21% O2+0.03% CO2, T2=100% O2+15% CO2 and T3=100%
O2+7% CO2. The fruits were stored at 13°C and evaluated after twenty days for various quality attributes such as: peel color, weight loss, visual quality, severity of chilling injury, chemical changes, and sensory quality. Peel color development was delayed in 100% O2+7% CO2 (T3). Visual quality ratings (VQR) and weight loss were not significantly different among treatments although VQR in fruits at T3 was high. Although chilling injury was observed in all treatments after 20 days of storage, T3 fruits exhibited least severity. The total soluble solids (TSS) of pineapple fruits increased with storage while the titratable acidity and pH did not show any consistent trend. fruits in T1 and T3 had higher TSS than T2. Fruits subjected to high CO2 whether 7% or 15% showed lower titratable acidity compared to those stord in air. The sensory attibuts did not significantly differ among treatments. However, panelists scored fruits in t3 higher in terms of general accepatablity or hedonic rating.Results of this study showed that a CA atmosphere of 1005 O2+7% CO2 was effective in delaying the yellowing of peel and maintaining the quality of 'Queen' pineapple fruits.
00073 Garcia, C.S. 2004. Landscape maintenance operations in selected landscaped sites at Ayala,
Greenbelt, Makati. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 89 leaves.
(unpublished)
00074 Garcia, J.L. 1976. Effects of ultra violet light on storage of banana. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 8, [11] leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
`Bungulan' and `Dwarf Cavendish' bananas of different maturity were subjected to varying
periods of ultra violet (UV) light treatments to determine the effect on respiration, soluble solids,
firmness and color development. Ultra violet light was effective in delaying ripening of fully mature
`Dwarf Cavendish' fruits after 4 days on a daily four-hour exposure. Respiration rate was lower than
the control and color change was likewise slower. Data on soluble solids and firmness further
supported the benefit that may be derived from four-hour daily exposure to ultra violet light treated.
Fully-mature `Bungulan' banana did not respond well to UV light treatment. However, light 3/4 full
fruits lasted for 23 days on a daily four-hour exposure period compared to 15 days of the control.
00075 Garcia, T.B. 1979. Respiration, quality and ethylene production of three winged bean varieties stored
at various temperatures. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 23
leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Three winged bean varieties (TPT-2, TPT-l4 and Pangasinan Medium) of the same maturity were
carefully selected and stored at different temperatures (5,l0, l5 and 20°C). Respiration rate, ethylene
evolution and quality index were determined. Both of the `TPTs' were found to have longer shelf life
at all temperatures and less sensitive to chilling injury than `Pangasinan Medium' at 5 and l0°C. Pods
kept longest at 15°C. There are slight differences in the respiration rate and ethylene evolution of
the pods at different temperatures during storage. At 5 and l5°C, both were steady except on the 8th
day where respiration rate increased at 5°C. At l0°C, ethylene evolution increased while respiration
rate decreased abruptly on the 3rd and then increased at the 8th and l0th day. Respiration rate and
ethylene evolution both declined with time at 20°C, but while respiration rate levelled off, ethylene
evolution increased at the l6th day. Among varieties, differences in respiration rate and ethylene
evolution were great. Respiration rate and ethylene evolution of `TPT-2' were greater than both
1TPT-14' and `Pangasinan Medium'.
00076 Garganta, J.C. 2005. Extending the postharvest life of bittergourd (Momordica charantia L.) through
modified atmosphere packaging, BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,
Laguna. 80 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Bittergourd (c.v galaxy) fruits were sealed in different plastic films [Polyethylene bag (PEB),
polyvinylchloride, polypropylene and zeolite-coated film] to determine the suitable packaging
material under ambient condition. The effects of diffusion holes and ethylene adsorbent were also
studied. Fruits sealed in PEB had the highest quality among the fruits sealed in plastic film. Sealing
the fruits in plastic films effectively reduced weight loss. Shrivelling, and softening of fruits but
development of several diseases were enhanced. Bitter gourd placed in PEB with 4 pinpricks
containing 2 fruits (500-600 g) had the best quality. Yellowing of fruits was retarded at the same time
disease development was lowered compared to other treatment under Modified Atmosphere
condition. Ethylene adsorbent (KMnO4) was used to lower the ethylene level inside PEB. Lower
ethylene level was observed in sealed PEB with KMnO4 than in perforated PEB with the same amount
of KMnO4. Yellowing of fruit was more rapid in perforated than in sealed PEB. The amount of KMnO4
had no significant effect on the level of ethylene inside the bag during four days of in storage. Control
fruits (exposed) generally had a marketable life of two days at ambient condition. The fruits remained
edible for two more days. Fruits sealed in PEB with ethylene adsorbent (KMnO4) remained
marketable for four days inside the bag and edible for one more day after removal from the bag.
00077 Garrovillas, E.R. 1986. Economic analysis of public cold storage facilities: food terminal incorporated-
central refrigerated warehouse case. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,
Laguna. 83 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
An economic analysis of the Food Terminal Incorporated-Central Refrigerated Warehouse (FTI-
CRW) was conducted in order to assess its operational and economic efficiency. Specifically, this
study aimed to (1) identify the capacity utilization and storage practices of the Food Terminal
Incorporated-Central Refrigerated Warehouse; (2) determine the extent of storage losses; (3)
determine the cost and returns of operating the Food Termimal Incorporated-Central Refrigerated
Warehouse; (4) determine the factors affecting th estorage cost for selected agricultural products;
and (5) assess the operational problems involved in the Food Terminal Incorporated Central
Refrigerated Warehouse and recommend possible improvements. Results of the study showed that
the FTI-CRW stored different commodities ranging from food items to non-food items that come
frrom government institutions, private institutions/individuals, and exporters/importers. It was
observed that majority of the goods were food items (82%) and the remaining 18%, non-food items.
It was also found that most of the commodities came from private institutions (83%), government
institutions (7%), private individuals (1%), and exporters/importers (10%). The length of storage
varied according to the type and market prospective of the goods. Non-food items were stored at a
longer period than food items. This was due to the highly perishable nature of food items. Fruits/
vegetables were stored for six months; dairy/ poultry products, 8 months; and, concentrated juices 7
months. Storage fees such as warehousing rates, plug-in rates and overtime rates had increased
considerably every year. The only rates that did not change from 1983 to 1985 were handling fee,
onion storage fee and dry storage fee. Capacity utilization of chillers and freezers was very much way
below their maximum capacity. The average per cent capacity of chiller and freezer sections
increeased over the years but maximum utilization was not attained. This observation attributed to
the failure of the management to strengthen the marketing tie-ups with hte consuming and
producing public. Food items contributed to the bulk storage losses of the facility due to spoilage.
Among the food item,s stored, fruits/vegetables which were highly perishable accounted for 17% of
the storage losse. Storage losses, however decllined from 22% in 1983 to 10% in 1985. The FTI-CRW
experienced a substantial profit as revealed by its income statement during this year 1985. The net
income of the facility was P3,275,004.75, while the incurred storage cost for the period amounted
P392,160.54.
00078 Gaston, Ma. H.D. 1987. Vase life extension on gladiolus sp. cv. "Red Japanese". BS Thesis, University
of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 67 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
This study consisted of 2 parts. In Experiment 1, the effect of storage and sugar pulsing with or
without alar, on the rate of opening of gladiolus spikes cv Red Japanese were studied. Pulsing with
10% sucrose did not have a significant effect, however, alar slowed down the rate of opening of the
spikes. The 2 best treatments obtained were those unpulsed and treated with alar regardless of the
length of storage. Experiment 2 evaluated the post storage of pulsed and unpulsed spikes with or
witout alar. The best treatment was the one opened with alar. This shows that alar slowed down the
opening of the florets. Therefore, the use of alar to extend Gladiolus vaselife is recommended.
However, further studies on alar concentrations and proportions to be used should also be
performed to obtain much better results.
00079 Gutierrez, Ma. L.V. 1980. Effect of size, internodal and nodal cutting, concentration of IBA and
Hormek on rooting of Arachnis Maggie Oei. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
College, Laguna. 47 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract Treatment of Arachnis Maggie Oei cuttings with IBA or Hormex increased the number of rooted
cuttings as well as the speed of root initiation. IBA was particularly effective at 4000 ppm. Without
hormone treatment, 6-node cuttings are better than 4-node cuttings. Between the two growth
regulators used, IBA was generally better than Hormex especially when used on international
cuttings at a concentration of 400 ppm. There was no apparent difference between nodal and
internodal cuttings when rooted in the absence of growth regulator treatment.
00080 Gutierrez, R.L. 1993. Cytology of Mokara 'CharkKuan': a trigeneric hybrid. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 38 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract The emeiotic behavior of the chromosome of Mokara was studied. High frequency of chromosome abnormalities like laggards, non-congression, bridges and polyspore formation were obsreved in meiosis I and II. Karyotype analysis showed a chromosome number of 3n=37, indicaitne poor homology of parental chromosome. Pollen fertility test revealed a low percentage of fertile pollen. Pollen grains exhibited a great variability in size and shape. A very low percentage of pollen grains were germinated. Hence, pollen tubes were highly abnormal. This confirms the hybrid nature
of Mokara as a male sterile. 00081 Hernandez, A.B. 2005. Kinetic studies of ethylene oxidation by potassium permanganate adsorbed on
various carriers. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 128 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract The ethylene scrubbing efficiency and stability of three KMnO4-carrier mixtures were studied, namely rice hull ash, coconut coir dust and lahar ash. The kinetic order (n) with respect to ethylene of the reaction between C2H4 and KMnO4 was equal to 1.35 ± 0.39, 1.46 ± 1.09 and 0.84 ± 0.18 for rice hull ash-based scrubber, coconut coir dust-based and lahar ash-based, respectively. Rate constants, k’ and k, were calculated based on pseudo-first order kinetics. The ethylene scrubbing efficiency was evaluated using the calculated k’ and k, i.e., the permanganate-dependent and intrinsic rate constants, respectively. It was found out that 0.04 M was the optimum KMnO4 concentration for scrubbing ethylene with rate constant k’ values of 0.0216 ± 0.0020 min
-1, 0.0085 ± 0.0015 min
-1 and
0.0127 ± 0.0003 min-1
for rice hull ash-based scrubber, coconut coir dust-based scrubber and lahar ash-based scrubber, respectively. Rice hull ash was found to be the most effective carrier for the ethylene scrubber followed by lahar ash and then coconut coir dust. Lahar-ash based scrubber had the highest k value of 8.12 ± 0.75 g carrier-min
-1/g KMnO4, followed by rice hull ash-based scrubber
with 2.28 ± 0.21 g carrier-min-1
/g KMnO4 and coconut coir dust-based scrubber with o0.21 ± 0.04 g
carrier-min-1
/g KMnO4 at 0.04 M KMnO4. At the same KMnO4 loading the lahar ash-based scrubber,
was more efficient followed by rice hull ash-based scrubber and coconut coir dust-based scrubber, The ethylene scrubbing efficiency can be better described by the permanganate-dependent rate constant, k’ (rate constant per g KMnO4). Therefore, the most efficient scrubber was the rice hull ash-based scrubber, followed by the lahar ash-based scrubber and coconut coir dust-based scrubber. The scrubber stability was determined by measuring how much the rate constants, k’ and k of the scrubbers change with time. It was found that the lahar ash-based scrubber had the fastest decrease in k’ and k with time with slopes of-5.93x10
-4 and -0.471, respectively, followed by the coconut coir
dust-based scrubber with corresponding slopes of -2.57x10-4 and -0.007. On the other hand, rice hull
ash-based scrubber had a slope of almost 0 for both rate constants. The zero or less negative slope indicated scrubber stability; therefore, the most stable scrubber was the rice hull ash-based scrubber followed by the coconut coir dust-based scrubber and the least stable was the lahar ash-based scrubber.
