Biology 30Biology 30The Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System
22
Comparison of Nervous System Comparison of Nervous System and Endocrine Systemand Endocrine System
Long lastingLong lastingLasts a short whileLasts a short while
Slow actingSlow actingFast actingFast acting
Hormones travel Hormones travel through blood to their through blood to their
targettarget
Direct Direct
cell to cell cell to cell communicationcommunication
Produces Produces
hormoneshormones
Produces Produces neurotransmittersneurotransmitters
Endocrine SystemEndocrine SystemNervous SystemNervous System
33
General Things to KnowGeneral Things to Know
Endocrine = Hormone SystemEndocrine = Hormone System Hormones are chemicals produced in Hormones are chemicals produced in
minute amountsminute amountsAll hormones in body together weigh less All hormones in body together weigh less
than 5 ounces.than 5 ounces.
44
General Things to KnowGeneral Things to Know
Control the Control the slowslow processes in our bodies processes in our bodies Rate of growthRate of growth MetabolismMetabolism Development before birthDevelopment before birth Pregnancy, birth process, lactationPregnancy, birth process, lactation Initiation of puberty & sexual maturityInitiation of puberty & sexual maturity Storing & breakdown of foodStoring & breakdown of food Maintaining water & mineral levelsMaintaining water & mineral levels
55
General Things to KnowGeneral Things to Know
Hormones are chemical messengersHormones are chemical messengers Produced in a glandProduced in a gland Travel through the Travel through the blood streamblood stream Act on a “Act on a “targettarget” cell.” cell.
Hormones are created in glands called Hormones are created in glands called ENDOCRINEENDOCRINE glands (“ductless glands”) glands (“ductless glands”)
Because the glands secrete into the blood Because the glands secrete into the blood stream, not into a body cavity (stream, not into a body cavity (exocrineexocrine).).
66
Types of HormonesTypes of Hormones
1.1. Local HormonesLocal Hormones• NotNot typical hormones typical hormones• Act immediately on area near secretionAct immediately on area near secretion• Action is local and rapidAction is local and rapid• Example = histaminesExample = histamines
Released by tissues when affected by a Released by tissues when affected by a foreign substance… pollen…foreign substance… pollen…
Increases blood flow and fluid leaks into Increases blood flow and fluid leaks into tissuestissues
Inflammation, redness, swellingInflammation, redness, swelling
77
Types of HormonesTypes of Hormones
2.2. Circulating HormonesCirculating Hormones• Typical Typical • Produced by endocrine glandsProduced by endocrine glands• Travel through blood Travel through blood • To target cellTo target cell• Combine with receptor on or in the target Combine with receptor on or in the target
cellcell Receptor site is either on the membrane or in Receptor site is either on the membrane or in
cytoplasmcytoplasm Initiates a change in the target cellInitiates a change in the target cell
88
Chemical Structure of HormonesChemical Structure of Hormones
We are concerned with 2 typesWe are concerned with 2 types1.1. Protein or Peptide HormonesProtein or Peptide Hormones
• Made up of peptide chains or long proteinsMade up of peptide chains or long proteins• Water soluble / lipid insolubleWater soluble / lipid insoluble• Cannot cross phospholipid bilayerCannot cross phospholipid bilayer• Includes hormones from Includes hormones from
1.1. HypothalamusHypothalamus2.2. PituitaryPituitary3.3. PancreasPancreas
99
2.2. Steroid HormonesSteroid Hormones• Chemically related to cholesterolChemically related to cholesterol• Water insoluble / lipid solubleWater insoluble / lipid soluble• Can pass right through the cell membraneCan pass right through the cell membrane• Includes Includes
Sex hormonesSex hormones ThyroxinThyroxin Hormones from the adrenal cortexHormones from the adrenal cortex
Chemical Structure of Hormones
Anatomy of the Anatomy of the Endocrine SystemEndocrine System
Its time for a sensational Its time for a sensational multi-media event!multi-media event!
