BLOOD BANK

By:Morgan Kuhn

And Jessi Vaught

Terminology• Antibody- Protein produced by exposure to antigen.• Antigen- Substance that stimulates the formation of

antibodies.• Antiserum- Serum containing antibodies.• Blood Group- Classification based on the presence

or absence of A or B antigens on the red blood cells.• Blood Type- Classification based on the presence or

absence of the Rh (D) antigen on the red blood cells.

Antibody Antigen

Blood Group

Blood Type

Terminology Continued…

• Compatibility Test/ Crossmatch- Procedure that matches patient and donor blood prior to a transfusion.

• Cryoprecipitate- Component of fresh plasma that contains clotting factors.

• Fresh Frozen Plasma- Plasma collected from a unit of blood and immediately frozen.

• Immunohematology- The study of blood cell antigens and their antibodies.

• Packed Cells(RBCs) – Blood from which the plasma has been removed.

• Platelet Concentrate- Platelets from several units of blood combined in a single packet.

• Unit of Blood- 405 to 495 ml of blood collected from a donor for a transfusion.

Compatibility Test

Crossmatch

CryoprecipitateImmunohematology

Packed Cells (RBCs)

Unit of Blood

Fresh Frozen Plasma

Abbrevations

• Ab- Antibody• ABO- Blood Groups• Ag- Antigen• AHG- Antihuman Globulin• BB- Blood Bank• CPD-A- Citrate Phosphate Dextrose Adenine• DAT- Direct Antihuman Globulin (AHG) Test• Rh- The D ( Rhesus) Antigen on Red Blood Cells• T & C- Type and Crossmatch• X-match- Crossmatch (compatibility test)

What is the Blood Bank?• Part of the laboratory.• Blood is collected • Blood is stored• Blood is prepared for transfusion• The Blood Bank is also called the

Immunohematology because the testing procedures involve red blood cellantigens (Ag) and antibodies (Ab).

What happens in the Blood Bank?• Patients and donors are tested for:

• Blood Group • (ABO)• Rh• The presence and identity of abnormal

antibodies.• Compatibility for use in a transfusion.

• Units of blood are collected from donors, tested for:• Blood-borne Pathogens• Hepatitis Viruses• Human Immunodeficiency virus

• Units of blood are stored for transfusions.• Donor Blood can be separated in components such as:

• Packed Cells• Platelets• Fresh Frozen Plasma• Cryoprecipitate

What happens in Blood Banks Continued…

• Donor blood is stored separately.• It is used for patients with specific needs.• Patients may come to the blood bank to donate their own blood so that

they can receive an autologous transfusion if blood is needed during surgery.

• Blood Bank specimens are collected in plain red or pink top tubes.• Serum separator tubes containing gel are not acceptable , the gel coat

will coat the red blood cells and interfere with testing.• Hemolysis will also interfere with the interpretation of test results.• Patient identification is critical in the blood bank• Phlebotomists must carefully follow all patient identification and

specimen labeling procedures to ensure that a patient does not receive a transfusion with an incompatible blood type.

What are some test that are performed in the Blood Bank Section?

• Tests that are most frequently performed and their function:• Antibody (Ab) Screen- It detects abnormal

Antibodies.• Direct antihuman globulin test (DAT)- It detects

abnormal antibodies on red blood cells.• Group and Type- ABO and Rh typing.• Panel- Identifies abnormal antibodies.• Type and crossmatch (T&C)- ABO, Rh typing, and

compatibility test.• Type and screen- ABO, Rh typing, and antibody

screen.