00082 Hojilla, J.O. 1997. An analysis of the profitability of selected cutflowers in Cavite, 1995. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 67 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
This study aimed to study to analyze the profitability of cutflower production in the province of
Cavite. Statistical random sampling was utilized in selecting the 36 sample cutflower growers in this
study consisting of 18 commercial and 18 backyard cutflower growers. Descriptive and statistical
methods were used in this study. The T-test of means was conducted to test the hypothesis that
there was a significant difference in the mean annual net returns per 100-sq.m. between commercial
and backyard farms. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to determine if there were
significant differences in the mean annual net were returns per 100-sq.m. among cutflower species
and among cutflower cultivars of each cutflower species. Regression analysis were conducted to
determine effects of selected factors such as material cost, fixed capital investment, labor cost,
cultivars, cold storage, and market outlet on the profitability of cutflower production in Cavite. Per
farm and per 100-sq.m. regression models were estimated. For the per farm regression model, farm
area devoted to cutflower production was included as explanatory variable. Results of the study
showed that there were significant differences in the mean annual net returns per 100-sq.m.
between farm types, among cutflower species, and among cutflower cultivars of the different
cutflower species. Findings of the study also revealed that factors which significantly influenced the
profitablity of cutflower production in Cavite for the per farm regression model were material cost,
labor cost, and cold storage practice. On the other hand, all the explanatory variables included in the
per 100-sq.m. regression model were found to have no significant effects on the profitability of
cutflower production in the province. Government support in terms of seminars on cutflower
production and postharvest handling practices by the Department of Agriculture was very minimal.
Considering that many of the cutflower growers lacked financial resources especially for pest and
disease control, pest and disease infectation was a major problem of the cutfllower growers in the
province.
00083 Ira, M.T. 1996. The response of dry- packed stored roses to critical high temperature exposure. BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. (unpublished)
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted on two cut rose cultivars, 'Dallas and Baguio Red' to determine
their critical high temperature (CHT) and to characterize the physical and physiological changes in
rose flowers exposed to CHT and hyperthermal temperatures. Temperature effects on roses is a
function of temperature and time of exposure. It is the time which cause irreversible cell damage or
death. The CHT obtained were 37.5°C and 42.5°C for the cultivar 'Baguio Red' and 'Dallas',
respectively. Weight loss, respiration rate, opening of petal index (OPI), visual quality rating (VQR)
and ethylene production increased relative to thr control in flowers subjected to the CHT. Water
uptake, however, decreased relative to the control. The applicability of ion leakage as a predictive
tool for determining temperature-stress related responses of cut roses has been successfully
demonstrated.
00084 Javellana, J.M.D. 1995. Effect of four commercial foliar fertilizers on growth and flowers production
of three anthurium cultivars. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.
66 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine wether the nutritional needs of anthurium could be
satisfied solely with foliar fertilization. Of the four foliar fertilizers compared, Albatros was the best
followed by Algafer, Wuxal amd Vitagro. Plants treated with Albatros foliar fertilizer produced the
most number of suckers and highest N, P, and K concentrations. Highest Mg concentrations were
observed in Wuxal treated plants and the control. Suckers treated with Albatros and Algafer
produced the most number of leaves while suckers treated with Albatros, Algafer and Wuxal
maintained the most number of leaves. Foliar Analysis showed that N, P, K, Ca and Mg were all within
the range reported to be sufficient for anthurium. This is generally true for all the four foliar fertilizers
used in this study.
00085 Juaneza, M.U. 2004. Enhancement of rooting in mussaenda (Mussaenda sp.) by inoculation with
plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
College, Laguna. 48 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Plant Growth Promoting
Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in enhancing rooting in stem and tip cuttings of Mussaenda such as ‘Doña Eva’
(a hard-to-root cultivar) and ‘Queen Sirikit’ (an easy-to-root cultivar). The treatments used in the
experiment were 15-minutes dip in 100 ppm IBA, dip in Modified Quickroot powder (containing 100
ppm IAA), 15-miuntes dip in PGPR inoculants BTToRe and TceRe 37w and the control. Treatment of
cuttings with IBA (100 ppm) was found to be the most effective in enhancing the rooting
performance of Doña Eva in terms of the parameters length of longest root, length of root zone and
root quality rating. Cuttigns treated with PGPR also resulted in better rooting comparable to that
achieved when Modified Quickroot (100 ppm IAA) was used, although not as good as IBA (100 ppm).
No significant differences in percent rooting, length of root zone and root quality rating were
achieved in rooting of ‘Queen Sirikit’ medial stem cuttings using different treatments and control. For
tip cuttings, PGPRs BTToRe and TceRe 37 w obtained significant effects on mean root length and root
quality rating. Therefore PGPR could be used to enhance rooting of ‘Doña Eva’ stem cuttings and
‘Queen Sirikit’ tip cuttings but not in medial stem cuttings. PGPRs had the same effect as modified
Quickroot (100 ppm IAA) hence, these PGPRs could replace 100 ppm commercial IAA. The use of
PGPRs could also be of some advantage since their ability to colonize in the rhizosphere and in the
root itself could cause long-term benefits such as production of natural PGRs , and protection of
plants from disease-causing microorganisms.
00086 Labios, E.V. 1978. Effect of succinic and 2, -dimethyl hydrazide (SADE) on the quality of ginger
(Zingiber officinale Roscoe) during ambient storage. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, College, Laguna. 18 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Different concentrations of succinic acid Z, P-dimethyl hydrazide (SADE) were applied on ginger
rhizomes before and after curing to determine their effects on sprouting, weight loss, respiration
rate, starch, sugar, crude fiber and visual quality. Curing was done by spreading the rhizomes for
seven days under an open shed with temperatures ranging from 26.1°C to 30.0°C and relative
humidity of 60 to 90 percent. At 1,000 ND 2,000 ppm, significant reductions on the amount and
length of sprouts, and high visual quality were observed. Lower weight loss and respiration rate were
also obtained at these concentrations. Starch, sugar and fiber content were unaffected. SADH
treatment before curing was more effective in maintaining quality than when applied after curing.
The amount of sprouts and weight loss increased with time regardless of treatment. Visual quality
also declined significantly at subsequent observation periods.
00087 Lalap, Divine L. 2012. Retardation of ripening in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Cv Diamante
Maxima) fruit with 1-methylcyclopropene. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
College, Laguna. 70 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is an antagonist of ethylene action and has been reported to
retard or prevent ripening of climacteric fruits. This study was conducted to assess the physic-
chemical and physiological changes of tomatoes treated with varying concentrations of 1-MCP either
in gaseous or aqueous for at different exposure periods or dipping durations.Reduction in the
respiration rates during the early stages of ripening was observed in fruits treated with 250 and 1000
ppb 1-MCP for 12 or 24 hours. Attainment of the respiratory climacteric was also delayed with
application of 250 and 1000 ppb 1-MCP. On the other hand, treatment with 250 to 500 ppb 1-MCP in
gaseous form for 12 hours at ambient conditions (31-40°C) significantly delayed peel color
development in tomatoes for 10 days. Loss of firmness was also delayed with 500 1-MCP applied for
12 hours. Visual quality rating, shrivelling cumulative weight loss, total soluble solid content (TSS),
titratable acidity (TA) and pH (at the table ripe stage) were not significantly altered by 1-MCP
treatment. Treatment with aqueous 1-MCP did not have any significant effect in retarding peel color
change to tomato fruits, cumulative weight loss, shriveling, TSS and TA. Significant difference was
observed only in firmness values of tomatoes at PCI 4. However, 1-MCP did not significantly delay the
loss of firmness at the ripe stage. Application of 1-MCP in gaseous form at 500 ppb for 24 hours
resulted in better retardation of ripening (gauged from color change and firmness) than aqueous
treatments.
00088 Lales, C.B. 1980. The effects of two chemical inhibitors on the sprouting and loss of length of potato
tubers. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 16 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
CIPC at 1-3 g/kg applied as a dust inhibited sprouting of `Conchita' white potato for 91 days at
20° storage room without significant effect on the percentage of decay. the amount of weight loss
increased with the increasing concentration of CIPC but it was only the tubers treated with 3 g/kg
which gave statistically higher weight loss than those treated with 1 g/kg. Visual quality was not
affected by CIPC treatments. Thus, the optimum concentration is 1 gram of CIPC per kilogram of
`Conchita' white potato. sulfuric acid in dilute concentrations of 2,500-7,500 ppm applied as a dip had
no significant effect on the percentage of sprouting, decay and visual quality index. However, weight
loss was affected by sulfuric acid treatment. Weight loss increased with increasing concentration.
Untreated tubers and those treated with 2,500 ppm had the least weight loss. therefore, sulfuric acid
cannot be recommended for sprout inhibition.
00089 Langaoan, V.B. 1986. Stomatal density, size and behavior at different intervals of harvesting selected
vegetables. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 47 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
Primary impressions of the epidermis of selected leafy (Malabar spinach, sweet potato, swamp
cabbage, amaranth, jute mallow) and legume (hyacinth bean, cowpea, stringbean) crops at their
basal, median and apical regions were obtained using nail polish. Impressions were taken at different
time intervals after harvest. The stomatal density of the leaves were found to be higher in the leafy
crops than in the legumes. In the leafy crops, sweet potato exhibited the greatest number of
stomates followed by swamp cabbage, Malabar spinach, jute mallow and amaranth, respectively. For
the legumes, cowpea had the most number of stomates while hyacinth bean had the least. Stomatal
aperture, width and length varies among the crops. There were decreases in aperture, width and
length as the length of time from harvest increased. However, these changes occurred at different
time intervals. A direct relationship between the stomatal aperture decrease and thedegree of
wilting existed. Stomatal density seemed to have lesser effect on wilting than on stomatal closure. A
faster rate of stomatal closure was exhibited by malabar spinach despite the great number of
stomates.
00090 Lansigan, A.P. 1974. Chemical test as a quick method of ascertaining maturity in `Carabao' mango
fruits. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. (unpublished)
Abstract
As the mango fruit matures, per cent total soluble solids increased with corresponding decrease
in per cent titratable acidity. Consequently, solid to acid ratio also increased. Marked differences in
these chemical parameters were also observed in fruits picked at different locations in the tree,
notably at the immature stage. However, this variation levelled off with increasing maturity. Similarly,
a time lag from harvest presented significant changes in the chemical constituents of mango fruits.
This necessitates appropriate correction values for minimum levels of maturity set for future
standardization work.