Lipid Soluble HormoneLipid Soluble Hormone
Lipid Insoluble HormoneLipid Insoluble Hormone
1414
Anatomy of the Endocrine System Anatomy of the Endocrine System AssignmentAssignment
IdentifyIdentify the following endocrine glands the following endocrine glands on a diagram of a human and on a diagram of a human and identifyidentify the major hormones produced by that the major hormones produced by that gland:gland:Anterior pituitaryAnterior pituitary
Posterior pituitaryPosterior pituitary
Pineal GlandPineal Gland
ThyroidThyroid
ParathyroidParathyroid
ThymusThymus
StomachStomach
DuodenumDuodenum
Adrenal GlandsAdrenal Glands
Pancreas Pancreas
Islets of LangerhansIslets of Langerhans
Gonads Gonads
Let’s zoom in on the head.Let’s zoom in on the head.
2020
Anatomy of the Endocrine SystemAnatomy of the Endocrine System
HypothalamusHypothalamus hormones produced here are secreted hormones produced here are secreted
into the blood through the into the blood through the posterior posterior pituitarypituitary..
2222
Source = HypothalamusSource = Hypothalamus
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
PosteriorPituitary
2323
Source = HypothalamusSource = Hypothalamus
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Hypothalamus Hypothalamus (Posterior (Posterior Pituitary)Pituitary)
PosteriorPituitary
2424
Source = HypothalamusSource = Hypothalamus
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Hypothalamus Hypothalamus (Posterior (Posterior Pituitary)Pituitary)
OxytocinOxytocin
PosteriorPituitary
2525
Source = HypothalamusSource = Hypothalamus
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Hypothalamus Hypothalamus (Posterior (Posterior Pituitary)Pituitary)
OxytocinOxytocinUterusUterus,,
MammaryMammary
PosteriorPituitary
2626
Source = HypothalamusSource = Hypothalamus
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
HypothalamusHypothalamus
(Posterior (Posterior Pituitary)Pituitary)
OxytocinOxytocinUterusUterus,,
MammaryMammary
Uterine Uterine contractioncontraction, ,
milk milk secretionsecretion
PosteriorPituitary
2727
Source = HypothalamusSource = Hypothalamus
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Hypothalamus Hypothalamus (Posterior (Posterior Pituitary)Pituitary)
OxytocinOxytocinUterusUterus,,
MammaryMammary
Uterine Uterine contractioncontraction, ,
milk milk secretionsecretion
Hypothalamus Hypothalamus (Posterior (Posterior Pituitary)Pituitary)
PosteriorPituitary
2828
Source = HypothalamusSource = Hypothalamus
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Hypothalamus Hypothalamus (Posterior (Posterior Pituitary)Pituitary)
OxytocinOxytocinUterusUterus,,
MammaryMammary
Uterine Uterine contractioncontraction, ,
milk milk secretionsecretion
Hypothalamus Hypothalamus (Posterior (Posterior Pituitary)Pituitary)
ADHADH
PosteriorPituitary
2929
Source = HypothalamusSource = Hypothalamus
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Hypothalamus Hypothalamus (Posterior (Posterior Pituitary)Pituitary)
OxytocinOxytocinUterusUterus,,
MammaryMammary
Uterine Uterine contractioncontraction, ,
milk milk secretionsecretion
Hypothalamus Hypothalamus (Posterior (Posterior Pituitary)Pituitary)
ADHADH KidneyKidney
PosteriorPituitary
3030
Source = HypothalamusSource = Hypothalamus
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Hypothalamus Hypothalamus (Posterior (Posterior Pituitary)Pituitary)
OxytocinOxytocinUterusUterus,,
MammaryMammary
Uterine Uterine contractioncontraction, ,
milk milk secretionsecretion
Hypothalamus Hypothalamus (Posterior (Posterior Pituitary)Pituitary)
ADHADH KidneyKidney Water Water reabsorptionreabsorption
PosteriorPituitary
3131
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. PituitaryAnt. Pituitary
3333
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. PituitaryAnt. PituitaryGGrowth rowth
HHormone ormone (somatotropin)(somatotropin)
3434
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. PituitaryAnt. PituitaryGGrowth rowth
HHormone ormone (somatotropin)(somatotropin)
GeneralGeneral
3535
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. PituitaryAnt. PituitaryGGrowth rowth
HHormone ormone (somatotropin)(somatotropin)
