EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Boundary Austria-Switzerland
Pilot Project
Austria - Switzerland
Boundary in ETRS89
Swisstopo BEV
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Project
• The project was started by the Austrian – Swiss boundary commission in the year 2003
• The purpose is to compute the coordinates of
the boundary from the national systems to ETRS89
• Only by mathematical transformations without outdoor GPS-measurements
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Advantage of ETRS
• International reference system• One reference system for the whole European Union• Technical developement GPS-measurement • Easier way to exchange geografic data• To facilitate co-operation for economy and
administration
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
The Boundary of Austria
Number of points on the boundary
27.000 marked points
40.000 not marked points
123.000 photogrammetric / digitised points
8 neighbouring countries
Total length : 2708km
Germany: 817 kmCzech Republic: 466 kmSlovakia:
107 kmHungary: 356 kmSlovenia: 330 kmItaly: 430 kmSwitzerland: 166 kmLiechtenstein: 35 km
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
The Boundary of Austria
0 25 Km 50 Km
Germany 817km
Italy
430kmSlovenia
330km
Hungary
356km
Slovakia
107km
Czech Republic
466km
Switzerland
166km
FL
35km
ETRS project with Switzerland
GPS-campaign with Italy
GPS-campaign with Germany
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Boundary Austria - Switzerland
Some data of the boundary Austria-Switzerland
• 166km length of boundary (divided in 3 sections)• 355 marks on the boundary• 220 marked points beside to the boundary• 276 not marked points• About 6000 photogrammetric digitized points (mountain
ridge)
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Boundary Austria - Switzerland
• Treaty Austria-Switzerland from 1972• Geodetic documentation of the boundary:
as part of the treaty
– Maps 1:25.000– Description– List of Coordinates
» The marks of the boundary were measured in the years 1951 to 1955 (in the mountains) and 1966 to 1968 at the Rhine
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Map 1:25.000 of the Boundary Austria-Switzerland
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Description of the Boundary Austria-Switzerland
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
List of Coordinates of the Boundary Austria-Switzerland
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Austrian Projektion „Gauß-Krüger“
elliptischer Zylinder
M28
xy
M31
xy
M34
yx
Ellipsoid Bessel
Ferro
source BEV/V1E.Imrek
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Projection of Switzerland
Some data about
the Swiss projection:
•Isogonal transversal
•Cylinder projection
•Bessel Ellispoid
•Contact circle in the direction
West-East
•Fundamental point in Bern
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Projection UTM
M9
xy
M15
yx
Grw
Ellipsoid GRS80
source BEV/V1E.Imrek
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Reference Systems
MGI Austrian traditional network MGI_hom homogenized Austrian network
LV03 Swiss traditional network (1903) LV95 homogenized Swiss network
ITRS International Terrestrial Reference SystemETRS European Terrestrial Reference System (ETRS89=ITRS89)UTM Universal Mercator Projection
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
PROCESS: Transformation National Systems to ETRS
MGI
LV03/LV95
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Methods of calculation
National Reference System ETRS
With GPS-measurements:
• GPS-Measurement of all points• GPS-Measurement of some points and computation of
all the other points with a mathematical transformation
without GPS-Measurements:
• Transformation / interpolation with a mathematical model (prediction) in an optimal and consistent way
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Problem:
Inhomogeneity of the Traditional Netpoints
Because of:
• The national networks were computed regionally not in one • Partially in some areas the design of the nets are not good
because of topographic characteristics• Methods of measurements - only few distances • Partially not including the influence of deflection vertical
between geoid and ellipsoid …..…………………..
• The regional accuracy is mostly good (cataster) but not so the absolutely (global) position, so you have to add a correction to the coordinates; the homogenous vector; in Austria the value could be up to 1 or 2m.