00091 Lantican, J.M. 1993. Production and management of chrysanthemum in Puyat Farm, Baguio City. BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 49 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
A major practice was conducted in Puyat Farm, a three-hectare chrysanthemum farm located at
Km. 3 Asin Road, Baguio City. It was intended to study, analyze and experience the various aspects of
production and management of a chrysanthemum farm. An in-depth understanding of the farm
activities was achieved by actual participation in the different cultural practices. Some farm activities
such as land preparation, transplanting, netting, spraying, watering, fertilization, weeding, pinching,
disbudding, harvesting, storage and handling, and marketing were performed. Some of the physical
and socio-economic data were gathered from primary and secondary sources. Cultural and
management problems were identified such as: 1) uprooted cuttings not properly washed with
water; 2) exposure of workers to chemical pesticides; 3) high plant density; and 4) high incidence of
white rust.
00092 Lapitan, G.E. 1979. The effect of giberrellic acid on the dormancy and sprouting of gladiolus corms. BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 37 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Gibberellic acid when used on cured corms of Gladiolus grandiflora cv. `Spic and Span',
significantly reduced the number of days to shoot appearance (ca. 48 to 50 days sooner) and per cent
germination (ca. 46 to 55 more) compared to GA-treated freshly-dug corms and untreated freshly
dug corms. GA-treatment cannot, however, equal the extent of germination promotion and percent
germination elicited by cold storage on cures corms. The effect of GA-treatment on the spike length,
number of florets per spike is, however comparable to that elicited by cold storage.
00093 Lasapin, L.L. 1974. Regulation of mango ripening by controlled atmosphere storage and chemical
treatments. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 30 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
The tolerance of `carabao' mangoes to very low 02 and very high CO2 atmosphere in a CA
storage room was determined in terms at respiration, starch, chlorophyll and alcohol contents. The
respiration rate of the fruits from 0 day to 38th day of storage increased. However, it declined
abruptly from 36th day to 42nd day, at which fruits were already 100 percent yellow. The starch
content decreased with storage. Chlorophyll was only present in green fruits. Ethrel and CaC2-treated
fruits showed zero chlorophyll reading 7 days after treatment. The alcohol content was quite high
right after storage, but decreased after the fruits have been exposed to normal atmosphere. Also,
only those fruits which were exposed to 20 percent CO2, 5 percent O2 showed a quite measurable
amount of ethyl alcohol at green stage after storage and at ripening. The effects of chemicals,
namely, ethrel and calcium carbide on acceleration of ripening were also observed. The treated fruits
attained regular ripening seven days after treatment with these chemicals.
00094 Laurente, J.B. 1999. Alleviation of endogeneous brown spot development in 'Queen' pineapple
(Ananas comosus L. Merr) fruits by hot water treatment. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines
Los Baños, College, Laguna. 58 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of hot water treatment in alleviating
Endogenous Brown Spot (EBS) development of 'Queen' pineapple fruits. The temperature of the
water for heat treatment was optimized. The optimum temperature effective in alleviating EBS
development was used to determine the physico-chemical changes associated with heat treatment.
The optimized water temperature found effective in the alleviation of EBS was 45°C. Heat treatment
significantly delayed peel color development in cold stored pineapple fruits. Upon holding at ambient
following cold storage, heat-treated and untreated exhibited an increased ratre of peel development.
regardless of treatment, conditin and duration of storage, pulp color changed from opaque yellow to
transluscent yellow. Total soluble solids increased significantly from an initial storage value of about
11°Brix to 14°Brix in both conditions. Titratable acidity in heat-treated fruits were significantly lower
than nontreated fruits stored at ambient. Fruit pH was not influenced by heat treatment, condition
and duration. Results of this study showed that hot water treatment (HWT) at 45°C for 10 minutes
was found to be effective in the alleviation of EBS developmen in pineapple fruits prior to storage.
The experiment also confirmed that EBS develops only when the fruits were stored at lower
temperature.
00095 Lazaro, J.C. 1981. Cashew growing in corporate and owner-operated farms in Bagac, Bataan. BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 29 leaves. (unpublished)
00096 Leyesa, F.C. 1974. Effect of kind of wax and delayed waxing on tomato fruits. BS Thesis, University of
the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. (unpublished)
Abstract
The effect of waxing and the time of application on the shelf-life and nutrient status of tomato
fruits were studied under ambient conditions. The efficacy of wax (Sta-Fresh, Prima Fresh or Tag)
was found to be proportional to the time of application. Freshly harvested fruits dipped in wax were
characterized by a reduced weight loss and respiration rate, increased color development, decreased
soluble solids and high retention of tiratable acidity and ascorbic acid as compared to the control. Tag
was found to be the most effective among three kinds of waxes tested.
00097 Licuanan, R.R. 1983. Artificial opening of aster (Aster geyeri (Gray) Howell) inflorescence. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 38 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Aster geyeri cut in bud stage were successfully opened under artificial conditions. A solution of 5
percent sucrose plus 200 ppm 8-hydroxyquinoline plus 0.08 percent citric acid at 20°C was effective
in opening tight bud Aster inflorescence. Aster inflorescence harvested at Stage II (terminal crowns
opened) had the best floral display but Stage III (25 percent flowers opened) had the most number of
additional opened flowers. Temperature influenced the opening of Aster flowers per inflorescence.
At room temperature, flowers held in the opening solution of 8-HQC plus 5 percent sucrose dipped in
1 ppm kinetin were consistently better than those held in the distilled water. However, at 20°C, floral
quality of those held in distilled water were better than those held in distilled water at room
temperature.
00098 Logan, S.P. 1970. The effects of growth regulators on the quality of tomato fruits. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 39 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The effects of gibberellic acid (GA), 6-furfurylaminopurine (Kinetin), succinic acid 2,2-dimethyl
hydroxide (Alar), 3-chloroethane phosphoric acid (Ethrel) and napthalene acitic acid (NAA) on the
growth, development and fruit quality of `VC 11-1' and `2029' tomatoes were studied. Stem
elongation was promoted by low levels of GA and NAA but inhibited by Alar and Ethrel. Yield of
`2029' tomato was decreased by Ethrel or kinetin treatments. Early and uniform ripening was
promoted by Ethrel but retarded by NAA, Alar and GA. Other effects resulting from growth regulator
treatments included increased titratable acidity of fruits with GA and kinetin, reduced acidity with
Ethrel, prolonged storage life with Alar, intensified puffiness with kinetin, enhanced fruit russetting
with GA, and induced adventitious rust formation with Ethrel and NAA.
00099 Macaraeg, E.M. 1993. Extending tomato greenlife by modified atmosphere and KMnO4. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 84 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Ripening of mature green 'Improved Pope' tomato was retarded for 9-17 days under ambient
conditions (20-25°C) in 0.002 mils polyethylene (PE) bags with zero , 2 and 4 pinholes for gas
diffusion, maintaining high CO2 (2-6%) and low O2 (3-5% O2) concentrations. Bags with 2-4 diffusion
holes (DH) per 3 kg tomatoes gave the best results, since the high CO2 levels and relative humidity in
a completely sealed PE bags resulted in reduction in the concentration of ethylene and delayed the
rate of ripening. The use of only one adsorbent was as equally effective as the use of two. Using PE
bags with DH without C2H4 adsorbent was as equally as the completely sealed bags in retarding the
rate of ripening. Some physico-chemical composition of the fruits were significantly affected by
storage. Fruits stored in PE bags with 2-4 DH and C2H4 adsorbent had superior VQR, were firm and
had acceptable odor and flavor, and increased TSS. The fruits ripened normally upon exposure to air.
00100 Madrigal, G.M.B. 2005. Chemical and physical methods of removing latex stains in mango (Mangifera
indica Linn. cv. Carabao) fruits. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,
Laguna. 75 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the best chemical and physical methods of removing
latex stain in “Carabao’ mangoes even with the delay in the application of chemical and physical
treatments. The chemicals tested were 0.04% commercial detergent, 1% aluminium potassium
sulphate (alum) and 1% acetic acid. The physical treatments on the other hand, were high
temperature short term dip (HTSTD) at 60°C for 30 seconds, hot water treatment (HWT) at 55°C for
10 minutes, and washing in water for one minute. A preliminary experiment characterized the nature
of latex staining in ‘Carabao’ mangoes. Latex “spurt” which exuded up to the first 30 seconds from
the removal of the pedicel primarily caused burning while “ooze” caused latex staining and slight
burning as well. The study also showed that latex still exuded onto the fruit surface after removing
the pedicel even up to 36 hours after harvest. One percent (1%) alum and HWT (55°C for 10 min)
were the best chemical and physical methods for removing latex stain, respectively. Both treatments
also significantly reduced the severity of latex burn. All treatments did not affect the physio-chemical
attributes of the fruits at ripe stage although 1% alum slightly delayed peel color change. Acetic acid
and detergent resulted in lenticel spotting. Latex stain was removed while latex burn was reduced
with 1% alum or HWT even when the treatment was delayed for up to 72 hours after latex
inoculation.
00101 Magbanua, M.F.F. 1982. The browning disorder of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.). I. physico-
chemical considerations. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 25
leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The physical and chemical basis of the browning disorder of rambutan were studied by excising
the out-growth at epidermal tissues (spinterns). Treatment with Pro-long (a surface coating agent),
ascorbic acid and sodium metabisulfite (anti-oxidants) was made to gain an insight into the nature of
this disorder. Excessive browning of the entire excised spinterns and whole fruits were found at the
tip of spinterns and progressed towards the base with time. High moisture loss was also observed at
the tip and lowest at the base. This can be attributed to surface area to volume relationship. A
modified cone method of approximating surface area of rambutan spinterns was discussed as
employed in this experiment. sodium metabisulfite aggravated the browning incidence at all
concentrations while ascorbic acid at 1 percent partially reduced browning.
00102 Maghari, A.G. 1991. Some physio-chemical and physiological characteristics of `Senorita' banana
fruits at varying harvest maturities stored and ripened at different conditions. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 97 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of storage and ripening temperatures on some
phsico-chemical and physiological characteristics of `Señorita' banana fruits at different harvest
maturities and to correlate some physical changes with the chemical and physiological process
occurring during the ripening. Results show that color change, weight loss, quality deterioration of
fruits of various maturities either in air or MA condition were significantly inhibited when ripened at
20°C relative to 25°C. Regardless of ripening temperature and storage condition on the other hand,
fruits of advanced maturity had higher total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total sugars and lower
chlorophylll content than relatively young ones. Physiological analysis indicated that respiration
andethylene production in each maturity was lower in fruit previously stored in MA ripened at 20°C
followed by fruit in air control at 20°C and fruit in MA at 25°C. The highest mean was shown in air
control fruit ripened at 25°C. Fruit in air ripened either at 20°C or 25°C attained respiratory peak
earlier than fruit previously stored in MA.
00103 Magnaye, Ma. G.B. 2004. Extending the postharvest-life of ‘Grand Gala’ roses through pulsing. BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 88 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Studies were conducted to determine the optimum pulsing condition for ‘Grand Gala’ roses
harvested at different maturities and to compare the vaselife and quality of pulsed roses at different
temperatures. Cutroses harvested when bud was fully opened and calyx was fully reflexed (stage 2)
remained highly acceptable after 7-14 days cold storage (5°C) when pulsed with 20% sugar. The same
result was obtained when roses harvested at tight bud stage and calyx was at right angle (stage 1)
were pulsed with 5% sugar for 6 hours and 20% sugar for 12 hours. However, flowers harvested at
bud stage can only stand up to 7 days of cold storage, and suffered from bent-neck more, than stage
2 roses. Pulsing with 15% sugar for 6 and 12 hours improved flower opening after storage. Moreover,
there was no occurrence of blueing on pulsed roses.Cutflowers displayed at 20°C lasted a day longer
than those placed in ambient temperature. Stage 1 and 2 cutroses can be stored up to 7 and 14 days,
respectively, at 5°C after pulsing.