GeneralGeneral Stimulates Stimulates body growthbody growth
3636
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. PituitaryAnt. PituitaryGGrowth rowth
HHormone ormone (somatotropin)(somatotropin)
GeneralGeneral Stimulates Stimulates body growthbody growth
Ant. PituitaryAnt. Pituitary
3737
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. PituitaryAnt. PituitaryGGrowth rowth
HHormone ormone (somatotropin)(somatotropin)
GeneralGeneral Stimulates Stimulates body growthbody growth
Ant. PituitaryAnt. PituitaryTThyroid hyroid
SStimulating timulating HHormoneormone
3838
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. PituitaryAnt. PituitaryGGrowth rowth
HHormone ormone (somatotropin)(somatotropin)
GeneralGeneral Stimulates Stimulates body growthbody growth
Ant. PituitaryAnt. PituitaryTThyroid hyroid
SStimulating timulating HHormoneormone
ThyroidThyroid
3939
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. PituitaryAnt. PituitaryGGrowth rowth
HHormone ormone (somatotropin)(somatotropin)
GeneralGeneral Stimulates Stimulates body growthbody growth
Ant. PituitaryAnt. PituitaryTThyroid hyroid
SStimulating timulating HHormoneormone
ThyroidThyroid
Stimulates Stimulates release of release of thyroxine thyroxine
from thyroidfrom thyroid
4040
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
4141
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Adreno-Adreno-corticotropic corticotropic
HormoneHormone
ACTHACTH
4242
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Adreno-Adreno-corticotropic corticotropic
HormoneHormone
ACTHACTH
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex
4343
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Adreno-Adreno-corticotropic corticotropic
HormoneHormone
ACTHACTH
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex
Stimulates Stimulates “Stress” “Stress”
Hormone Hormone ReleaseRelease
4444
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Adreno-Adreno-corticotropic corticotropic
HormoneHormone
ACTHACTH
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex
Stimulates Stimulates “Stress” “Stress”
Hormone Hormone Release Release CortisolCortisol
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
4545
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Adreno-Adreno-corticotropic corticotropic
HormoneHormone
ACTHACTH
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex
Stimulates Stimulates “Stress” “Stress”
Hormone Hormone ReleaseRelease
CortisolCortisol
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary ProlactinProlactin
4646
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Adreno-Adreno-corticotropic corticotropic
HormoneHormone
ACTHACTH
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex
Stimulates Stimulates “Stress” “Stress”
Hormone Hormone Release Release CortisolCortisol
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary ProlactinProlactin MammaryMammary
4747
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Adreno-Adreno-corticotropic corticotropic
HormoneHormone
ACTHACTH
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex
Stimulates Stimulates “Stress” “Stress”
Hormone Hormone Release Release CortisolCortisol
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary ProlactinProlactin MammaryMammary
Milk Milk production & production &
SecretionSecretion
4848
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
4949
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Follicle Follicle Stimulating Stimulating HormoneHormone
FSHFSH
5050
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Follicle Follicle Stimulating Stimulating HormoneHormone
FSHFSH
OvaryOvary & & TestesTestes
5151
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Follicle Follicle Stimulating Stimulating HormoneHormone
FSHFSH
OvaryOvary & & TestesTestes
Growth of Growth of ovarian ovarian folliclefollicle, ,
Production of Production of SpermSperm
5252
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Follicle Follicle Stimulating Stimulating HormoneHormone
FSHFSH
OvaryOvary & & TestesTestes
Growth of Growth of ovarian ovarian folliclefollicle, ,
Production of Production of SpermSperm
