Assessment and Planning of Effective Management of two MPAs in Sumatra Coast:
Sabang District MPA and Pulau Pieh National Marine Recreation Park
Ministry of Marine Affairs and FisheriesDirectorate General of Marine, Coasts and Small IslandsGovernment of the Republic of Indonesia
Indonesia’s Marine Protected Area Management Effectiveness within BOBLME
BOBLME MPA-WG Meeting – Penang, 11-12 February 2014
Background
• > 95,186 km coastline (globally 2nd longest)
• ± 17,504 islands
• 5.8 million square km EEZ (3x land area)
• Includes 37% of world’s total fish species
• Global center of marine biodiversity (e.g. > 70 genera of hard corals)
• 18% of world’s coral reefs and largest exporter of marine ornamentals in the world
• Law No 5/1990 on Conservation of Natural Resources and its Ecosystem
• Law No 31/2004 Jo Law No 45/2009 on Fisheries Management
• Law No 32/2004 on Regional Autonomy
• Law No 32/2009 on Environmental Management and Protection
• Law No 27/2007 on Integrated Coastal Zone and Small Island Management Law No. 1/2014
• Government Regulation No 68/1998 on Nature Reserves and Preservation areas
• Government Regulation No 60/2007 on Fishery Resources Conservation
• Some relevant Ministerial Decrees on MPA establishment and management
Per.17/Men/2008 MPA in Coastal and Small islandsPer.02/Men/2009 MPA Designation MechanismPer.30/Men/2010 Zoning and Management Plan
Kep.44/KP3K/2012 E-KKP3KKep.02/KP3K/2013 Boundary Marking of MPA
MPA initiative
National MPA
District-based MPA
MPA zoning system
Core Zone
Sustainable Fisheries Zone
Utilization zone
Other zones
to support sustainable
fisheries
to decentralize marine
resources management
to protect marine
biodiversity
to support sustainable
tourism
to support other
purposes4
“…degree to which management of a MPA has had a positive impact on the area’s biophysical resources and on the socio-economic and cultural aspects of the local community, which contribute to improving management performance”
Target\Year 2014 2020 2030
MMAF
Strategic Plan
Government
Commitment
CBD
Commitment
Size 15.5 Mio Ha
~ 5% of water
territory
20 Mio Ha
~ 6.5% of water
territory
10% of water
territory
~ 31 Mio Ha
Effective
Management4.5 Mio Ha 7 Mio Ha 10 Mio Ha
…to meet management objectives
INDONESIA MARINE PROTECTED AREAS
No Conservation Areas Number of Area Area (Ha)
A Initiated by MOF 32 4,694,947.55
- Marine National Parks 7 4,043,541.30
- Marine Nature Recreation Parks 14 491,248.00
- Wildlife Reserves 5 5,678.25
- Marine Nature Preserves 6 154,480.00
B Initiated by Local
Governments and MMAF
99 11,069,263,30
- Marine National Park 1 3,521,130.01
- Marine Nature Reserve 3 445,630.00
- MarineRecreation Park 6 1,541,040,20
- District Marine Protected Area 89 5,561,463,09
Total 131 15,764,210.85
Source: MMAF, Dec 2013
Mid. Dev. Target (RPJM II): 15.5 Millions Ha by 2014; 20 Million Ha by 2020
INDONESIA MARINE PROTECTED AREAS
WITHIN BOBLME AREAS
Marine Protected Areas
Bengkalis
Aceh Besar
Aceh Jaya
Agam
Padang City
INDONESIA MARINE PROTECTED AREAS
WITHIN BOBLME
No Site Name Longitude LatitudeNational
DesignationInternational
StatusEstablished
Total Area (km2)
IUCN Category
Habitat Types Has Polygon
1Batang Gasan 99.97 -0.46 District Marine Conservation Area
2010 68.4 √
2Jorong Maligi 99.57 0.06 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)
2007 0.1 VI Mangrove habitat √
3Kepulauan Banyak 97.30 2.11 Marine Nature Recreational Park
1996 2275 V mangrove √
4Kepulauan Mentawai 99.33 -1.87 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)
2006/2012 1721.9 VI Coral reefs and mangrove habitat
√
5Nias 97.25 1.48 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)
2007 290 coral reefs, mangrove habitat
√
6Nias Selatan 98.23 -0.05 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)
2008 560 Tourism, fishery, coral reefs, mangrove habitat
√
7Pulau Penyu (Pesisir Selatan) District Marine Conservation Area
100.54 -1.55 District Marine Conservation Area
2003 7.33 V √
8Pulau Pieh 100.14 -0.95 Marine Recreation Park
2000 399 V Pieh Island, adjacent reefs. Coral reefs, ornamental fish, nyph swamp area, wetland
√
9Pulau Pinang, Siumat and Simanaha (Pisisi)
96.33 2.62 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)
2006 500 VI Coral reefs, mangroves, ornamental fish, protected fish species
√
10Pulau Pini Games Reserve 98.79 0.13 Game Reserve 1996 83.5 VI √
PA ?