00104 Mallari, D.V. 2002. The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on the vaselife of the three baby aster
cultivars. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 55 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the vaselife of three baby aster cultivars was
investigated. Response of 'MOnte Cassino' and 'Ada Ballard' baby aster to varying 1-MCP
concentrations for 6 hours exposure and varying exposure durations to ppm 1-MCP at 75 percent
flowers open were determined. Best 1-MCP concentration and exposure duration obtained were
tested on 'Monte Cassino', 'Ada Ballard' and 'White Princess' baby asters harvested at earlier stages
(25 percent and 50 percent flowers open). Vaselife of the three baby aster cultivars ('Monte Cassino',
'Ada BAllard' and 'White Princess') treated with 1-MPC was extended. For 'Monte Cassino' and 'Ada
BAllard' with 75 percent flowers open, best 1-MPC concentration for 6 hours exposure duration was
1.2 ppm. 'Monte Cassino' and 'Ada Ballard' remained saleable for 10.5 and 9.9 days respectivekly.
Best exposure duration of the two cultivars with the same flower opening to 0.6 ppm 1-MCP was 18
hours. 'Monte Cassino' remained saleable for 10.0 days while 'Ada Ballard' for 11.7 days. Vaselife of
the three cultivars treated with 1-MCP at 25 percent flowers open was not significantly different
from the vaselife of the untreated except in 'Monte Cassino' cultivar. At 50 percent flowers open,
'Monte Cassino', White Princess' and 'Ada Ballard' cultivars treated with 1-MCP remained saleable for
11.0, 11.11 and 11.0 days, respectively while the untreated lasted for 7.33, 9.11 and 7.44 days,
respectively. Investigation on response of babyaster at 25 percent flower opening to higher 1-MCP
concentration is recommended.
00105 Mañebo, K.C.B. 2006. Effects of two plant growth regulators on delaying the maturity and harvesting
of 'carabao' mango (Mangifera indica). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,
Laguna. 54 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The effects of low concentration of gibberellic acid (GA3) and the potential of 2, 4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid isobutyl ester (2, 4-D) in delaying harvesting of mango were studied. One
month after the expected date of harvest (150 DAFI), 23% of the original fruits in the control were
still on the trees. Analysis of the results showed that at 5 and 25 ppm, GA3 was too low to exert any
effect in improving the retention of fruits on the trees for one more month. In the case of 2, 4-D it
was found that the concentration used was too high and it even became detrimental to the fruit
retention since the mean percentage fruit retention was lower as compared to the control.Analysis of
fruit quality showed that in terms of titratable acidity and fruit firmness, the treatments had no effect
on the fruits. With regards to the peel color index and total soluble solids, 2, 4-D enhanced the
yellowing of the peel and the breakdown of the starch into sugar.Results of the sensory evaluation
showed that GA3 did not improve the quality of the fruits in terms of the pulp color, aroma, off-odor,
hedonic rating, sweetness, texture, and off-flavor. However, the 25 ppm GA3-treated fruits had better
characteristic mango flavor.
00106 Mapue, C.S. 2001. Postharvest handling of mango prior to processing. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 54 leaves. (unpublished).
Abstract
Postharvest handling operations performed on 'Carabao' mangoes to be utilized as raw materials
for processing were observed. Maturity, handling and disease control were found to have an
influence on the recovery of the fruits. Fruits at the mature stage developed good quality
characteristics, but immature fruits showed signs of deterioration after ripening. Disease
development was a major problem in fruits. Anthracnose and stem-end rot became apparent only at
the table ripe stage. However, hot water treatment proved to be effective in controlling anthracnose.
Handling in terms of repeated sorting cause damage through excessive vibration and impact. An
experiment was conducted regarding maturity determination. Newly harvested 'Carabao' mangoes
were subjected to floatation in different salt solutions, then subjected to hot water treatment.
Mature fruit (floaters in 1.5 percent, floaters 2.0 percent and sinkers in 2.0 percent salt solutions)
developed good eating quality while less matured ones (floaters in 1.0 percent salt solution) showed
limited eating characteristics as expressed by lower total soluble solids, higher titratable acidity and
lower pH values. The results of sensory evaluation were consistent with these observations. No
internal oe external damage was observed in to the fruits at any maturity.
00107 Maranan, H.I. 1982. Respiration and ethylene production of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.) with
internal breakdown. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 59
leaves. (unpublhed)
Abstract
`Carabao' mango fruits harvested 108 and 120 days after flower induction during the rainy
months of 1981 were studied to establish possible relationship between internal breakdown and the
rates of respiration and ethylene production. Internal breakdown at the developmental stage did
not bring significant change in the respiratory activity of the mango fruits. However, ethylene
increased significantly during this period. Immature fruits were more prone to this physiological
disorder than mature fruits. Internal breakdown coincided with an increase in titratable acidity and a
decrease in total soluble solids of ripe fruits. This experiment confirms a previous report that storage
of mango fruits in sealed polyethylene bags at ambient temperature leads to the development of
internal breakdown.
00108 Marges, H.E. 1991. Effect of temperature, duration and method of storage on the vase life of baby
aster (Aster geyeri (Gray) Howell). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,
Laguna. 35 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Baby Aster (Aster geyeri (Gray) Howell) flowers were wet and dry packed-stored, stored at 0°C,
5°C and 10°C for 5, 10 and 15 days. After each storage period, the flowers were withdrawn from
storoage and their vase life and other quality parameters were then evaluated under ambient
conditions, (28-30°C, RH 90). Aster flowers which were stored at 0°C had longer vase life than those
stored at 5°C and 10°C. Regardless of temperature, flowers stored for five days lasted longer (10
days) than those stored for ten and fifteen days (9 and 8 days, respectively). Using a visual quality
rating scale from 1 to 9, wet-stored flowers had better visual quality rating (VQR = 8.3) than those
which were stored dry (VQR = 7.6).
00109 Maza, N.S. 1990. Agricultural Engineering field practice on packinghouse operations and maintenance
at the Postharvest Horticultural Training and Research Center: a comprehensive report. BS
Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 62 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The major practice has provided the student trainee with the background on packinghouse
operations and maintenance. It also helped the student to developed discipline and right attitude
toward work. In all packinghouse operations and related activities, it is important to avoid damages
to the product especially if the commodity is perishable. After harvest, the quality can no longer be
increased but it can be maintained. It is also important to have quality control on the commodities.
The operation on mango and onions are critical because quality affects the price and storage life. The
student trainee also made some designs of packinghouse equipment. During the training period it
was learned that in the design of any engineering equipment or facilities, the capability of the
fabricator should be considered. The most important aspect is its functionality. However if it could be
made simple, it has to be simple, to be easier to fabricate. It is also important to maintain the
equipment. There should be a regular maintenance activity in any packinghouse. When any
equipment fail it should be repaired as soon as possible to avoid making it complicated.
00110 Medrana, G.T. 1974. Chemical Regulation of building behavior in garlic. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 15 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Heavier cloves gave better yield in terms of bulb size and weight irrespective of size of the
original mother bulb or stock. Soaking cloves in gibberellic acid solution elicited production of rough
bulbs, the degree of roughness increasing with higher gibberellic acid concentrations. Chemical
modification of bulbing behavior, i.e. production of rough bulbs for increasing proportion of cloves of
one-gram weight or over, is more effective on cloves from medium bulbs followed by small and large
bulbs respectively.
00111 Meim, D.D.L. 1980. Development and regulation of senescent spotting on `Bungulan' banana (Musa
sapientum L. var. suareolens Blanco, Teodoro). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
College, Laguna. 50 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Freshly harvested green `Bungulan' bananas were dipped in Ethrel (1000 ppm) and Benlate (1000
ppm) suspension and held at 20°C to observe the incidence of senescent spotting and devise ways of
minimizing its occurrence during retail. Senescent spots developed within eight days. the degree of
spotting was high when: (a) ethylene production increased, (b) respiratory activity decreased, and (c)
general ripening ensued. Developing sections of affected tissue were cultured for pathological
verification, but no pathological organism was isolated. Spotting incidence was minimized by: (a)
lowering holding temperatures from ambient conditions to 20°C, (b) packing in perforated
polyethylene bags, and (c) combining lowered holding temperatures with perforated polyethylene
bag packaging. the delay in senescent spotting ranged from 24 to 48 hours after the full yellow color
developed; where perforated polyethylene bag packaging in ambient room conditions delayed
spotting for 24 h while delay was longest when left exposed in 20°C. It is therefore recommended
that degreened `Bungulan' bananas be displayed for retail no later than the color index 5 stage
(yellow with green tips) shelved in perforated polyethylene packs (0.002 cm thick), and held in 20°C
to keep unblemished and in good eating quality for up to three days.
00112 Mendoza, A.C. 1993. In vitro culture of Heliconia Psittacorum 'parrot'. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 102 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The effect of antibiotic, organic additive and plant growth regulators on multiple shoot
formation, shoot height, weight and number of leaves produced by Heliconia psittacorum 'Parrot'
cultured in vitro using Murashige and Skoog basal medium was studied. Incorporation of 100 mg/l
streptomycin sulfate into the medium reduced bacterial contamination to 60 % as compared to 90-
100% of antibiotic-free media. Application of 150 mg/l coconut water (organic additive) did not affect
shoot growth when combined with either benzylaminopurine (BA) or kinetin (Ki). Vigorously growing
shoots with fully developed leaves regenerated in 5-10 mg/l BA were induced to produce buds after
they were detopped and sub-cultured in 10 mg/l BA. Regenerated shoots from Ki failed to produce
leaves and barely reached 1 cm high. However, combination of 1 mg/l Ki and 5-10 mg/l BA induced
multiple shoot formation after 12 weeks of culture.
00113 Mendoza, V.R.P. 1999. Banana production and managemnt at Marsman Estate Plantaion, Inc. in Sto.
Tomas, Davao del Norte. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 132
leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The major practice was conducted in the 1,305 hectares banana plantation of Marsman Estate
Plantation Inc. Located in Sto. Tomas, Davao del Norte from April to May 1999. During the major
practice the student participated in farm activities like weeding, harvesting, deflowering, fertilizing,
weed spraying, stem sanitizing, desuckering, sucker selecting, planting, desilting, harvesting, bud
injecting, bud and bunch spraying, propping, and many other activities such as mixing of chemicals,
aerial spraying and nematicide application to protect the student from any danger and chemical
exposure. Through observation and participation in various farm activities, the student was able to
understand and put into practice the principles involved in crop production that were taught inside
the classroom. Primary data were obtained through actual participation in the farm and laboratory
activities, whereas secondary data such as geographical profile, soil description, climate and other
information were obtained from municipality. Some problems were identified during the actual
participation and observation of different activities held in the plantation. All the information needed
in the cost and returns analysis were kept confidential. Instead the plantation management provided
some information regarding the expenditure cost (per ha basis) for the establishment of banana
plantation for export market.
