BIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz,
Austria TEL.: +43 (316) 481300 FAX: +43 (316) 4813004 E-MAIL:
[email protected] HOMEPAGE: http://www.bios-bioenergy.at
Project GREEN BARBADOS Electricity from Biomass A competitive
alternative for base load electricity production in large-scale
applications and an interesting opportunity for small-scale CHP
systems Ingwald Obernberger Peter Thonhofer
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz 2 Overview
BIOS a short introduction Biomass a renewable energy source Biomass
to power large-scale applications Examples of large-scale power
plants Biomass combined heat and power small-scale applications
Example for a small-scale CHP plant The role of biomass to power
within the GREEN BARBADOS project Summary and conclusions
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz BIOS a
short introduction 3
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz 4 BIOS -
Company information BIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH, founded in 1995,
is an internationally active R&D and engineering company with
the main focus on bioenergy applications such as District heating
Process heating and cooling CHP (combined heat and power)
applications CHCP (combined heat, cooling and power) applications
Pelletizing plants Hybrid (biomass/solar) plants
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz 5 BIOS
selected references 40 biomass CHP and CHCP plants based on ORC,
steam turbine, screw- type engine, Stirling engine, vegetable oil
and biogas including hybrid plants 9 plants for waste heat
utilisation 13 biomass district heating plants 3 pellet production
plants 3 cooling plants (absorption chillers and heat pumps) more
than 25 CFD simulation projects (development, design &
optimisation of biomass combustion and gasification systems) Lienz
/ A CHP plant & district heating Marstal / DK CHP plant &
solar heating Fussach / A CHCP plant
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Biomass a
renewable energy source 6
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Biomass a
renewable energy source Biomass is a renewable energy source as
long as it is used sustainably (the harvested amount must not
exceed the growth) Advantages of using biomass: Biomass is
chemically stored solar energy thus, in contrast to wind or solar
power it can be used on demand Biomass is the renewable energy
source with the highest short- and medium-term application
potential Prices of biomass are considerably more stable and lower
than of fossil fuels 7
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Energetic
biomass utilization - carbon and mineral cycle 8 energy generation
CO 2 emissions Combustion residue biomass ash Recycling of ash back
to forest or short rotation coppice plantations Uptake of nutrients
contained in the ash CO 2 uptake via photosynthesis Biomass for
(bound CO 2 and minerals)
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Biomass
utilization example Austria Total in 2011: 1,427 PJ; share of
renewables: 28.2% Target for 2020: 34% of renewables 9 Source:
Austrian Biomass Association, 2013: Basic data Bioenergy
Austria
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Renewable
energies and bioenergy in Austria Source: Austrian Biomass
Association, 2013: Basic data Bioenergy Austria 10 Contribution of
renewable energy sources to the gross energy consumption in 2011
[PJ] Contribution of different sections on the total bioenergy
utilisation in 2011 [PJ]
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Percentage
of the primary EU27 energy consumption covered by renewable energy
sources 11 EU27 2020 targets: 20% renewable energy in gross final
energy consumption cutting greenhouse gases by 20% reducing energy
consumption by 20% through increased energy efficiency
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Worldwide
energy consumption 12 Overall (2011) Electricity production (2013)
Source: World Biomass Association
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Fuels used
in biomass combustion plants Woody biomass fuels Bark Industrial
wood chips Sawdust Forest wood chips Short rotation coppice Waste
wood Pellets, briquettes Herbaceous biomass fuels Straw, cereals
Grasses (miscanthus, giant reed) Alternative biomass fuels Kernels,
shells, rice husks etc. 13
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Fuel
selection and appropriate conversion technology The selection of
biomass fuel sources is important since the fuel quality differs
from species to species As a consequence, the biomass conversion
technology needs to be adapted to the fuels available 14
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Biomass to
power large-scale applications 15
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz
Technologies for industrial biomass combustion up to 50 MWth >
20 MWth> 30 MWth all sizes 16
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Biomass to
power applications characteristics & combustion technologies
(I) Large-scale biomass to power applications > 20 MWe power
output Power generation only (excess heat is cooled off) Net
electric efficiency: > 30% Combustion technologies: Bubbling
fluidised bed combustion (BFBC) Circulating fluidised bed
combustion (CFBC) Pulverized fuel combustion Power generation
technology Steam turbine 17 BFBCCFBC
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Examples
of large-scale power plants 18
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz
Large-scale power plants (I) Wilton 10 power plant: Location:
Middlesborough, England Start of operation: 2007 Power output: 35
MWe; net electric efficiency (based on NCV): 30% Combined heat and
power production (currently power only) Technology: Bubbling
fluidized bed combustion, steam boiler, (520C/120 bar) steam
turbine Fuel demand: 300,000 t (wet basis) such as forest residues,
wood processing residues, waste wood, short rotation coppice Fuel
logistics: fuel supply by truck & rail, storage capacities for
14 days, fuels are either delivered ready to use or are processed
on site Investment costs: 64 million 19
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz
Large-scale power plants (II) Wilton 10 power plant: process
diagram 20
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz
Large-scale power plants (III) Steven's Croft biomass power
station: Location: Lockerbie, Scotland Start of operation: 2007
Power only Power output: 44 MWe, net electric efficiency (based on
NCV): 29% Technology: Bubbling fluidized bed combustion, steam
boiler (537C/137 bar), steam turbine Fuel demand: 480,000 t (wet
