Biomass to Hydrogen Power
Clean Energy Systems & Green Hydrogen
Proton Power Inc.
487 Sam Rayburn Parkway Lenoir City, TN 37771
Kelly Burnham
Tel: (250) 878-4094 Fax: (250) 862-9727
[email protected] www.protonpowerinc.com
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• Neutron Absorbers For Nuclear Power Plants – Al2O3-B4C Burnable Neutron Absorbers – B4C Control Rod Material
• Test Reactor Fuel Radioisotopes for 10 Million People • Aircraft Brakes For Boeing 767, 777 & Military Aircraft • First 2800C Production Furnaces
– High Strength, High Modulus Carbon Fibers
• Ceramic Punch Technology – Coors Beer Cans – The World’s Thinnest
• 2005: Renewable Energy CHyP (Cellulose to Hydrogen Power) 2009: Proton Power, Inc.
Technology History
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Company History
2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008
Prototypes
PPI Started Oct, 2005
Sale of UT Unit
Wampler’s Order
Bought LC PLant
Wampler’s Startup
1st Liquid Fuels Order
2nd Liquid Fuels Order
Bought Rockwood Plant
P1 P2 P3 P5
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“The Farm”
• Original site of engineering, design and laboratory
• Work began in 2008
• 4800 ft2 office, 3000 ft2 lab • 26 acres available for expansion • Lenoir City, TN
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CHyP Assembly & Testing Facility
• CHyP assembly, performance
testing, emissions testing,
genset testing
• HQ, engineering, design
• Purchased in February, 2012
• First shipment in March, 2013
• 20,000 ft2 manufacturing, 3,000
ft2 office
• 3 acres available for expansion
• Lenoir City, TN
Every Unit Factory Run-Tested
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Liquid Fuels Facility
• Liquid fuels fabrication,
assembly and testing
• Engineering and design
• Pilot fuels plant
• 4.3 M gal/yr fuels plant
• 48,000 ft2 manufacturing, 7000
ft2 office on 83 acre site
Every Unit Factory Run-Tested
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Cellulose To Hydrogen Power (CHyP)
Electricity
Liquid Fuels
Water
Heat
Biochar
We Take This…
…And Make This…
In A Way That Is Carbon Negative
Energy Crops
MSW
Woody Waste
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How The CHyP System Works
1. Biomass processing system prepares feedstock – 45% maximum moisture content – 6-10mm chip sizes
2. Biomass broken down in pyrolysis process in CHyP – Heated to 1000C in absence of oxygen
3. Syngas cleaned by recirculating through incoming biomass – Tars, particulates removed
4. Syngas and biochar exit the CHyP – ~96% syngas, ~4% biochar
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Advantages Of The CHyP Process
• 65% H2, 30% CO2, <5% CO in syngas (easily adjustable) – Highest hydrogen content of any syngas
• Up to 45% biomass moisture content acceptable – No need for expensive and energy-intensive drying process
• Insignificant amounts of tars, particulates in syngas – No need for expensive and energy-intensive clean-up
• ~96% syngas, ~4% biochar – High quality biochar is valuable co-product
• One tonne of biomass yields 150 kg of hydrogen – 5x the yield of most competitors
• 1 patent granted, 8 patents in process – This is different than anything else
Low Capital, Production Costs Excellent ROIs
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Features & Benefits
• Cellulosic fuel is renewable and sustainable • Process is carbon neutral or can be negative • Designed for Continuous Operation • CHyP system can provide energy all ways energy used:
Heat, Electricity, and Liquid Fuel • Small footprint allows remote locations • Syngas on-demand – no need for storage • Systems are scalable upward from 250 kWe
A Renewable Energy System That Makes Sense
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Independently Verified
Gas Composition Testing By Shaw Environmental Group
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Allowable Biomass Types
• Tested over 50 types • Woody Waste • Paper, Cardboard • Energy Crops • Plastics (6 of 7) • Construction & Demolition Debris • Railroad Ties
Cellulose
38-50%
Hemi-
Cellulose 23-32%
Lignin 15-25%
Other
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• Municipal Solid Waste – Properly processed, works well in CHyP – Financially-challenged – reduction is the issue – Chlorine is an issue – from salt in foods
• Bio-Solids (Manure) • Tires
Biomass “On The Bubble”
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Biomass Successfully Tested By PPI
• Miscanthus • Switchgrass • Railroad Ties - Borate,
Creosote & QNAP coatings • Green Urban Waste - Yard
Trimmings • Paper Mill Waste • Cotton Gin Trash • Municipal Solid Waste -
Compost & Autoclave • Palm Fronds • Cedar Tow • Grass Hay
• Mesquite • Red Oak • White Oak • Flooring Waste - Hardwood
Flour & Nylon Carpet • Spruce • Poplar • Lint • Palm Kernel Shells • Empty Fruit Bunches • Bamboo • Mixed Paper • Corn Stover
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Co-Product is Biochar
• Produced when organic matter (biomass) is thermally decomposed in a limited oxygen environment
• Biochar is NOT ash • Very stable soil amendment, rich in Organic C • Highly Porous • Improves fertilizer efficiency • Acts as a liming agent • Raises the pH of acidic soils • Improves cat-ion exchange capacity • Improves nitrogen cycle reactions
– Ammonification – Nitrifications
• Sells for ~ $750/ton • Has heating value (it burns!)