00114 Mendoza, J.A.L. 2001. Ripening, handling and marketing of ‘saba’ banana. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 75 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The farm practice was divided into two portions: the squash peel-ripening experiment and the
handling and marketing distribution documentation. Interviews with banana wholesalers/retailers
were made concerning their current ripening practices and their reaction to the innovation of squash
peel ripening banana particularly 'Saba'. The experiment was conducted at the Postharvest
Horticulture Training and Resource Center (PHTRC), UPLB from April to May 3, 2002. The
documentation of the handling and marketing distribution of bananas, on the other hand, was done
in Roxas, Oriental Mindoro from August 16-18, 2000. The student went along with the middlemen on
their scheduled trip to Mindoro and then back to Tanauan, Batangas where they sell the bananas to
the wholesalers/retailers. During the documentation, the bananas were observed to be mishandled
and subject to multiple handling. The fruits were often thrown to the ground resulting in losses and
various postharvest quality defects (bruises, cuts, cracks, latex staining etc.). Separation of individual
fingers from the hand when dropped and over ripening of fruits were the main cause of losses in
terms of the volume of marketable fruits. Careful handling of the bananas was not practiced since the
final quality of the fruits is not evident before the fruit is fully ripe. Particularly for 'Saba', the primary
basis for price is not the quality but size. In the experiment for ripening bananas with squash peel,
newly harvested, 19-week old banana hands were enclosed inside the 'kaing' together with the
squash peel (control, 0.5g, 1.0 g and 5.0 g per finger) for 96 hours. Peel color development, softening
and ethylene evolution were monitored daily. Sensory evaluation of the treated bananas was also
conducted to determine the acceptability of technology and its effect on the eating quality of
bananas. Experimental results, on the other hand, showed significant differences between control
fruits and squash peel-treated bananas. Ripening was enhanced as evidenced by the acceleration of
peel color development and softening in treated samples. Squash peel-treated fruits reached the
marketable stage of CI 4-5 within 2-3 days after treatment, compared to control fruits. Ripening was
a result of the increases levels of ethylene within the 'kaing'. The accumulated ethylene was
produced by the squash peel and subsequently by the fruits which exhibited autocatalytic ethylene
synthesis. The fruits treated at the rate of 5 g squash peel per finger reached the minimum
concentration of 0.3-ppm ethylene in less than eight hours suggesting that a day's enclosure with this
amount of squash peel is sufficient to induce ripening of the bananas. Sensory evaluation showed no
significant differences among treatments, clearly showing that squash peel had no undesirable
effects on the eating quality of the 'Saba' bananas. An interview with several banan retailers revealed
that carburo is th commonly used ripening agent. However, some had shifted to ethrel because it is
more efficient in terms of energy, time and labor, resulting in lower cost of treatment.
00115 Mercado, J.C. 1980. The effects of fertilization and topping on the yield of two varieties of hot pepper
(Capsicum frutescens L.). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 48
leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Eighteen combinations of two varieties, three fertilization levels and three harvesting methods
were tested to determine the possibility of producing hot pepper plants with high fruit, seed and top
yields. `Tabasco' significantly produced better fruit and seed yields than `Pasete', while top yield was
observed to be the same for both varieties. With the application of 143.5-143.5-143.5 kg NPK/ha, the
two varieties tested produced the highest fruit and seed yields, followed by 73.5-73.5-73.5 kg
NPK/ha. An increase in fertilization relatively increased the weight and number of tops produced.
Untopped pepper plants produced more and heavier fruits and seeds than topped plants. Flower
removal did not significantly affect the weight and number of tops produced.
00116 Mercadero, R.D. 1998. Characterization of the physiological and physico- chemical changes in sinta
papaya (Carica papaya L.) during storage at different temperatures. University of the Philippines
Los Baños, College, Laguna. 69 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The physiological and physico-chemical changes in 'Sinta' papaya were fruits characterized and
optimum temperature requirement for storage and ripening was determined. The fruits were stored
at ambient (20C ), 25C, 20C,15C and 12C until they reach the full yellow stage. Sample fruits stored at
ambient (15C), 12C, were withdrawn weekly for 4 weeks and transferred to 25C for ripening. An
upsurge in ethylene production was observed to occur earlier than the respiratory climacteric.
Earliest respiratory and ethylene production peak occurred in fruits stored at ambient temperature
having a color index of 3 to 4 . Fruits stored at high temperature showed a more rapid peel color
change as exhibited bt fruits stored at ambient which reach the full yellow stage on the 8th day and
in the 10th and 11th day for those held at25 and 20C, respestively. Symptoms of chilling injury was
noted for fruits stored for 15C for three weeks and 12C for two weeks, thus registering a significant
higher disease incidence. Prolonged storage at low temperature decrease fruit firmness. As storage
temperature decrease, organoleptic qualities of fruits also decreased. The optimum temperature for
ripening ' Sinta papaya is 20C with the fruits attaining uniform ripening and good peel coloration. For
prolonged storage, frits can be kept at 15C for two weeks and then transferred to 25C for ripen.
00117 Mindog, E.C.A. 2005. Control of natural fruit dehiscence in durian (Durio zibethinus Murray cv.
Chanee) using fruit coatings. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.
95 leaves. (unpublished)
00118 Miraña, J.E. 2001. Growth and flowering response of French marigold (Tagetes patula cv. Sunkist)
under different concentrations of paclobutrazol. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, College, Laguna. 46 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the most suitable concentration of paclobutrazol that
would give the best dwarfing effect on French marigold cv. Sunkist, determine the effects of different
concentrations on its flowering and to establish the dose response- curve of paclobutrazol
application with regard to the flowering height control of French marigold. In general, growth control
of French marigold was not significantly different under concentrations 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50, 75 and 100
ppm, although they were significantly different with the untreated plants. Measurement of dry
weight of shoot, final length of the main stem, final height of the plant, final crown size and
internode length showed no significant differences among the 12.5- 100 ppm concentration treated
plants. In terms of lateral branch production, the highest among the treated plants were obtained
under the 50 ppm concentration resulting in more commercially attractive plants. No significant
differences among the concentration of different concentrations used in other parameters measured
like dry weight of roots, final diameter of the main stem and flower diameter were observed.
Significant differences, on the other hand, were obtained in the number of roots with the highest
value obtained in 50 ppm treated plants. All the plants regardless of the treatments, flowered earlier
than expected. Most profuse flowering and highest dry weight of flowers were in the 50 ppm
concentration of paclobutrazol. Four to eight days delay in the emergence of the first flower was
observed in 75 and 100 ppm concentrations of pactobutrazol. Number of nodes to first flower and
flower diameter also showed no significant differences among treatments.
00119 Miranda, Ma. L.L. 1985. Vase life extension of chrysanthemum (Chysanthemum morifolium
Ram.)"Yellow Taiwan" flowers with silver compounds and ethanol.BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 77 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Effects of different ethanol concentrations, different frequencies of changing solution on the
vaselife of chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. ) cv. Yellow Taiwan held under
ambient and at 20°C temperatures were evaluated. Pulse and unpulsed mature and immature
chrysanthemums treated with silver compounds before storage were likewise compared to Ag+-
treated unpulsed flowers without storage, with respect to improvement of their vaselife.
Irrespective of holding temperatures, flowers without ethanol treatment had significantly longer
vaselife 9 19.6-28.40 days ) than those treated with ethanol. Among the ethanol- treated flowers,
those treated with 10% ethanol lasted significantly longer and were better looking than the other
concentrations used, whether solutions were changed every other day or not. Flowers treated
with 10% ETOH + 5% sucrose and chenged every other day lasted the longest in the ethanol
series ( 29.6 days ). Pulsed, Ag-treated mature flowers dry-pack stored for 20 days then held in
200 ppm HQ + 0.08% citric acid + 3% sucrose lasted longest among the pulsed flowers ( 13.70
days ). unpulsed flowers lasted longer when treated with AgNO3 ( 18.40 days ). Immature
flowers lasted longer when pulsed, treated with with AgNO3, and held in 200 ppm HQ + 0.08%
citric acid + 3% sucrose ( 22.3 days ). In the whole experiment, unstored flowers lasted the
longest when held in 10% ETOH + 5% sucrose, changed every other day, and under 20°C ( 29.6
days ). Flowers pulsed and dry-packed for 20 days, lasted longest when AgNO3 was used and
held in 200 ppm HQ + 0.08% citric acid + 3% sucrose (13.70) days for mature and 22.30 days for
immature flowers.
00120 Moskito, E.A. 1986. Storage of ripe `improved pope' tomatoes in rice hull ash. BS Thesis, University of
the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 67 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Ripe (Color Index 6) `Improved Pope' tomatoes were embedded in rice hull ash of different
moisture levels and stored under ambient condition and in a drip cooler at varying periods. The fruits
in moist ash had higher visual quality rating and lesser weight loss than those stored in dry ash and
control. Shrivelling was minimal and the fruits remained firm throughout storage due to reduced
temperature and increased relative humidity inside the moist ash pile. The use of a drip cooler with
with moist ash had little advantage over moist ash storage alone in terms of weight change and
shrivelling of the fruits. However, firmer fruits were obtained from the drip cooler.
00121 Nagpala, E.G.L. 2006. Postharvest responses of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) fruits to oil-
based coatings. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 96 leaves.
(unpublished)
00122 Navarro, M.P. 2000. advocacy of improved postharvest handling system of mango to fruit retailers in
Bucal, Calamba, Laguna. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 45
leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The major practice was held at Bucal, Calamba , Laguna. The postharvest handling practices such
as improved ripening procedures, use of retail containers and control of fruit fly, and marketing of
mangoes were documented from the interviews of small-scale retailers. This provided an opportunity
for the student to apply the knowledge learned from the university, by advocating the use of
improved postharvest handling practices that may alleviate or solve the problems being encountered
by the retailers. This community experience was documented and presented. Many of the retailers
were receptive to the introduction of improved postharvest handling practices. All respondents had
no contact with change agents and were unfamiliar with informational gatherings like seminars and
field days. Not all respondents adopted the improved postharvest handling practices
00123 Ocampo, D.C. 1984. Postharvest behavior and responses to flower conditioning of different
chrysanthemum cultivars. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 47
leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The experiment was conducted at Postharvest Research Training Center (PHTRC) laboratory with
20°C room temperature to determine and compare the response of a standard type chrysanthemum,
'Little Jean' white to different holding solutions. Distilled water, 5 percent sugar, 300 ppm HQC, 100
ppm AgNO3 and combination of the latter three were used as postharvest holding solutions. the best
holding solutions found were as follows: 5 percent sugar + 300 ppm HQC for 'Little Jean' purple, 300
ppm HQC with presoaking of stems in 100 ppm AgNO3 for 10 minutes on 'Little Jean' white and 5
percent sugar with pre-soaking of stems in 100 ppm AgNO3 for 10 minutes on 'Flores de4 Manila'.
The holding solutions best for each of the cultivars exhibited an increase in flower diameter,
prolonged vaselife and had good foliage condition. With the best holding solutions found, sugar
concentration and soaking time in AgNO3 were varied. Still 5 percent sugar was good for 'Little Jean'
purple and 10 percent sugar for 'Flores de Manila'. Pre-soaking time in 100 ppm AgNO3 of 5 and 10
minutes were considered to be good for 'Little Jean' white and 'Flores de Manila', respectively. The
best holding solutions found did a great job in improving postharvest cut chrysanthemum flowers i.e.
extending vaselife, augmenting flower size and retaining good foliage condition.