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Inhomogeneity of the Austrian MGI
Inhomogeneity of the controlpoints (TP) of the network1. - 3. order (long wave trend)
ca. 2000 TP 1. - 3. order
source BEV / V1
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Homogenisation of the Traditional Systems
Requirement for the project are homogenious basic data of the controlpoints:
In both countries in process: • GPS-measurement of selected
controlpoints (TP)
• computation of all GPS + terrestrial measurements:– Austria: controlpoints 1. to 5. order- Switzerland 1. to 2. order
Result homogeneous coordinates of the controlpoints
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Steps to transform coordinates to ETRS
Points of boundary:
1. step: Homogenisation - Interpolation
MGI MGI_hom (A) LV03 LV95 (CH)
2. step: Transformation
from Bessel Ellipsoid to
GRS80-Ellipsoid MGI_hom ETRS89 (A)
LV95 ETRS89 (CH)
MGI MGI_hom ETRS89 (A)
LV03 LV95 ETRS89 (CH)
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Austrian Solution
Connection between UTM and GK
system MGI
GK
Bessel
GRS80
system ITRS
UTM
X, Y, Z
X, Y, Z
x, y, h‘
orthometric height
„Traditional Austrian System“
x, y, h
GK‘ x‘, y‘, h‘
homogenious coordinate and orthometric height
7 Par
GG Geoid
Source: E.Imrek / V1)
Hom
vector for homogenizing dy, dx, dh
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Results
Table of ETRS89 coordinates: Swiss – Austrian
• Section Vorarlberg-Graubünden (mountain)• Section Vorarlberg-St. Gallen (Rhine)
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Comparison of the Results
Austria – SwitzerlandSection „Vorarlberg-Graubünden“ (mountains)
Interpolation
116 marks • 66% <= 10cm• 33% <= 11-20cm• 1 % > 20cm• arithmetical mean
ds= 9cm• variance +/-4cm• maximum 24cm
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Number
of
points
Delta s in cm
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Comparison of the Results
Austria – SwitzerlandSection „Vorarlberg-St. Gallen“ (Rhine)
Interpolation
434 points• 95% <= 10cm• 5% <= 11-17cm• arithmetical mean • ds= 6cm• variance +/-2cm• maximum 17cm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
Number
of
points
Delta s in cm
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Comparison of the Results
Austria – SwitzerlandSection „Vorarlberg-St. Gallen“ (Rhine)
and Section „Vorarlberg-Graubünden“ (mountains)Interpolation
550 points• 89% <= 10cm• 11% 11-20cm• 0,4% > 20cm arithmetical mean ds= 7cm variance +/-3cm maximum 24cm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
number
of
points
Delta s in cm
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Conclusio 1
Average accuracy values of the pointsin MGI and LV03 (surveyed by terrestrial methods)
controlpoints 1. - 3. order better than +/- 5cm
controlpoints 4.- 6. order better than +/- 7cm
Points of the the borderline and cadastre about +/- 10 – 20cm
The quality of the ETRS89-coordinates of the points can not be better than the quality of the coordinates in the documents, except there is a new measurement with GPS
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Conclusio 2
Question: How to get one common value for the coordinates of the
boundary points in ETRS89
• Because the differences of the result between the Austrian and the Swiss solution are mostly less than 10cm, it should be a possible way to get one homogenous coordinate in ETRS for every point of the borderline to calculate the arithmetical mean. Every country has to accept an average deviation of about 3 to 5 cm; this would be within the accuracy of the controlpoints.
• If the difference is more than 20cm a measurement with GPS will be necessary.
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Conclusio 3
So if• the traditional networks have a good quality at the
time of surveying the points of the boundary
and
• a new dataset for a homogenised system exists,
the transformation without GPS- measurements seems to be a good method to get a homogenised dataset for the boundary.
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Next Steps
• The coordinates of the boundary points of the last section „Tirol-Graubünden“ will be calculated soon, as well as all photogrammetric / digitised points (mountain ridge).
• The ellipsoid heights of the marked points will be computed soon from Austria
• Check of the results by measurement a few points with GPS
• In the near future the land registers will be transformed in the new homogenised system - in Switzerland in LV95 and in Austria in MGI_hom and probably also in UTM (project UTMK).
• The borderline should be determined in the ETRS89 system if possible before the land register (cadaster).
EuroBoundaries Workshop Vienna June 6-8, 2005
Helmut Meissner: Boundary Austria-Switzerland in ETRS
Thank you for your interest
Helmut Meissner
email: [email protected]
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