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
5353
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Follicle Follicle Stimulating Stimulating HormoneHormone
FSHFSH
OvaryOvary & & TestesTestes
Growth of Growth of ovarian ovarian folliclefollicle, ,
Production of Production of SpermSperm
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Luteinizing Luteinizing HormoneHormone
LHLH
5454
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Follicle Follicle Stimulating Stimulating HormoneHormone
FSHFSH
OvaryOvary & & TestesTestes
Growth of Growth of ovarian ovarian folliclefollicle, ,
Production of Production of SpermSperm
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Luteinizing Luteinizing HormoneHormone
LHLH
OvaryOvary & & TestesTestes
5555
Source = Anterior PituitarySource = Anterior Pituitary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Follicle Follicle Stimulating Stimulating HormoneHormone
FSHFSH
OvaryOvary & & TestesTestes
Growth of Growth of ovarian ovarian folliclefollicle, ,
Production of Production of SpermSperm
Ant. Ant. PituitaryPituitary
Luteinizing Luteinizing HormoneHormone
LHLH
OvaryOvary & & TestesTestes
Stimulates Stimulates ovulationovulation, ,
production of production of testosteronetestosterone
5858
Source = Pineal GlandSource = Pineal Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Pineal Pineal GlandGland
5959
Source = Pineal GlandSource = Pineal Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Pineal Pineal GlandGland MelatoninMelatonin
6060
Source = Pineal GlandSource = Pineal Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Pineal Pineal GlandGland MelatoninMelatonin GeneralGeneral
6161
Source = Pineal GlandSource = Pineal Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Pineal Pineal GlandGland MelatoninMelatonin GeneralGeneral
Biorhythms Biorhythms
(sleep vs. wake) (sleep vs. wake)
(summer vs. winter)(summer vs. winter)
Length of daysLength of days
6363
Source = Thyroid GlandSource = Thyroid Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Thyroid Thyroid GlandGland
6464
Source = Thyroid GlandSource = Thyroid Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Thyroid Thyroid GlandGland ThyroxinThyroxin
6565
Source = Thyroid GlandSource = Thyroid Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Thyroid Thyroid GlandGland ThyroxinThyroxin GeneralGeneral
6666
Source = Thyroid GlandSource = Thyroid Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Thyroid Thyroid GlandGland ThyroxinThyroxin GeneralGeneral
Stimulates Stimulates metabolism, metabolism,
growth, growth, developmentdevelopment
6767
6868
Source = Thyroid GlandSource = Thyroid Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Thyroid Thyroid GlandGland
6969
Source = Thyroid GlandSource = Thyroid Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Thyroid Thyroid GlandGland CalcitoninCalcitonin
7070
Source = Thyroid GlandSource = Thyroid Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Thyroid Thyroid GlandGland CalcitoninCalcitonin BoneBone
7171
Source = Thyroid GlandSource = Thyroid Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Thyroid Thyroid GlandGland CalcitoninCalcitonin BoneBone
Lowers calcium Lowers calcium levels by levels by
inhibiting bone inhibiting bone breakdownbreakdown
7272
Source = Thyroid GlandSource = Thyroid Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Thyroid Thyroid GlandGland CalcitoninCalcitonin BoneBone
Lowers calcium Lowers calcium levels by levels by
inhibiting bone inhibiting bone breakdownbreakdown
Parathyroid Parathyroid GlandGland
7373
Source = Thyroid GlandSource = Thyroid Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Thyroid Thyroid GlandGland CalcitoninCalcitonin BoneBone
Lowers calcium Lowers calcium levels by levels by
inhibiting bone inhibiting bone breakdownbreakdown
Parathyroid Parathyroid GlandGland
Parathyroid Parathyroid HormoneHormone
7474
Source = Thyroid GlandSource = Thyroid Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Thyroid Thyroid GlandGland CalcitoninCalcitonin BoneBone
Lowers calcium Lowers calcium levels by levels by
inhibiting bone inhibiting bone breakdownbreakdown
Parathyroid Parathyroid GlandGland