00124 Olazo, E.C. 1997. A feasibility study of establishing and managing hydroponic cutflower farm in Lipa
City, Batangas. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 123 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
The cutflower industry is blessed with built-in advantages such as having tropical and sub-tropical climate, strategic location with respect to major export markets and the presence of flowers and parent materials to develop. Aside from these built-in advantages, the industry is one of the top priorities in the five-year Philippine Agricultural Development Plan of the Department of Agriculture. These advantages however are not fully enjoyed by the industry because they are faced with problems hampering the development of the industry. Some of the major problems in the industry are limited improved production technologies, inappropriate post-harvest handling practices, high transportation cost, lack of access to market information and government interventions. The study was done primarily to determine the feasibility of establishing and managing a cutflower farm, adapting hydroponics technology, in Lipa City, Batangas. The project aimed to (i) present an overview of the local cutflower industry; (ii) determine its technical and financial viability; (iii) determine the market prospects of the products; and (iv) identify potential problems with regards to technology adoption and suggest solutions to overcome these problems. The study focused on the viability of establishing a 1,200 square meter chrysanthemum-gladioli farm using the soilless farming method. Primary and secondary data were used in the conduct of the study. Interview with Interview with experts in the field of hydroponics and cutflower growing was made to obtained
primary data on production, marketing and financial aspects of the study. Secondary data were
obtained from different research institutions to support and supplement the primary data. Net
Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) and payback period were
determined to assess the financial performance of the project. The target markets of the project
would be markets centers, in Manila, Quezon City and Makati. Marketing agreements will be entered
into since sellers prefer this kind of agreement for them to have stable supply of cutflowers. This
agreement will last for two years and can be renewed 60 days before the last delivery. Payment will
be done on a cash-on-delivery basis. Although there was limited information on demand, a gap was
believed to be existing between supply and demand. It was found out that local supply was not able
to cope up with the demand especially during peak months thus; traders resorted to importation
from other countries. Based on the computed financial indicators, the project is feasible with a
computed NPV of P678,282, an IRR of 72.
00125 Olufon, K. 1977. Structure and operational efficiency in the fish produce. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. (unpublished)
00126 Ortega, M.C. 1998. Postharvest life evaluation of three tropical florist greens. BS Thesis, University of
the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 84 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The effect of different stages of leaf maturity, holding solutions, and methods of storage on the
postharvest life of three tropical florist greens (Murraya paniculata, Polypodium punctatum, and
Dracaena godseffiana cv Florida Beauty) were determined. Stage maturity had no significant effect
except for Murraya paniculata where presence of water sprouts tended to enhance senescence. Leaf
abscission was the greatest defect of Murraya paniculata. Formation of roots in Dracaena
godseffiana cv Florida beauty resulted in the extension of vaselife. More than 50% of the shoot
foliage held in tap water rooted. On the whole, holding the florist greens in distilled or tap water
proved superior over the use of preservatives. The extent of vaselife that may be obtained by using
preservatives does not compensate for the added cost. In fact, for Polypodium punctatum, use of
Florafresh in combination with Cocogrow resulted in discoloration of the leaf bases. For Murraya
paniculata, the use of MA had the most beneficial effect when coupled to dark storage. Irrespective
of the species, dark storage was generally better.
00127 Oropesa. A.M.R. 2003. Determination of rooting behavior of selected cut foliage and its effect on
their visual quality and postharvest life. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
College, Laguna. 67 leaves. (unpublished)
00128 Pacol, M.V. 2008. Postharvest behavior of different banana (Musa sp. Colla) cultivars (latundan and
señorita) dipped in 'green keeper' TM,1. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
College, Laguna. 92 leaves. (unpublished)
00129 Paderon, R.M. 19894. The use of skin coatings during storage of `Saba' banana (Musa balbisiana
Colla). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 57 leaves.
(unpublished)
00130 Payson, H.M. 1999. Modified atmosphere storage of 'Sinta' Papaya (Carica papaya cv. Sinta) under
ambient condition. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 74 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
The response of 'Sinta' papaya fruits to modified atmosphere (MA) storage under ambient
condition (32-34°C) was determined. Fruits were kept in 0.05 mm thick polyethylene bags (PEB) with
0, 4, 8, and 16 diffussion holes (DH) which after two weeks were exposed and allowed to ripen. A
study was also conducted to determine the optimum duration of storage under MA. Polyethylene
bags with 0 DH had the lowest oxygen levle (1.1- 8.1 percent) and fruits exhibited the slowest change
in peel color during storage. However, disease incidence was very high. In 4 DH bags, oxygen level
went down from 13.61 to 5.9 percent and fruits were at peel color index 3.5-4 upon removal from
the bags. Disease incidence was low and fruits remained acceptable until the 13th day. Fruits in 8 and
16 DH treatments exhibited high oxygen levels and ripening was not significantly retarded. The
optimum duration of storage under ambient condition for "Sinta' papaya is one week in 0.05 mm
thick PEB with 4 DH. The fruits ripened in 5 days were obtained in terms of weight loss, pulp color,
total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH and firmness. Sensory evaluation at the ripe stage however,
showed that MA storage decreased sweetness and characeteristic papaya flavor at the ripe stage.
00131 Peñaflor, L.A.C. 2000. Pruning methods in relation to yield, quality and postharvest extension of
sampaguita. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 57 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to determine which of the five pruning methods (unpruned
plants/control, plants reduced to 3 shoots and pruned to 30 cm, plants reduced to 3 shoots and
pruned to 60 cm, plants reduced to 6 shoots and pruned to 30 cm and plants reduced to 6 shoots and
pruned to 60 cm) will give the optimum yield, quality and postharvest extension of sampaguita
flowers. Plant responses like number of days to first flowering, time of peak flowering, number of
flowers produced, weight and size of flowers and postharvest behavior of flowers were observed and
evaluated to analyze the effects of different pruning methods. Unpruned plants flowered the earliest
and exhibited normal flowering. Pruned plants exhibited sudden increase of flower production, which
is the result of an explosion of vegetative growth when prunning is extensive. Analysis of variance on
the number and weight of flowers were significant only on the second and third month. Control
plants had the highest mean number of flowers (17.0) and mean weight of flowers (4.1 g) on the
second month while plants reduced to 3 shoots and pruned to 60 cm had the lowest mean number of
flowers (13.5) and mean weight of flowers (3.2 g). On the third month, plants reduced to 6 shoots
and pruned to 60 cm had the highest mean number of flowers (64.4) and mean weight of flowers
(18.0 g) while plants reduced to 3 shoots and pruned to 60 had the lowest mean number of flowers
(39.9) and mean weight of flowers (10.2 g). Pruned plants produced buds which were generally larger
than buds produced by unpruned plants. Flower buds were grouped and subjected to three storage
onditions, namely; exposed to 1-Methylcyclopropane (an ethylene inhibitor) for four hours and
transferred to 15°C cold room, immediately stored at 15°C cold room and stored at temperature
(25°C). Number of buds which were still closed were monitored daily. Rate of discoloration of flowers
was also observed. More buds stayed closed and fresh when immediately stored at 15°C.
00132 Punzalan, A.S. 1976. Some factors affecting the postharvest life of Miraudy cut roses. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 47 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract Vase life of unstored and dry-packed stored cut 'Mirandy' roses grown under lowland and upland
conditions were evaluated. Based on the over-all numerical score of the 4 vase-life indices used
(maturity, color quality, leaf condition and neck turgidity), lowland-grown cut flowers showed longer
vase-life than upland-grown flowers. Evaluation of different holding solutions (distilled water, 8-HOS,
citric acid, cycocel, 7-Up and silver nitrate) for the extension of vase-life of dry packed stored cut
'Mirandy' roses showed 7-Up to bethe best. Vase-life was extended to an extent equal or even better
than the vase-life of unstored blooms.
00133 Quintana, I.A.J. 1994. Growth regulation of potted chrysanthemum with alar (Succinic Acid -2, 2 -
Dimethyl Hydrazide). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 76
leaves. (unpublished)
00134 Remetio-Bote, E.M. 2001. Effect of commercially available fertilizer products on production of potted
flowering mussaenda. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 48
leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted using mussaenda cv. Dona Luz cuttings. The first study compared
the effect of five foliar fertilizers on petaloid and leaf color, on stem and peduncle length and flower
development, while the second study determined the best fertilizer dosage. Among the five fertilizers
used, only the fertilizer whose analysis is 15-15-30 had significantly increased survival rate relative to
the unfertilized control. The same fertilizer also gave improvement of petaloid color but not on stem
and peduncle length, and flower development. Result of the second experiment showed that while
all fertilized plants, irrespective of dosage, resulted in improved petaloid color, relative to the control,
the best response was obtained with the recommended dosage and twice the recommended dosage,
followed by 1/2 the recommended dosage is just as good as the recommended rate for the fertilizer
with 15-15-30 analysis.
00135 Reyes, A.B. 1994. Physio-chemical changes in 'solo' papaya (Carica papaya L.) fruits as affected by wax
treatments. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 59 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
This study was conducted to provide chemical and physiological bases on the use of wax
coatings for the 'Solo' papaya in order to maintain the quality and extend the postharvest life of the
fresh fruit. Peel color development , firmness and sensory attributes were not impaired by waxing.
Rates of respiration were significantly low in waxed compared to the control. The delay in peel color
development in waxed fruits by as much as 4 days relative to unwaxed fruits due to the delayed
attainment of the climacteric peaks in these fruits relative to the control. Weight loss was reduced
thru waxing by as much as 64% relative to unwaxed fruits. Total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable
acidity (TA) did not significantly differ among the treatments as well as on storage. Results showed
that ‘Solo’ papaya coated with mineral oil and oleate were the best edible film coatings for ‘Solo’
papaya in maintaining the quality and extending the postharvest life of the fresh fruit. Coconut oil
reduced the visual quality of the fruit due to black blemishes exhibited on the fruit surafe. Disease
incidence and severity as well as peel disorder was absent except in the coconut-oil treated fruits.
00136 Rodriguez, R.C. 1981. Refrigerated and non-refrigerated storage of red creole onion. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 49 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
A preliminary study was conducted to compare two village level storage methods ( storage by
hanging and storage in dried rice straw ) and their modifications with that of cold storage ( 0°C and
70-95% RH ) for small to medium-sized Red Creole onions ( Allium cepa L. ) with regards to weight
loss, rotting, sprouting and quality rating. The storage methods significantly influenced the percent
weight loss, rotting and sprouting but not the quality rating of the remaining good bulbs.
00137 Rodriguez, Z.A. 1999. Effects of various types of surfactants on the postharvest behavior of
chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
College, Laguna. 50 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
A study was conducted at the Postharvest Horticulture Training and Research Center to
determine the effect of various types of surfactants on the postharvest behavior of Chrysanthemum
Taiwan 'Yellow', soaking cutflowers in surfactants after storage resulted in significantly longer vaselife
and water uptake, 0.1 percent Teepol and 0.01 percent Tween 20 consistently gave the highest
values. For Chrysanthemun reagan 'White', soaking had no significant effect on the vaselife, flower
diameter, and opening index of florets. However, Tween 20 at 0.01 percent and 0.1 percent
concentration, and 0.01 percent Amazing Glaze consistently produced longer vaselife regardless of
soaking practice.
