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Bioenergy and Sustainability Policyin the Netherlands
Kees Kwant
SenterNovem
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1. Energy situation in the Netherlands
primairy energy in NL (3100 PJ/a)
natural gas
48%
oil
36%
coal
11%
nuclear
1%
electricity
import
2%rest
2%
secondary energy in NL (3100 PJ/a)
electricity
11%
transportation
fuels
15%
heat
31%
losses
32%
products
11%
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2. Energy Transition needed Transition from fossil-based fuels and raw materials to a sustainable
energy housekeeping
Clear Goal: 50% CO2 emission reduction by 2050
Long term strategy
Significant changes in technology, infrastructure,
socio-economic environment, government policy
Methods : Public private approach Vision, goals, transition paths, experiments Interdepartemental collaboration
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Biobased Raw Materials PlatformTransition to replace fossil based raw materials to biobased raw materials
Transition paths:
Sustainable development and production of biomass Sustainable import chains
Co-production of chemicals, transport fuels, electricity and heat
Production of SNG (synthetic natural gas) for the natural gas
infrastructure
Innovative use of biobased raw materials and increasedsustainability of processes and products in the chemical industry
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Governmental OpinionBiobased Economy, October 2007
-Positive but Careful & Sustainable
-Should contribute to GHG savings
-Match Economic strength :
chemicals, logistics, food, research
-Cooperate internationally
-No-Regret Policy Agenda:
- Biorefinery: more efficient use ofbiomass- Worldwide sustainable
production- Encourage green power & gas- Develop Market
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3. Renewable Energy Policy in the Netherlands
Objectives in The Netherlands:
9% renewable electricity in 2010. (EU directive)
20% renewable Energy in 2020 (new Government)
14% renewable Energy obliged by EC directive
Liquid Biofuels: replacement of gasoline and diesel
5.75% in 2010 obligation on fuel suppliers
10 % - 20% in 2020
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Dutch biofuel policy
Obligation: 2% in 2007 rising to 5,75% (energy content) in 2010
From 1-1-2009: Reporting on sustainability including GHG balance
5,75%
4,50%
3,25%
2,00%Total DieselPetrol
3,5% 3,5%2010
3,0% 3,0%2009
2,5% 2,5%2008
2,0%2,0%2007
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4. Status Renewable Energy Development2007: 2.5% , and 5.6 % Renewable Electricity
0
10
20
30
4050
60
70
8090
100
1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
PJ
biofuels
biogas
combustion
cofiring
wasteheatpump
solar
wind
hydro
*
* 2007 preliminary data
* 2007: estimation
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GROWING PUBLIC CONCERN
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5. NEED FOR SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA
Environmental groups and Parliament areconcerned about sustainability of biomass
Application of criteria for sustainability in
relevant policy instruments for biofuels andelectricity production
A wider application of sustainability indicatorsby private sector is desirable
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SELECTION OF THEMES
Greenhouse gas balance Competition with food, local energy supply,medicines and construction materials
Biodiversity
Environment Economic prosperity Well-being
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GREENHOUSE GAS BALANCE
Greenhouse gas balance is positive
Net emission reduction related to fossil fuels of at least30% for biofuels and 50-70% for electricity production.Assuming differentiation of policy instruments aiming at
better performances
Assessment based on specific methodology
Whole chain is taken into account (includingapplication); performance depends on fossil reference
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COMPETITION WITH FOOD
The production of biomass for energy must notendanger the food supply and other localapplications for biomass (such as for medicinesor building materials).
Insight in land use changes, and changes in prices ofland and food
Reporting on request of the Dutch government.Objective is to support the monitoring at macro-level
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BIODIVERSITY
Biomass production will not affect protected areas orvaluable ecosystems; active protection wherepossible
Comply with national legislation and regulations No deterioration of biodiversity in protected areas or
other areas with valuable ecosystems. Preservation or recovery of biodiversity within biomass
production units Restoration of biodiversity, where possible
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ENVIRONMENT
Soil, water and air quality are maintained or improvedin the production and processing of biomass
Comply with national legislation and regulations
Application of Best Practices No competition between use of residual flows and
other applications to maintain soil quality No use of water from not renewable sources No use of fires to construct or maintain biomass
production units
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ECONOMIC PROSPERITY
Biomass production contributes to local and nationalprosperity
Positive contribution of production activities to local
economy and local industries
Reporting on the basis of specific economicperformance indicators of the Global Reporting
Initiative
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WELL-BEING
Production of biomass contributes to the well-beingof workers and local population
No negative effects on working conditions of workers
and human rights No violation of prosperity rights and rights of use Positive contribution to social conditions of local
population
No violation of integrity
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CRITERIA AT MACRO-LEVEL
Important for: greenhouse gas balance, biodiversity competition with food and other biomass applications
Monitoring of (indirect) land use change is needed,at macro-level
Primary responsibility of Dutch government
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CRITERIA AT MACRO-LEVEL (2)
Relevant effects: Prices of land and food Availability of food Change of food production and animal husbandry
Deforestation Loss of nature reserves Changes in vegetation types
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FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES
Implementation
Implementation of criteria in government policy Development of criteria and monitoring at macro level
Supporting the private sector in starting the certificationprocess
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Sustainability reporting in the Netherlands
Implementation as minimum requirements is not possible;
therefore: Implementation as a reporting obligation for electricity
generation (biomass) and transport fuels Batch reporting: confidential
Annual public report: aggregated information; policies andplans
Following a metastandard approach: using existingcertificates where possible
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Current situation: limited number of sustainabilitystandards
CoverCriteria
Cover current biofuel crops
FSC
SAN/RA
Basel
ACCS
EurepGAP
SAI
RSPO
LEAF
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European Commission: January 2008:Sustainability criteria comparing
CramerGreenhouse Gas Balance/
carbonreservoirscompetition with food and
local useBiodiversityEnvironmentProsperityWellbeingNL-> Obliged reporting
EC ProposalYes, minimum 35% /YesNo
YesInside Europa
NoNoEC-> Stricter not allowed
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Next steps
Macro monitoring
Benchmark: evaluation of existing standards
Certification: based on a standard develop scheme
Development of standards
Pilots and dialogue to assess applicability
Further development of CO2 tool
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Conclusion
Development for Renewable Energy and Biofuels starts Huge demand for biomass and biofuels Need for Sustainable Production and Application
Set of Criteria available
Set up of Pilots to assess the criteria
Development and experience with certification scheme needed
International cooperation required
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