Download - Biomolecules - Carbs and Lipids

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Modern Cell Theory• All organisms are made up of

cells.• New cells are always produced

from pre-existing cells.• The cell is a structural and

functional unit of all living things.

Modern Cell Theory• The cell contains hereditary

information which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division.• All cells are basically the same in

chemical composition and metabolic activities.

Biomolecules

Essential Elements of Life

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen – 96%

Molecules

Joined together by chemical bonds

Sometimes, molecules bond to

form very large structures called macromolecules

DNA is an example of a macromolecule.

Some macromolecules are made of the same repeating

units (molecules). These are called

polymers.

Each repeating unit in a polymer is

called a monomer.

Macromolecules ARE VERY LARGE

NOT a polymer macromolecule

POLYMER!

molecules* that are produced by a living organism

Biomolecules

*commonly macromolecules

LipidsProteins

Nucleic AcidsCarbohydrates

Lipids – NOT a Polymer Proteins - Polymer

Nucleic Acids - PolymerCarbohydrates - Polymer

Carbohydrates

CarbohydratesThey are used

for energy production, storage, and for structure.

Carbohydrates

MonosaccharideDisaccharide

Polysaccharide

Carbohydrates

MonosaccharideSimplest carbs

MonomersEnergy for cells

Formula: Multiples of CH2O

Carbohydrates

MonosaccharideGlucose

FructoseGalactose

Ribose

Carbohydrates

DisaccharideTwo monosaccharides

joined together by a glycosidic bond

MaltoseGlucose + Glucose

LactoseGlucose + Galactose

SucroseGlucose + Fructose

Carbohydrates

Polysaccharidepolymers of sugars that

have storage and structural roles

Amylose / Starch-plants

Storage Polysaccharides

Glycogen-animals and fungi

Cellulose-plants

Structural Polysaccharides

Chitin- insects, crustaceans

Lipids

Lipids

They are used for energy

storage, cell signalling, and for structure.

Lipids

Fats, Oils, WaxesPhospholipids

Steroids

Lipids

Fats & OilsMade up of triglycerides

Stored in adiposeCushions organs

Lipids

PhospholipidsMajor components of

cell membranesof various organisms

Phospholipid

Phospholipid Bilayer

Lipids

SteroidsChemical basis of many

animal hormones