00138 Roxas, M.P. 1997. Production of rooted chrysanthemum cuttings. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 55 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Two chrysanthemum cultivars, standard yellow ('Taiwan yellow') and spray-type white ('Little
Angel') were used to determine the potential to produce number of rooted cuttings and length of
time to rooting and a harvestable cutting from flush period one to four. The cuttings were treated
with 100 ppm of indole-butyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Stem cuttings of spray-
type white cultivar treated with auxin rooted the earliest (6.50 days) and the earliest to produce a
harvestable cutting (31.0 days). Stock plants of standard yellow cultivar at 0 ppm continuously
increased the number of rooted cuttings but obtained the lowest total number of harvestable cutting
after four flushes. Spray-type white cultivar without auxin-treatment produced the highest number
of cuttings regardless of treatment after four flushes. The effect of auxin-treatment was not
significant for the same flush period in terms of number of days to rooting and days to produce a
harvestable cutting. However, spray-type white cultivar rooted the earlier compared to the standard
yellow cultivar. The highest number of harvestable cuttings resulted during third flush period in
spray-type white cultivar.
00139 Salazar, B.M. 2005. Physico-chemical and physiological bases of finger drop in nanana (Musa
acuminate cv. Cuarenta Dias) and its control. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
College, Laguna. 83 leaves. (unpublished)
00140 Salubre, Bexie B. 2000. An oil-based edible coating to extend the shelf life of cucumber (Cucumis
sativus). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 65 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of edible oils on the shelf life of
cucumber stored in ambient and 15°C storage temperatures. Cucumber fruits were coated in coconut
oil, canola oil, palm oil, soybean oil (edible oils) and a commercial wax (FMC) thinly and then stored
for two weeks. At ambient temperature, coconut oil treatment was found to be effective in
prolonging the shelf life (14 days) of cucumber as compared to the other treatments. Coconut oil-
treated cucumber on the 14th
day of storage had an acceptable sensory and visual quality rating, and
yellowing was observed much later (9 days after storage) than the other treatments.Canola oil and
soybean oil was found to be effective in prolonging the shelf life of cucumbers in cold storage (15°C).
Cucumber coated with canola oil remained disease-free and has a visual quality rating of 6 until the
14th
day of observation. However, soybean oil was considered highly acceptable in terms of sensory
attributes than canola oil-treated cucumbers. Storage at 15°C delayed the deterioration of cucumber.
Disease incidence, decline in visual rating, shriveling, yellowing and firmness were observed to be
lower at 15°C than at ambient temperature. Oil-coated or non-coated cucumber fruits did not exhibit
changes in pH, titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble sugars (TSS) during storage and at ambient and
15°C. Furthermore, although cucumber is considered a non-climacteric fruit, both coated and non-
coated fruits exhibited a climacteric-like CO2 peak.
00141 Sang, Y.T. 1963. Effects of gibberellic acid on the sprouting of dormant potatoes. BS Thesis, University
of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 45 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Treatment of Red Pontiac potatoes with various GA concentrations (1, 5 and 10 ppm) shortened
the rest period of whole and halved potato seed pieces from 7.90 days to 50.98 days. The stimulatory
effect of GA increases with concentration and period of soaking as well as with decrease in the age of
tuber from harvest. Five ppm GA and a soaking period of from 5 to 10 minutes gave the most
promising results.
00142 Santos, A.L. 2002. A farm practice report on the production and management of bedding plants at
King Louis Farm, Baguio City. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.
65 leaves. (unpublished)
00143 Santos, G.A. et al. Pre-harvest factors affecting fruit quality. 1. Mineral Nutrition. BS Thesis, University
of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. (unpublished)
Abstract
The interrelations of N, K and Ca on storage life, solids acids and other fruit characters were
determined on tomatoes (Var. `Improved Harbot') by applying varying levels of (NH4)2SO4, KCL and
CaCl2. High N and K levels shortened the storage life, whereas Ca prolonged the marketability of the
fruit. Excessive applications of N in the fruit in contrast with applied K and Ca. Fruit acidity was
increased by applying high levels of N.K and Ca. Soluble solids in the fruit increased with N and Ca
decreased with K application. Ripening and maturity were delayed by applying high levels of and
apparently not affected by Ca.
00144 Santos, Ma. B.R. 1983. Effects of detopping and three growth regulators on the suckering ability of
Anthurium andreanum cv. Duangsmorn. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
College, Laguna. 43 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The effect of plant condition and three growth regulators (Benzyladenine, kinetin and Gibberellic
acid) on the suckering ability of Anthurium andreanum cv. Duangsmorn was tested. In general,
breaking of dormancy of lateral buds was significantly greater in detopped plants with BA at 1000
ppm and 1500 ppm or kinetin at 1500 ppm also broke dormancy axillary buds in intact plants.
Benzyladenine at both concentrations were equally effective as detopping. Application of growth
regulators inhibited significantly elongation of lateral shoots markedly on detopped plants.
00145 Santos, R.A. 1979. Influence of maturity and storage temperature on physiological processes of
winged bean pods (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L) DC). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines
Los Baños, College, Laguna. 32 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Five pod maturity classes (14, 15, 16, 17 and 18) day-old) of winged bean variety TPT-2 were
stored at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25°C. Respiration rate, ethylene evolution and quality index were
determined. The respiration and ethylene evolution of all maturity clases stored at different
temperatures fluctuated with time. These fluctuations were attributed to the non-climacteric
behavior of the crop, chilling injury at low temperature and decay at high temperature. No significant
differences were observed in average respiration rate and ethylene evolution among the maturity
clases studied. Pods stored at 5 and 10°C deteriorated earlier due to chilling injury. Storage at 15 to
25°C resulted in deterioration due to decay. Among the maturity classes, 15 and 16-day old pods
were found to have the longest shelf-life at all temperatures. The optimum temperature for storage
of winged bean pods was found to be 15°C. At this temperature, respiration rate and ethylene
evolution were lower and storage life of pods were longer regardless of maturity class.
00146 Sing, J.L. 1985. A preliminary study on the anatomy of fruit set in rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum
Linn.). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 81 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
Controlled pollination was made using a `Seematjan' tree to trace the pollen tube growth and to
determine how soon is fruit set from the time of pollination. Flowers were collected at different
stages of development, killed and fixed in FAA, sectioned and stained using standard histological
procedures. In this study however, only the initial development of the embryo sac was observed due
to technical difficulties in obtaining the desired sections despite voluminous samples prepared. The
ovule of the rambutan pistil appears anatropous and bitegmic, with the inner integuments forming
the micropyle. Initiation of the embryo sac formation was 3 days after pollination and matured 3 days
later (6 days after pollination), which confirms that this stage is ready for fertilization. Future works
are suggested to ascertain processes leading to fertilization and fruit set.
00147 Sy, J.A. 1983. Pasteur effect studies on mango. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños,
College, Laguna. 24 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Newly harvested, 113 days-old `Carabao' mango fruits were used to ascertain the critical O2
concentration and the effects of different oxygen levels on the respiration of the fruits. A total of
eight oxygen levels (0, 1.5, 2.4, 3.0, 3.8 6.4, 12.1 and 21.0 percent), each representing a treatment,
were employed in a flow through system for 7 days. The set-up for establishing O2 levels by mixing
N2 gas and air was discussed and was found to be reasonably close to the theoretical or calculated
values within 10 percent variation. Oxygen consumption analyses indicated some discrepancies.
These were attributed to (1) some inherent errors in the experimental set-up that deserve further
investigation or refinements and (2) possibility of O2 production by photosynthesizing mangoes
which merits more critical research. Based on the mean daily CO2 production and the loss in weight,
the best method of storing mangoes under 20°C temperature is at 3.0 percent O2. Above and below
this level, CO2 production and weight loss increased.
00148 Tagumpay, E.A. 1991. Baby aster and gladiolus production and management in Barrio Bayog, Los
Baños, Laguna. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 52 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
Ornamental Crops Nursery and at the Fruit Crops Nursery of the Department of Horticulture,
UPLB-CA from November l988 to March l988. This phase included the identification and labelling of
ornamental plants, media preparation, potting and repotting, fertilizer application, plant propagation
and other cultural practices. The production and marketing of Baby aster and gladioulus in Bo.
Bayog, Los Baños was studied in the off-campus phase from October l990 to January l99l.
Information on the cultural methods for Baby aster and gladiolus production were obtained through
interviews with 45 randomly selected growers. The survey shows that the major problems
encountered by the growers are the high cost of production, lack of storage facilities near the farm,
wider price fluctuation of cutflowers and losses due to typhoons. It is therefore recommended that a
cooperative be formed. Through this cooperative, the growers can help one another and cut-throat
competition will be eliminated. A bigger cold storage facility should be installed aside from the
existing ones in UPLB so that growers need to go other places. This would also help the farmers
minimize on transport cost. As regards the problem on typhoon associated losses, windbreaks should
be planted to minimize the damage brought about by strong winds. Drainage canals should be
constructed and plots should be raised to minimize the effect of flooding. Technical improvement of
the present lighting practice for Baby aster must be made to reduce energy cost.
00149 Talahiban, Z.D. 2007. Assessment of the aesthetic value and growth of herbs and spices in containers
as components of the Herba Hortikultura Garden, Agri-Park, College of Agriculture, University of
the Philippines Los Baños. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 94
leaves. (unpublished)
00150 Tamayo, L.O. 1995. Effect of ethylene adsorbent on the postharvest life of Vanda 'JVB' spikes held
under modified atmosphere. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.
84 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Two laboratory experiments were conducted from June to October 1992. The first one was
directed to determine the optimum number of three-gram sachet of PHTRC ethylene adsorbent (PEA)
required to maintain flower quality during a five-day storage period at 20°C, as well as an acceptable
vaselife at ambient condition after storage. The response of two stages of maturity (75 percent open
spikes and 100 percent open spikes) was also evaluated. Storing one Vanda spike with at least two
sachets of ethylene adsorbent gave the best results in terms of vaselife. The stage of maturity of the
spikes, did not have a significant effect on cost of the parameters studied such as gas
production/consumption, visual quality rating (VQR), weight loss and vaselife. The second
experiment compared the effects of Modified Atmosphere (MA)- storage in conjunction with low
temperature storage, the use of PEA and silver thiosulfate (STS) solution. Results show that low
temperature (15°C) was not as effective in maintaing the freshness of the flowers even in conjunction
with MA, in terms of VQR, vaselife and weight loss compared to the use of PEA or STS during storage.
Control spikes reached their limit of marketability at the end of the five-day storage period at 20°C
while the rest when displayed at ambient conditions after five days of storage at 15° or 20°C, lasted
in good condition for at least six days.