INDONESIA MARINE PROTECTED AREAS
WITHIN BOBLME
No Site Name Longitude Latitude National DesignationInternational
StatusEstablished
Total Area (km2)
IUCN Category
Habitat Types Has Polygon
11Pulau Ujung, Pulau Tangah, Pulau Angso and Pulau Kasiak
100.08 -0.59 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)
2006/2010 115.25 VI Coral reefs, marine biota, turtle species
√
12Pulau Weh Sabang 95.24 5.89 Nature Recreation Park
1982 39 V Mangrove, coral reef, ornamental fish, protected fish species
√
13Sabang 95.30 5.83 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)
2010 32 VI √
14Serdang Bedagai 99.50 3.77 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)
2008 12.4 Coral reefs, turtle species
√
15Tapanuli Tengah 98.63 1.63 Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)
2007 812.43 Tourism, fishery, coral reefs, mangrove habitat
√
16Aceh Besar Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)
2010 1.75 VI -
17Aceh Jaya Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)
2010 2.00 VI √
18Bengkalis Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)
2010 407.418 I Terubuk: Tenualosa macrura (toli shad/hilsa))
v
19Agam Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)
2012 0.1 VI -
20Kota Padang Local/District Marine Protected Area (KKLD)
2011 18 VI v
TOTAL MPA AREA : 7,351 KM2 735,100 HectaresKep. 59/Men/2011
Terubuk (Tenuolasa Macrura) Open-Close System
• August – Nov (13,14,15 and 16 Hijr calendar)• August – Nov (28,29,30 and 1 Hijr calendar)
CLOSED
Kep. 59/Men/2011
Anugerah E-KKP3K (E-MPA Awards) 2013: Favourite (1) and Learning (5) Awards: Sabang,
Sukabumi, Batang, Alor, Klungkung, Raja Ampat Aceleration Awards: 17 District MPA 13
TATA-KELOLA (GOVERNANCE)
BIOFISIK (BIOPHYSICAL)
SOSIO-EKONOMI (SOCIO-ECONOMIC)
FUNCTION FUNCTION
Basic principles of e-MPA
(effective MPA ~ EKKP3K)
Adaptive mgt
Scope: Macro and Micro
Main refs: Hockings et al. 2000, 2006; Pomeroy et al. 2004; Staub &
Hatziolos 2004; White et al. 2006; Carter et al. 2010; Min. Reg. 02/2009;
Min. Reg. 30/2010; Min. Reg. 17/2008
EVALUATION EFFECTIVENESS OF MARINE PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA
No. Criteria
16 Impact MPA mgt for community welfare
17 Sustainable Financing
MPA SUSTAIN
(SELF-RELIANT)
(5)
MPA Optimally Managed
(4)
MPA Managed @
Minimum
(3)
MPA Established
(2)
MPA
Initiated
(1)
1 Initiative proposal
2 Identification and inventarisation
3 Area designation
4 Management unit and staff
5 Management plan and zoning development
6 Infrastructures development
7 Budget allocation for management
8 Legalization of management plan and zoning
9 SOPs for management developed
10 Mgt operation based on mgt plan and zoning
11 MPA enactment by Minister
12 MPA boundaries marking13 Institutionalization
14 Ecosystem and resources management
15 Socio economic and culture mgt
(8)
(11)
(21)
(28)
(6)
(74)
Building block of e-MPA
16
Level
3. Green
2. Yellow
5. Gold
4. Blue
1. Red1-3 years?
3-5 years?
5-7 years?
7-10 years?
>10 years?
IMP
RO
VE
MA
NA
GEM
ENT
EFFE
CTI
VEN
ESS
Suraji et al., 2012
Pilot Sites for the Sustainable Fisheries
Management of the BOBLME Project
Sabang District MPA and Pulau Pieh National Marine Recreation Park
• To document management status of PulauPieh NMRP and Sabang District MPA.
• To measure management effectiveness levelas a basis for improving management of theseMPAs over time.
• Providing scientific information for adaptivemanagement in the future.
Objective
Profile
• The east coast of Weh Island (Sabang) has relativelyhigher marine biodiversity, live coral cover, and reeffisheries resources compared to other areas adjacentto the island (WCS, 2007).
• Strong understanding and supports from localcommunity to marine conservation has led toestablishment of Sabang District MPA,
Sabang District MPA
• Sabang District MPA was reserved in 2010 by the Decree ofMayor of Sabang City No. 729/2010
• The total area of the MPA is 3,207.98 Hectares, comprises of:– Core Zones (65.06 Hectares),
– Limited Utilization Zone (113.42 Hectares), and
– Sustainable Fisheries Zone (3,029.50 Hectares).
