Brain Impractical Uno
Compiled by MF Dauzvardis
Gross Brain Structures
CerebellumCovers the fourth ventricle, responsible for the initiation and planning of movement, cerebellar signs are ipsilateral, midline lobe is called vermis, highly crenated cortex is called “arbor vitae”, key cells = pyramidal, granular, and molecular
PinealSecretes melatonin, seat of the soul, biological clock?, third eye in some fishes and amphibians.
MedullaJust rostral to cervical cord, contains critical breathing centers, fed by vertebral and pica arteries (lateral wallenberg syndrome when pica is blocked)
Pons“bridge” Covered largely by the 4th ventricle and the cerebellum. Fed in part by the basilar artery, Many cortical pontine fibers end in the pontine gray nuclei which in turn project to the cerebellum via the MCP
MidbrainKey features: cerebral peduncles, aqueduct of Sylvius, substantia nigra, tectum (inferior and superior colliculi) red nucleus, CN III, IV
Fourth ventricleContains csf, choroid plexuses, foramen luscka(lateral) and magendie(medial) lead to cisterna magna and subarachnoid space. CSF leaves midbrain via aqueduct of Silvius
Aqueduct of SilviusConnects 4th ventricle to 3rd ventricle, obstruction can lead to hydrocephaly, surrounded by periaqueductal gray (PAG)—related to pain
3rd ventricleFilled with CSF, sits between thalami and enters hypothalamus, connects to lateral ventricles via foremen of monroe, contains some choroid and also the stria medullaris thalami which connect habenula to septal nuclei
TectumConsists of superior and inferior colliculi, don’t forget SLO-AIM
MedullaJust rostral to cervical cord, contains critical breathing centers, fed by vertebral and pica arteries (lateral wallenberg syndrome when pica is blocked)
Pons“bridge” Covered largely by the 4th ventricle and the cerebellum. Fed in part by the basilar artery, Many cortical pontine fibers end in the pontine gray nuclei which in turn project to the cerebellum via the MCP
MidbrainKey features: cerebral peduncles, aqueduct of Sylvius, substantia nigra, tectum (inferior and superior colliculi) red nucleus, CN III, IV
CerebellumCovers the fourth ventricle, responsible for the initiation and planning of movement, cerebellar sighs are ipsilateral, midline lobe is called vermis, highly lobulated cortex is called “arbor vitae”, key cells = pyramidal, granular, and molecular
4th ventricleContains csf, choroid plexuses, foramen luska(lateral) and magendi(medial) lead to cisterna magna and subarachnoid space. CSF leaves midbrain via aqueduct of Silvius
AqueductConnects 4th ventricle to 3rd ventricle, obstruction can lead to hydrocephaly, surrounded by periaqueductal gray (PAG)—related to pain
3rd ventricleFilled with CSF, sits between thalami and enters hypothalamus, connects to lateral ventricles via foremen of monroe, contains some choroid and also the stria medullaris thalami which connect habenula to septal nuclei
TectumConsists of superior and inferior colliculi, don’t forget SLO-AIM
Medulla
Pons
Midbrain, interpeducular fossa
Cerebellum
Temporal lobe
mammillary bodies
optic chiasm
Pia mater
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX, X, XI
Location of XII, between pyramid and olive
Blood vessels, MCA
Flocculus
Cerebellum (vermis)
Floor of 4th ventricle
Cerebellar peduclesSuperior (brachium conjunctivum), Middle (brachium pontis), Inferior (restiform body)
Superior and inferior colliculiSlo-aim--------superior colliculi, lat geniculate, optic stuff-------auditory stuff, inf colliculus,med geniculate,
Pineal
ThalamiMajor relay station for sensory information
Lateral geniculate for visual relay
Area of medial geniculate, relay for audition
Area of vestibular nuclei—remember inferior vestibular nucleus is “peppered”
Pulvinar nucleus of thalamus
Obex—opening of central canal into 4th ventricle
Cerebral peduncle—connects cerebrum to brainstem—mainly descending motor fibers. Rostrally it turns into the internal capsule
Brachium(arm) of the superior colliculus
Brachium of the inferior colliculus
3rd ventricle
Genu of corpus collosum
Anterior limb of internal capsule
Genu of internal capsule
Posterior limb of internal capsule
Splenium of corpus collosum
Visual cortex
Head of caudate
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Insula
Thalamus
Columns of fornix—hippocampus to mammilary bodies
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