Biochar
O
O
.c
c.
c.
.c
c.
Cellulose
H2, CO, CH4, CO2
Gas
Bio-oil
O
OHOH
OHOCH2
O
HOHO
OCH2OH
O
OHOH
OHOCH2
O
HOHO
OCH2OH
O
OHOH
OHOCH2
O
OHOH
OHOCH2
O
HOHO
OCH2OH
O
HOHO
OCH2OH
O
OHOH
OHOCH2
O
OHOH
OHOCH2
O
HOHO
OCH2OH
O
HOHO
OCH2OH
H2O
Corn stover Bio-oil
Biochar Gas
+ + ~500°C
(~22 GJ m-3) (~1.5 GJ m-3) (~21 MJ kg-1) (~6 MJ kg-1)
Fast Pyrolysis
Lehmann Joseph 2009
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CHyP Applications
• Electricity Generation • Combined Heat & Power • Diesel Supplementation • Distributed Renewable Gas • Synthetic Fuels • Fuel Cells • Green Ammonia • Organic Glycol • Hydrogen Boilers
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Combined Heat & Power (CHP)
• 1200 kWh per tonne of biomass (measured bone dry) • Combustion byproduct is mostly water & 4% biochar • CHyP syngas output can be varied for genset operation
– 40% H2 / 40% CO / 10% CO2 / 10% CH4 – Energy content up to 400 Btu/scfm – 25 to 30% derate on ICE
• Systems scalable upward from 250 kWe
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Wampler’s Project
• First Commercial CHyP Power Project • 0.75 MWe biomass to power plant • (2) PPI 500 kWe CHyP units • (3) Caterpillar G3412 natural gas engines • Feedstock Switchgrass
4/11/13
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Incentives
• Grants • Investment Tax Credits • Production Tax Credits • Renewable Energy Credits • Loan Programs • Carbon Tax Avoidance • Carbon Offsets
Source: http://www.dsireusa.org/
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Works best when…
• Reliable source of low-cost biomass in vicinity • Expensive electricity • Larger systems • Low labor cost or existing personnel • Serves base electrical load • Can get by with no redundancy (small systems) • Location with high incentive programs
• Is diesel supplementation a viable alternative?
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Diesel Supplementation
• Lowest capital cost - uses Existing Assets (no new engines) • Redundant Fuel Systems (diesel + syngas) • Reduced Exhaust Emissions • Biomass Moisture Content up to 45% • Up to 70% reduction in diesel fuel consumption • Variable gas output to match engine load • Systems are scalable upward from 250 kWe • Simple Carburetion Valve, O2 Sensor & Controls
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Distributed Renewable Gas
• Low capital cost • No special equipment - utilizes conventional Boilers & Furnaces • Variable syngas output to match the load • Syngas Energy Content up to 400 Btu/scfm (14.16 MJ/nm3) • Biomass Moisture Content up to 45% • Systems are scalable upward from 15,000 ft3/h (425 m3/h) • <Half the CAPEX of a conventional hydronic District Heating network
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Synthetic Fuels
• High Cetane Rating, Flash Point & Conductivity • Low Sulfur & Ash Content • Comparable to ASTM-D975 – No.1 S15 Diesel (tank ready) • Scalable up from 10,000 liter/day (870,000 gal/yr or 63 bpd) • Small footprint ~ 1.5 acres for 10,000 l/d plant • 30% yield & $75/ton biomass 94 gal @ $4.25/gal diesel = $400. • Production Cost of ~ $1.75/gal
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4.8M Gal/Yr Synthetic Fuels Facility
Biomass Storage Biomass Transfer
Green Diesel Storage & Loading
CHyP Syngas Production
Biochar Storage & Loading
Synthetic Fuels Production
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Incentives
• RIN (Renewable Identification Number) – Based on renewable content of process – CHyP: 1.7 RINs per gallon – RIN value ~ $0.75/RIN (Mar 2013)
• http://www.progressivefuelslimited.com/Web_Data/pfldaily.pdf • http://www.aeltracker.org/
– CHyP RIN value = $1.275/gal • USDA grants and loans • Renewable fuel tax credits
– 30% tax credit over 10 years • Additional incentives vary state-to-state • Carbon Intensity Reduction
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Works best when…
• Lots of biomass is available • Fuel costs are high • Biomass costs are low • Larger systems • Low labor cost or existing personnel • Markets are close.
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PPI Renewable Energy Development
• Run prototypes for 4 years producing hydrogen syngas • Delivered equipment producing bio-oil (2 yrs) • Delivered first commercial power project (2013) • Produced tank ready diesel from Switchgrass (2014) • Testing woody biomass for fuel system • Testing more feedstocks – tires, bio-solids • Building 2500 liter/day (250,000 gal/yr) pilot fuel plant • First released order for 50k lpd (4.8M gal/yr) in design • $1B order backlog
Proton Power, Inc.
487 Sam Rayburn Parkway Lenoir City, TN 37771
Thanks For Your Time & Interest
Kelly Burnham
Tel: (250) 878-4094 Fax: (250) 862-9727
[email protected] www.protonpowerinc.com
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