Parathyroid Parathyroid HormoneHormone BoneBone
7575
Source = Thyroid GlandSource = Thyroid Gland
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Thyroid Thyroid GlandGland CalcitoninCalcitonin BoneBone
Lowers calcium Lowers calcium levels by levels by
inhibiting bone inhibiting bone breakdownbreakdown
Parathyroid Parathyroid GlandGland
Parathyroid Parathyroid HormoneHormone BoneBone
Raises calcium Raises calcium levels by levels by
stimulating bone stimulating bone breakdownbreakdown
7878
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex
7979
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex AldosteroneAldosterone
8080
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex AldosteroneAldosterone KidneyKidney
8181
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex AldosteroneAldosterone KidneyKidney Reabsorbs Reabsorbs
sodium and watersodium and water
8282
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex AldosteroneAldosterone KidneyKidney Reabsorbs Reabsorbs
sodium and watersodium and water
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex
8383
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex AldosteroneAldosterone KidneyKidney Reabsorbs Reabsorbs
sodium and watersodium and water
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex CortisolCortisol
8484
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex AldosteroneAldosterone KidneyKidney Reabsorbs Reabsorbs
sodium and watersodium and water
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex CortisolCortisol GeneralGeneral
8585
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex AldosteroneAldosterone KidneyKidney Reabsorbs Reabsorbs
sodium and watersodium and water
Adrenal Adrenal CortexCortex CortisolCortisol GeneralGeneral
StimulatesStimulates
Glucose ReleaseGlucose Release
Long term stressLong term stress
8686
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal MedullaMedulla
8888
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal MedullaMedulla
EpinephrineEpinephrine
(Adrenalin)(Adrenalin)
8989
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal MedullaMedulla
EpinephrineEpinephrine
(Adrenalin)(Adrenalin)Liver & Liver & MuscleMuscle
9090
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal MedullaMedulla
EpinephrineEpinephrine
(Adrenalin)(Adrenalin)Liver & Liver & MuscleMuscle
Stimulates Stimulates Glucose releaseGlucose release
Short term stressShort term stress
9191
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal MedullaMedulla
EpinephrineEpinephrine
(Adrenalin)(Adrenalin)Liver & Liver & MuscleMuscle
Stimulates Stimulates Glucose releaseGlucose release
Short term stressShort term stress
Adrenal Adrenal MedullaMedulla
9292
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal MedullaMedulla
EpinephrineEpinephrine
(Adrenalin)(Adrenalin)Liver & Liver & MuscleMuscle
Stimulates Stimulates Glucose releaseGlucose release
Short term stressShort term stress
Adrenal Adrenal MedullaMedulla
Norepinephrine Norepinephrine (noradrenalin)(noradrenalin)
9393
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal MedullaMedulla
EpinephrineEpinephrine
(Adrenalin)(Adrenalin)Liver & Liver & MuscleMuscle
Stimulates Stimulates Glucose releaseGlucose release
Short term stressShort term stress
Adrenal Adrenal MedullaMedulla
Norepinephrine Norepinephrine (noradrenalin)(noradrenalin)
General General HeartHeart
9494
Source = Adrenal GlandsSource = Adrenal Glands
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Adrenal Adrenal MedullaMedulla
EpinephrineEpinephrine
(Adrenalin)(Adrenalin)Liver & Liver & MuscleMuscle
Stimulates Stimulates Glucose releaseGlucose release
Short term stressShort term stress
Adrenal Adrenal MedullaMedulla
Norepinephrine Norepinephrine (noradrenalin)(noradrenalin)
General General HeartHeart
Constrict BloodConstrict Blood
VesselsVessels
Increase Heart Increase Heart RateRate
9696
Source = PancreasSource = Pancreas
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Pancreas Pancreas Beta Cells Beta Cells of Islets of of Islets of
LangerhansLangerhans
9797
Source = PancreasSource = Pancreas