basis) Fuels used: forest wood and agricultural residues, urban
wastes and short rotation coppice Fuel logistics: fuel supply by
truck, storage capacities for 14 days, fuels are either delivered
ready to use or are processed on site Investment costs: 90 million
21
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz
Large-scale power plants (IV) Aerial view Steven's Croft biomass
power station: 22 Boiler house Fuel storage (10,000 m) Fuel
processing Condenser Main round wood storage area Chipped wood
storage area
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz
Large-scale power plants (V) Polaniec, Poland 205 MWe, circulating
fluidized bed combustion, steam boiler (565C/127 bar), steam
turbine Power only, net electric efficiency (based on NCV): 36.5%
Fuel demand 1,110,000 t/a (wood chips and agricultural residues)
Fuel logistics: fuel supply by ship, truck & rail, fuels are
stored and processed on site Simmering, Austria 17 MWe (CHP mode),
bubbling fluidized bed combustion, steam boiler (520C/118 bar),
steam turbine Combined heat and power production, net electric
efficiency: 27%, thermal efficiency: 59%, total efficiency: 86%
Fuel demand 130,000 t/a (wood chips); fuel supply by ship, fuels
are stored and processed on site 23
BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Biomass
CHP applications characteristics & combustion technologies (I)
Small-scale biomass CHP applications 20 - 200 kWe power output
Combined heat and power generation only (in combination with
process or district heating) Net electric efficiency: 5 15% Thermal
efficiency: 70 80% Overall efficiency: up to 90% Combustion
technology: Fixed bed (grate) combustion Power generation
technology Organic Rankine Cycle (CraftEngine) 25 CraftEngine
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Biomass
CHP applications characteristics & combustion technologies (II)
Plant layout grate furnace with pressurized hot water boiler and
CraftEngine 26
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Correct
dimensioning of a biomass CHP plant A minimum of 5,000 full load
operating hours is a target for an economic operation of CHP plants
a correct dimensioning based on local constraints is important! 27
Nominal thermal power BM - CHP Thermal output of the CHP plant in
%
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz The role
of biomass to power within the GREEN BARBADOS project 28
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Basic
principles for green energy production Use an efficient mix of
renewables Biomass Solar Wind Geothermal energy Waste Utilize the
optimisation potential regarding energy savings and efficiency
improvements Efficient energy generation Efficient energy
distribution Efficient energy utilization 29
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Potential
fuel sources for GREEN BARBADOS Pellets Transport per ship from
North America Industrial wood chips Local sawmills (if available)
Transport per ship from North and South America Short rotation
coppice From local agricultural land (e.g. former sugar cane
plantations) Yield dependent on local conditions (typical yields
vary between 10 and 30 t/ha*a (dry basis)) 30
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Biomass to
power within GREEN BARBADOS (I) Biomass to power - large-scale
application: Centralized power generation providing base load power
by replacing conventional fossil fuels (e.g. diesel) Continuous
operation at full load to minimize power generating costs Biomass
fuel supply by ship transport Biomass fuel supply may also serve
decentralized small- scale CHP applications Combination of biomass
and solar power possible 31
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Biomass to
power within GREEN BARBADOS (II) Scenario for a large-scale biomass
power plant: Average power demand Barbados: 120 MWe Peak power
demand Barbados: 157 MWe Base load coverage by biomass power plant:
50 MWe Technology: fluidized bed combustion with steam boiler and
steam turbine Target net electric efficiency: 35% Full load
operating hours per year: 8,000 h Annual electricity production:
400 GWh (about 40 to 45% of the annual demand) Fuels used: pellets,
industrial wood chips, short rotation coppice Fuel demand: from
250,000 t/a (wet basis, pellets) to 500,000 t/a (wet basis,
industrial wood chips) 32
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Biomass to
power within GREEN BARBADOS (III) Biomass CHP - small-scale
application: Decentralized units with combined heat/cold and power
generation Operation at sites with rather permanent power and
heat/cold demand providing power and reducing the electricity
demand for chilling/cooling The size of the small-scale
applications is dependent on the local heating (e.g. for drying
processes) or chilling/cooling (process cooling, space cooling)
demand Heat controlled operation: Heat is the main product and
power a valuable by-product Buffer tanks for an intermediate heat
storage can be meaningful to avoid load fluctuations 33
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Biomass to
power within GREEN BARBADOS (IV) Scenario for a small-scale biomass
CHP plant: Power output: 30 kW e, Heat output: 400 kW th
Technology: fixed bed combustion (grate furnace) with pressurized
hot water boiler and CraftEngine Target net electric efficiency: 6
- 8% (based on fuel input NCV), thermal efficiency: 80 - 82%,
overall plant efficiency: 88% Full load operating hours per year:
5,000 h Annual electricity production: 150 MWh e Annual heat
production: 2,000 MWh th (flow temperature 81C, return temperature
70C) potential use for drying or cooling/chilling processes Fuels
used: pellets, industrial wood chips, short rotation coppice Fuel
demand: from 530 t/a (pellets) to 1,000 t/a (industrial wood chips)
34
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz Summary
and conclusions Biomass is an important renewable energy source
with the highest short- and medium-term application potential
world-wide Biomass to power and biomass CHP applications represent
state-of-the-art renewable energy solutions Potential fuel sources
for GREEN BARBADOS are pellets, industrial wood chips and short
rotation coppice Two potential application options have been
identified: Large-scale power plant for national base load power
coverage Decentralized small-scale CHP plants for power and heat
generation for locations with power and heat/cooling/chilling
demand 35
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz 36 For
further information, please visit our website at:
www.bios-bioenergy.at or send an e-mail to:
[email protected] Thank you very much for your
attention!