BiologyBiology
Day 1Day 1
Solving Problems Using a Scientific Solving Problems Using a Scientific ApproachApproach
Scientific MethodScientific Method ProblemProblem HypothesisHypothesis ExperimentExperiment AnalysisAnalysis ConclusionConclusion
Parts of an ExperimentParts of an Experiment VariablesVariables
Independent – changed by youIndependent – changed by you Dependent – changed by to Dependent – changed by to
independentindependent Constant – stay the sameConstant – stay the same Control – for comparisonControl – for comparison
Organisms – Living organisms are diverse Organisms – Living organisms are diverse but share certain characteristicsbut share certain characteristics
Properties of Life – Seven themes unify the Properties of Life – Seven themes unify the science of biologyscience of biology Cellular Structure and FunctionCellular Structure and Function ReproductionReproduction MetabolismMetabolism HomeostasisHomeostasis HeredityHeredity EvolutionEvolution InterdependenceInterdependence
Unifying Themes of BiologyUnifying Themes of Biology
Cellular Structure and FunctionCellular Structure and Function All living organisms are composed of All living organisms are composed of
cellscells ReproductionReproduction
Living organisms reproduce, producing Living organisms reproduce, producing offspring similar to themselvesoffspring similar to themselves
MetabolismMetabolism Living organisms obtain and use energy Living organisms obtain and use energy
to stay alive, grow, and developto stay alive, grow, and develop
HomeostasisHomeostasis All living organisms respond to their All living organisms respond to their
environment and are able to maintain environment and are able to maintain homeostasishomeostasis
HeredityHeredity All living things are able to pass on traits to All living things are able to pass on traits to
their offspring through genes that are their offspring through genes that are passed from parent to offspring each passed from parent to offspring each generationgeneration
EvolutionEvolution Evolution has shaped all of life’s diversityEvolution has shaped all of life’s diversity
InterdependenceInterdependence All living organisms depend on one another All living organisms depend on one another
and their environmentand their environment
Solving Real World ProblemsSolving Real World Problems Preserving our Preserving our
EnvironmentEnvironment Pollution of the Pollution of the
atmosphere, atmosphere, extinction of plants extinction of plants and animals, and a and animals, and a growing demand for growing demand for food are current food are current environmental environmental problems caused by problems caused by the growing human the growing human populationpopulation
Improving the Food Improving the Food SupplySupply Genetic engineering is Genetic engineering is
used to develop crops used to develop crops that require fewer that require fewer fertilizers and fertilizers and pesticidespesticides
Understanding the Understanding the Human GenomeHuman Genome Scientists are Scientists are
sequencing every sequencing every human gene, which human gene, which will be an invaluable will be an invaluable tool in medical tool in medical researchresearch
Fighting DiseaseFighting Disease AIDS and Cancer AIDS and Cancer
Biological research and new technologies will Biological research and new technologies will help scientists battle diseases such as AIDS help scientists battle diseases such as AIDS and cancerand cancer
Emerging DiseasesEmerging Diseases The past few years have seen the emergence The past few years have seen the emergence
of new diseases from other parts of the world of new diseases from other parts of the world such as West Nile virussuch as West Nile virus
Gene TherapyGene Therapy Gene therapy will help scientists fight genetic Gene therapy will help scientists fight genetic
disorders such as cystic fibrosis, muscular disorders such as cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, and hemophiliadystrophy, and hemophilia
Observation: The Basis of Scientific Observation: The Basis of Scientific ResearchResearch
Solving Scientific PuzzlesSolving Scientific Puzzles All scientists have a certain All scientists have a certain
way of investigating the way of investigating the worldworld
ObservationObservation Observation is the act of Observation is the act of
noting or perceiving objects noting or perceiving objects or events using the sensesor events using the senses
Stages of Scientific InvestigationStages of Scientific Investigation Collecting Observations and Asking Collecting Observations and Asking
QuestionsQuestions Scientists add to scientific knowledge by Scientists add to scientific knowledge by
sharing observations and posing questions sharing observations and posing questions about observationsabout observations
Forming Hypotheses and Making Forming Hypotheses and Making PredictionsPredictions Forming and testing hypotheses, as well as Forming and testing hypotheses, as well as
making predictions, is important in making predictions, is important in scientific investigationsscientific investigations
Confirming Confirming PredictionsPredictions In a controlled In a controlled
experiment, the experiment, the independent variable independent variable is varied between the is varied between the experimental and experimental and control groups. The control groups. The measured variable is measured variable is the dependent the dependent variablevariable
Drawing ConclusionsDrawing Conclusions Hypotheses can be Hypotheses can be
supported or rejected, supported or rejected, but never provenbut never proven
Viewing Conclusions in ContextViewing Conclusions in Context Many important scientific questions Many important scientific questions
have more than one answer, such as have more than one answer, such as determining the causes of the global determining the causes of the global decline in amphibiansdecline in amphibians
Scientific ExplanationsScientific Explanations
Constructing a TheoryConstructing a Theory A collection of hypotheses that have A collection of hypotheses that have
been repeatedly tested and are been repeatedly tested and are supported by a great deal of evidence supported by a great deal of evidence forms a theoryforms a theory
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