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Pancreas Pancreas Beta Cells Beta Cells of Islets of of Islets of
LangerhansLangerhans
InsulinInsulin
9898
Source = PancreasSource = Pancreas
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Pancreas Pancreas Beta Cells Beta Cells of Islets of of Islets of
LangerhansLangerhans
InsulinInsulin GeneralGeneral
9999
Source = PancreasSource = Pancreas
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Pancreas Pancreas Beta Cells Beta Cells of Islets of of Islets of
LangerhansLangerhans
InsulinInsulin GeneralGeneral
Lowers blood Lowers blood glucose levels glucose levels
Stimulates uptake Stimulates uptake of glucose into of glucose into
cellscells
100100
Source = PancreasSource = Pancreas
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Pancreas Pancreas Beta Cells Beta Cells of Islets of of Islets of
LangerhansLangerhans
InsulinInsulin GeneralGeneral
Lowers blood Lowers blood glucose levels glucose levels
Stimulates uptake Stimulates uptake of glucose into of glucose into
cellscells
Pancreas Pancreas Alpha Cells Alpha Cells of Islets of of Islets of
LangerhansLangerhans
101101
Source = PancreasSource = Pancreas
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Pancreas Pancreas Beta Cells Beta Cells of Islets of of Islets of
LangerhansLangerhans
InsulinInsulin GeneralGeneral
Lowers blood Lowers blood glucose levels glucose levels
Stimulates uptake Stimulates uptake of glucose into of glucose into
cellscells
Pancreas Pancreas Alpha Cells Alpha Cells of Islets of of Islets of
LangerhansLangerhans
GlucagonGlucagon
102102
Source = PancreasSource = Pancreas
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Pancreas Pancreas Beta Cells Beta Cells of Islets of of Islets of
LangerhansLangerhans
InsulinInsulin GeneralGeneral
Lowers blood Lowers blood glucose levels glucose levels
Stimulates uptake Stimulates uptake of glucose into of glucose into
cellscells
Pancreas Pancreas Alpha Cells Alpha Cells of Islets of of Islets of
LangerhansLangerhans
GlucagonGlucagonLiver & Liver & Fatty Fatty
TissueTissue
103103
Source = PancreasSource = Pancreas
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
Pancreas Pancreas Beta Cells Beta Cells of Islets of of Islets of
LangerhansLangerhans
InsulinInsulin GeneralGeneral
Lowers blood Lowers blood glucose levels glucose levels
Stimulates uptake Stimulates uptake of glucose into of glucose into
cellscells
Pancreas Pancreas Alpha Cells Alpha Cells of Islets of of Islets of
LangerhansLangerhans
GlucagonGlucagonLiver & Liver & Fatty Fatty
TissueTissue
Raises blood Raises blood glucose levels by glucose levels by stimulating liver to stimulating liver to convert glycogen convert glycogen back into glucoseback into glucose
104104
Source = OvarySource = Ovary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
OvaryOvary
106106
Source = OvarySource = Ovary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
OvaryOvary EstrogenEstrogen
107107
Source = OvarySource = Ovary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
OvaryOvary EstrogenEstrogenGeneralGeneral
UterusUterus
108108
Source = OvarySource = Ovary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
OvaryOvary EstrogenEstrogenGeneralGeneral
UterusUterus
Develop & Maintain Develop & Maintain secondary female secondary female characteristics characteristics
Growth of uterine Growth of uterine lininglining
109109
Source = OvarySource = Ovary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
OvaryOvary EstrogenEstrogenGeneralGeneral
UterusUterus
Develop & Maintain Develop & Maintain secondary female secondary female characteristics characteristics
Growth of uterine Growth of uterine lininglining
OvaryOvary
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Source = OvarySource = Ovary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
OvaryOvary EstrogenEstrogenGeneralGeneral
UterusUterus
Develop & Maintain Develop & Maintain secondary female secondary female characteristics characteristics
Growth of uterine Growth of uterine lininglining
OvaryOvary ProgesteroneProgesterone
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Source = OvarySource = Ovary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