00151 Teodoro, Ma. M.A. 1987. Growth and flowering responses of unstopped and stopped potted
poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrimma Willd.)cv. Plenissima to growth retardant, Alar 85. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 55 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The growth retardant, Alar 85 (N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid), was applied on poinsettia
plants to control their vegetative growth and flowering. It was found effective in reducing plant
height at about 6000 to 8000 ppm concentrations. The number of nodes was decreased and the main
stem diameter was thickened at higher concentrations of the growth retardant. There was no
observed bract development on all plants but flower buds were formed which had been aborted after
about a month. There was no apparent phytotoxic effect on plants by any of the concentrations of
Alar 85 used.
00152 Topacio, J.T. 1978. Effects of simulated handling injuries on the storage life and quality of ginger
(Zingiber officinale Roscoe). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna.
35 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
`Hawaiian' ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) rhizomes were subjected to different handling
treatments simulating the injuries incurred during the processes of digging, picking and emptying into
containers, transporting and storing to determine their effects on the storage life and quality of the
rhizomes. With time, sugar content increased and starch content generally decreased but the crude
fiber content remained constant. Rhizomes sustaining cuts, compression and abrasion injuries
exhibited the highest loss in weight, rate of respiration, decrease in starch content, visual quality
index and therefore, the shortest storage life. On the other hand, carefully-handled rhizomes had the
lowest weight loss and respiration rate but with the highest starch content and visual quality index.
Rhizomes sustaining cuts had more weight loss than those with either abrasion or compression
injuries, and the effect of cuts on the rate of respiration is comparable to the combined effects of the
two latter injuries.
00153 Torsar, M.A. 2007. Production and management of papaya in Ato Belen's Farm, Brgy. San Juan, San
Pablo City, Laguna. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 68 leaves.
(unpublished)
Abstract
The major farm practice on papaya production and management was conducted at Ato Belen’s
Farm in Brgy. San Juan, San Pablo City, Laguna from the period of May-September 2006. The farm is
owned and being managed by Mr. Renato Belen, together with his wife, Mrs. Eleanor Amante-Belen.
The farm consists of a 1.5 ha of nursery and 13-hectare orchard, which is planted to different fruit
crops like banana, lanzones, rambutan and papaya. The total area planted to papaya is 3.2 ha and is
intercropped with banana, rambutan and lanzones. Seedlings were raised inside the greenhouse and
transplanted to the filed after about 38 days from sowing. The plants were fertilized initially every
month but starting on the 5th
month, fertilizer was applied every two months until the end of its
productive year. Soil test analysis was done to determine the availability of the nutrients in the soil.
The farm is dependent on the rain for its water requirement except during the months of March and
April when plants are irrigated individually. Control of anthracnose and fruit flies was done with the
use of fungicide and insecticide. The Farm has so far produced about 60,000 marketable fruits with a
gross income of P540,000.00. Production cost was P129,799.00 giving a net income of P410,201.00 or
an average net income of P205.10 per papaya tree.
00154 Umali, B.E. 1975. Effects of wax-ethylene and wax-acetylene combinations on some postharvest
characteristics of bananas. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 24
leaves. (unpublished)
Ethylene and acetylene gases were bubbled in three types of waxes (Prima Fresh, Banana Wax,
and Traffic Grade) to find out if weight loss would be minimized in time with early ripening of
`Bungulan' bananas. Standard degreening agents like Ethephon (1000 ppm), ethylene (1000 ppm),
and CaC2 (10 gm/20 L space) were concurrently used in `Bungulan' bananas to compare their color
development, weight loss, and chemical changes with the same changes in fruits treated with waxes
and gas-wax formulations. Fruits trerated with degreening agents ripened a week earlier. Waxed
treatments delayed slightly the color development of full three-quarter bananas. However, waxed
light three-quarter fruits had significantly slower color development than the control. color
development in fruits treated with wax-ethylene and wax-acetylene formulations was not
significantly minimized by Banana Wax and Traffic Grade waxes, wax-ethylene and wax-acetylene
mixtures. Total soluble solids and titratable acidity of the fruits coated with waxes, wax-ethylene, and
wax-acetylene formulations were nearly the same as the control. However, bananas treated with
degreening agents had slightly higher solids and lower acid than control.
00155 Valdez, N.B. 1981. The use of liners to minimize the quality decline of ampalaya (Momordica
charantia L.). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 35 leaves.
(unpublished)
Ampalaya fruits from Looc, Calamba, Laguna were transported directly after harvest to the
PHTRC at College, Laguna using "kaing" that were unlined (control) and lined with banana leaves,
plastic films or newspapers to determine the effect of the use of liners on the percentage injury,
chlorophyll content, weith loss, respiration rate and visual quality index of the fruits. Percentage
injury and respiration of ampalaya fruits were reduced with the use of liners during transport. When
the fruits were stored at ambient temperature in the same containers used during transport, the use
of any of the liners slowed down chlorophyll degradation, weight loss and decline in visual quality
index. There were no significant differences due to the lining materials. When stored for more than
three days, plastic films and newspapers were more effective than banana leaves in slowing down
chlorophyll degradation and decline in visual quality index. This was due to the deterioration of the
banana leaves after three days.
00156 Valenzuela, A.L.A. 2002. Potential competition and synergism of the fungi causing the banana (Musa
sp.) crown rot complex. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 32
leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Six fungal species were isolated from diseased banana fruits obtained from fruit stands and the
market in Los Banos, Laguna. They were tested for pathogenicity and three isolates were proven to
cause crown rot. Lasiodiplodia theobromae Pat., Colletotrichum musae Berk. and Curt. and Fusarium
Sheld. were the pathogenic fungi that were identified. Among the three fungi, L. theobromae
produced the largest lesions when the fungi were inoculated individually in banana fruits. When L.
theobromae was mixed with C. musae and F. moniliforme as inoculin, the rotting caused was less
compared to the treatment with L. theobromae alone, indicating some competition among the
fungal pathogens. No differences in disease severity were observed when C. musae or F. moniliforme
were used singly as inoculum or in combination with the other pathogens. No synergism was
observed in the study.
00157 Valera, N.B. 1982. Effect of floral preservatives on the vase life of low temperature dry-packed stored
roses. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 41 leaves.
(unpublished)
00158 Valones. T.M. 1979. A major practice report in ornamental horticulture. BS Thesis, University of the
Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 44 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The major practice program was divided into two phrases: activities done on-campus
(Ornamental Horticulture Nursery) and off-campus (Bayog, Los Baños, Laguna). The student
practitioner had the chance to integrate various principles in ornamental crop production (e.g. plant
indentification, fertilization, use of plant growth regulators and postharvest treatment) and to be
exposed to practical production problems. The second phase of the study dealt on the cultural
production and marketing practices of gladiolus growers in Bayog, Los Baños, Laguna. These aspects
were analyzed in detail in order to identify socio-economic, biological and physical problems
besetting the gladiolus industry in Bayog. In general, low farm profitability resulted out of an
inefficient management and full productive land, lack of limited and high costs of hired labor. To
improve the industry, several approaches were determined - employing improved farm technology;
adjusting production to the supply and demand situation and marketing through farmers'
association.
00159 Vargas, G.V. 1995. Production and management of anthuriums in Los Baños, Laguna. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 72 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The off-campus phase of the major practice program was conducted in the municipality of Los Banos in two separate barangays, namely, Batong Malake and Putho from December 1994 up to Februaury 3, 1995. Three representative anthurium farms were selected with the following production area of 2,000, 3,200 and 10,000 sq meters, respectively. Through direct participation and observation, the different farming operations for anthurium growing such as propagation, planting, weeding, fertilization, irrigation, pesticide application, disease control, grading, harvesting, and marketing were documented. Regardless of the area of production, the three representative farms employ similar operations in production and marketing. Problems encountered were identified and appropriate solutions were recommended.
00160 Vicencio, P.G. 1974. Factors affecting physiological brown spots in bungulan bananas. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 12 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
Pre-ripening treatments, such as fungicides, temperature, ethephon, calcium carbide, volatile
adsorbers and sucrose were used to determine their effects on the severity of physiological brown-
spotting on`Bungulan' bananas. Spotting was found to be associated with chlorophyll degradation
and oxygen levels. The more yellow the fruits were (fully degreened at 70°F), the more severe the
spotting conversely, greenish yellow fruits (ripened at 82°F) produced lesser spotting. Low oxygen
levels prevented the development of spots even at full yellow stage. Exposing yellow fruits to the
atmosphere promoted the development of brown-spotswithin a few minutes, thus spotting of
`Bungulan' banana could be due to oxidation reaction. Fungicides like Benlate, Tecto 90 and
Manzate T did not affect thetime of spot appearance and degree of spotting. This confirms the
physiogenic nature of brown-spotting.
00161 Villena, Z.O. 1978. Influence of the length of the curing period on the quality and storage life of
ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,
Laguna. 35 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
`Hawaiian' ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) rhizomes were subjected to varying lengths of
curing periods ranging from 3 to l8 days at a temperature of 26.ll°C to 30°C and a relative humidity of
60% to 90%. The weight loss immediately after treatment increased with the length of the curing
period. This trend continued up to the 12th
week from harvest. On the 12th
week, the weight loss of
the rhizomes cured from 18 days was significantly higher than those of the rest. Respiration rate was
not affected although those of 3, 6 and 9 were slightly lower than that of the uncured rhizomes
which may be indicative of a longer potential storage life. The starch, sugar and fiber content of the
rhizomes were also unaffected. Variation in the visual quality of the rhizomes cured for different
number of days only because evident on the 5th
month of storage. The rhizomes cured for 9 days
were of better quality than the rest of the cured rhizomes, while those cured for 15 days were of the
lowest quality.
00162 Villodres, N.A. 1998. The postharvest behavior of saba banana subjected to waterlogged condition
during development. BS Thesis, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 72
leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
The postharvest behavior of Saba banana fruits obtained from plants in a wtarelogged area was
compared with those from plants in a well-drained area. Fruits from waterlogged plants exhibited
accelerated ripening. This was accompanied by increases in the level of 1-aminocyclopropane-
1carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene which control the onset of various physico-chemical changes
associated with ripening: color development, decrease in pulp firmness, hydrolysis of starch,
accumulation of sugars and decline in AIS content. Green-and shelf-life were also reduced compared
to fruits from plants in the well-drained area. However, apart from the rate of ripening, the
postharvest changes in Saba fruit from waterlogged plants were comparable to those observed in
fruits from well-drained areas. No abnormal lignification and phenolic build-up were observed.
00163 Vizmonte, E.V. 1982. Farm level storage of yellow granex onion using sawdust and rice hull. BS Thesis,
University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna. 25 leaves. (unpublished)
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the best number of layer of onions that may be used in
storing yellow granex onion variety using sawdust and ricehull as the storage media. The treatments
used on the study were B1 - one layer, B2 - two layers, B3 - three layers. The storage media used
were: K1 - sawdust and K2- rice hull. Results showed that the percentage marketable recoveries were
significantly different after four months of storage. Storing yellow granex onion bulbs in two layers,
using sawdust resulted in the highest recovery of marketable bulbs. On other hand, no appreciable
differences on the percentage recovery were noted in storing the bulbs or any layer and in any
storing materials used on the study. Results further revealed that onion bulbs stored in one layer
exhibited the highest percentage recovery at the end of the 12th week of storage. However,
economic analysis shows that yellow granex should not be stored beyond six weeks. Longer than six
weeks may result in a low profit. Maximum profit is calculated at its 4th week of storage using one
layer of onions and sawdust as the medium of storage.