Bonus TriviaDNA StructureTranslationTranscriptio
nReplication
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Replication– 10 Points
• During what phase of the cell cycle does replication occur?
• S phase
Replication– 20 Points
• What is the name at which DNA begins to unwind?
• Origin of Replication
Replication– 30 Points
• What direction does replication occur in? What strand does replication occur continuously?
• 5’-3’• Leading strand
Replication– 40 Points
• What strand does not replicate continuously? What does it use to complete replication?
• Lagging Strand• Okazaki Fragments
Replication– 50 Points
• Outline the use of each enzyme in the replication process.
• Helicase- unwinds DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds• Single Stranded binding proteins- holds separated strands
apart• DNA polymerase III- add new nucleotides to complementary
strand• DNA polymerase I- replaces RNA primer with DNA• RNA Primase- adds RNA primer• DNA ligase- connects okazaki fragments
Transcription– 10 Points
• What is transcription?
• Synthesis of mRNA strand from template strand of DNA
Transcription– 20 Points
• What is the central dogma of biology?
• Info passes from genes on DNA to strands of mRNA, which determine the sequence of amino acids to produce proteins
• DNARNAprotein
Transcription– 30 Points
• What is the function of RNA polymerase?
• Separates DNA strands and adds nucleoside triphosphates to mRNA.
Transcription– 40 Points
• What is the promoter region?
• Sequence of nucleotides on DNA strand that signals for attachment of RNA polymerase and begins transcription
• TATA box
Transcription– 50 Points
• What is the difference between introns and exons? What process is used to separate the two?
• Introns are non-coding regions of DNA, exons are coding regions of DNA.
• Separated by splicing, which occurs at the end of transcription
Translation– 10 Points
• What is the process of translation?
• Process of interpreting genetic code on mRNA to form a protein
Translation– 20 Points
• What occurs during initiation?
• AUG codon signals for start of translation. tRNA molecule carrying MET binds to P site of ribosome
Translation– 30 Points
• What occurs during elongation?
• Elongation factors bring tRNA molecules to ribosomes, adding amino acid molecules to elongating polypeptide chain. Determined by sequence of nucleotides of mRNA
Translation– 40 Points
• Describe the process of termination.
• Stop codons on mRNA (UAA, UGA, UAG) signal for end of translation. Protein called release factor binds to A site, releases polypeptide chain and dissociates ribosome/mRNA complex
Translation– 50 Points
• Describe the process of translocation.
• Movement of tRNA molecules from one site of ribosome to another– tRNA in A site moves to P site, taking mRNA strand
with it– tRNA in P site moves to E site and is released– New tRNA binds to mRNA at A site
DNA structure– 10 Points
• What composes the DNA backbone?
• Deoxyribose sugars and phosphate groups
DNA structure– 20 Points
• What are the four types of nucleotides in DNA
• Adenine• Thymine• Guanine• Cytosine
DNA structure– 30 Points
• The two strands of DNA in a double helix are antiparallel, meaning what?
• Meaning that they run in opposite direction, from 5’-3’
DNA structure– 40 Points
• How do the two strands bind to form a double helix? Which bases pair together?
• By hydrogen bonds• A-T, G-C
DNA structure– 50 Points
• Compare DNA and RNA
• DNA is double stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, and thymine
• RNA is single stranded, contains ribose sugars, and uracil
Random Trivia– 10 Points
• What date did the attack on pearl harbor occur?
• December 7, 1941
Random Trivia– 20 Points
• Who was Jerry Seinfeld’s nemesis on the hit tv series Seinfeld?
• Newman
Random– 30 Points
• What is the capital city of Iowa?
• Des Moines
Random Trivia– 40 Points
• What was the first building in the world to have more than 100 floors?
• Empire State Building
Random– 50 Points
• What is the only bone in the human body that doesn’t connect with another bone?
• The Hyoid
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