OvaryOvary EstrogenEstrogenGeneralGeneral
UterusUterus
Develop & Maintain Develop & Maintain secondary female secondary female characteristics characteristics
Growth of uterine Growth of uterine lininglining
OvaryOvary ProgesteroneProgesterone UterusUterus
112112
Source = OvarySource = Ovary
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
OvaryOvary EstrogenEstrogenGeneralGeneral
UterusUterus
Develop & Maintain Develop & Maintain secondary female secondary female characteristics characteristics
Growth of uterine Growth of uterine lininglining
OvaryOvary ProgesteroneProgesterone UterusUterusPromotes continued Promotes continued
growth of uterine growth of uterine lininglining
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Source = TestesSource = Testes
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
TestesTestes
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Source = TestesSource = Testes
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
TestesTestes TestosteroneTestosterone
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Source = TestesSource = Testes
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
TestesTestes TestosteroneTestosterone
General & General & Reprod-Reprod-uctive uctive
StructuresStructures
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Source = TestesSource = Testes
SourceSource HormoneHormone TargetTarget EffectEffect
TestesTestes TestosteroneTestosterone
General & General & Reprod-Reprod-uctive uctive
StructuresStructures
Develop & Develop & Maintain Maintain
secondary male secondary male characteristics characteristics
Promotes Promotes spermatogenesisspermatogenesis
Now that you know what Now that you know what they are…they are…
Let’s find out how and when Let’s find out how and when they are produced and how the they are produced and how the
system can be shut off when system can be shut off when things are fine.things are fine.
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Hormones & FeedbackHormones & Feedback
Hormone levels are regulated through a Hormone levels are regulated through a process called process called negative feedbacknegative feedback When the brain detects an inappropriate level When the brain detects an inappropriate level
of a certain hormone, it will do things to fix the of a certain hormone, it will do things to fix the problem.problem.
When the problem is solved, the brain stops When the problem is solved, the brain stops trying to fix it. trying to fix it.
Let’s look at an example.Let’s look at an example.
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Hormones & FeedbackHormones & Feedback
When insufficient levels of When insufficient levels of thyroxinthyroxin in in body…body…
1.1. the pituitary releases the pituitary releases TSHTSH
2.2. Thyroid then produces ThyroxinThyroid then produces Thyroxin
3.3. Soon thyroxin levels are high enough for Soon thyroxin levels are high enough for pituitary to stop releasing TSHpituitary to stop releasing TSH..
4.4. As a result, As a result, thyroxin release stopsthyroxin release stops..
Hormones & FeedbackHormones & Feedback
Hormones & FeedbackHormones & Feedback
Hormones & FeedbackHormones & Feedback
Hormones & FeedbackHormones & Feedback
Hormones & FeedbackHormones & Feedback
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A Diploma Exam DiagramA Diploma Exam Diagram
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Hormonal Control AssignmentHormonal Control Assignment
Using your textbook and class notes, Using your textbook and class notes, describe each the following disorders by describe each the following disorders by
1.1. indicating the symptomsindicating the symptoms
2.2. identifying the hormones involvedidentifying the hormones involved
3.3. identifying if this hormone is in hypersecretion or identifying if this hormone is in hypersecretion or hyposecretion.hyposecretion.
1.1. hypothyroidismhypothyroidism
2.2. hyperthyroidismhyperthyroidism
3.3. goitergoiter
4.4. diabetes mellitusdiabetes mellitus
5.5. gigantismgigantism
6.6. dwarfismdwarfism
7.7. acromegalyacromegaly
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