• MPA management body was formed and legalized by theHead of District Marine Affairs and Fisheries Office Decree No.538/10/2012
• Designated, Enacted by Minister of marine Affairs andFisheries 57/Kepmen-KP/2013, dated on 18 December 2013
Ecological ConditionsH
ard
Co
ral C
ove
r %
Live coral cover from 2009 to 2011 by management type in Weh Island (Muttaqin et al. 2011)
Management Type 2009 2010 2011
Sabang MPA 58.8 58,0 44.9
Iboih Recreation Park 40.2 38.7 34.6
Open access 42.5 47.3 46.1
• Natural factors causing damage to coral reefs include tsunami in 2004 and coral bleaching event in 2010
• Human activities inflicting damage include coastal development and the use of environmentally destructive fishing activities, such as Japanese trawl, purse seine, and cyanide.
• high demand and consumption for reef fish in Weh Island has been causing high pressure toward reef fish populations
• increasing number of fishing fleets was also other factor that could potentially lead to over-exploitation to the reef fish resources.
• Increasing visitations of tourists to east coast of Weh Island,The quality of the beaches has been decreased due to presence of unmanaged garbage
Issues on Sabang District MPA Management
ASSESSMENT PROCESS: SABANG District MPA
Workshop to assess management effectiveness of Sabang District MPA was held in capital ofAceh Province, Banda Aceh, on 12-13 June 2013
1
2 The workshop 30 participants and 6 facilitators attended the workshop
Assessment results of management effectiveness of Sabang District MPA
Ranking No. of Question No. of YES answer Percentage
Red 8 8 100%
Yellow 11 11 100%
Green 21 11 52%
Blue 28 4 14%
Gold 6 0 0%
Status E-KKP3K:YELLOW
Green 52%
Recomendation
• The management unit should improve the capacity of management functions, in this case surveillance, resource monitoring, and socio-economic and cultural monitoring.
• The management unit should develop Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for office administration and financial management.
• The management unit should develop SOP for minimum facility and infrastructure.
• The management unit should develop SOP for and implementation of institutional strengthening, join patrol, resource management, and socio-economic and cultural strengthening.
To improve management effectiveness level of Sabang District MPA towards 100% of GREEN level, the following are recommended
Pulau Pieh NRMP
• Pulau Pieh NMRP is located in West Sumatra Provinceand under jurisdiction of three districts, i.e. Padang City,Pariaman City, and Padang Pariaman District
• The Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries designatedPulau Pieh and the surrounding areas as National MarineRecreation Park through Decree No. KEP.70/MEN/2009.
• The Recreation Park, which covers an area of 39,900Hectares, is home of various protected species such asturtles, sharks, whales, dolphins, and giant clam.
Ecological Conditions
LocationLive coral cover Category
2010 2011 2010 2011
Pulau Bando 43,45% 48,1 % Damage Damage
Pulau Pieh 22,48% 31,2 % Severely Damage Damage
Pulau Pandan 19,23% 26,8 % Severely Damage Damage
Pulau Air 16,66% 26,0 % Severely Damage Damage
Pulau Toran 18,59% 28,0 % Severely Damage Damage
Issues of Pulau Pieh NMRP management
There are several major issues that influence effective management of Pulau PiehNMRP.
• Coral reef degradation
• Exploitation of protected marine species
• Conversion of island’s habitats
• Natural disaster
• Beach erosion
• Infrastructure limitation for MPA management
• Community awareness
ASSESSMENT PROCESS: PULAU PIEH National Marine Recreation Park
Workshop to assess management effectiveness of Pulau Pieh NMRP was held in Padang, the capital of West Sumatra Province, on 15-16 July 2013.
1
2 The workshop was attended by 28 participants and 5 facilitators
Assessment results of management effectiveness of Pulau Pieh National Marine Recreation Park
Ranking No. of
Question
No. of YES
answer
Percentage
Red 8 8 100%
Yellow 11 11 100%
Green 21 12 43%
Blue 28 4 8%
Gold 6 0 0%
Status E-KKP3K:YELLOW
Green 43%
Recomendation
• The management unit should achieve adequate number and qualifications of MPA managers
• The management unit should meet adequate facilities and infrastructure to support MPA management
• The management unit should legalize the management and zoning plan document.
• The management unit should prepare for Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for office operational and MPA management
• The management unit should execute the management and zoning plans
To improve management effectiveness level of Pulau Pieh NMRP District MPA towards 100% of green level, the following are recommended
NEXT CHALLENGES
• Strenghtening Management Unit of MPAs• Developing Zoning and Management Plan of MPAs• Conduct Monitoring of Ecology, Econimic and Sosio-cultural• Support policies and guideline to improve management of MPAs• Ensure benefit of MPAs on Fisheries and Tourism• Collaborative Management• Community Empowerment• MPA Networks• Sustainable financing schemes to suport management of MPAs• Conservation management for Charismatic Species,
endangered and endemic aquatic species
• Evaluation of MPA Management Effectiveness to All MPA Within BOBLME • Pilot of Collaborative and MPA Networks Management for BOBLME
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