BIBLIOGRAPHY
This bibliography acknowledges those authors who are referenced in the textand whose concepts and ideas contributed to the writing of this book. In addition, the bibliography provides the student of Supply Chain Managementand Logistics with a ready source for independent reading and research.
TEXTBOOKS
Bowersox, Donald J. and M. Bixby Cooper. Strategic Market Channel Management .New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.
Bowersox, Donald J. and David J. Closs. Logistical Management: The IntegratedSupply Chain Process ., New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1996.
Ballou, Ronald H. Business Logistics Management: Planning and Control, 4th ed.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1998.
Cateora, Philip. International Marketing. 8th ed. Homewood,IL: Irwin, 1993.Coyle, John J., Edward J. Bardi, and C. John Langly. The Management ofBusiness
Logistics, 7th ed. Mason, Ohio: South-Western, 2003.Dobler, Donald W., David N. Burt, and Lamar Lee. Purchasing and Materials
Management, 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990.Fogarty, Donald W., John H. Blackstone, and Thomas R. Hoffinann. Production and
Inventory Management, 2nd ed. Cincinnati, OH: South-Western Publishing Co.,1991.
Heinritz, Stuart, Paul V. Farrell, Larry C. Giunipero, and Michael G. Kolchin.Purchasing: Principles and Applications, 8th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PrenticeHall, 1991.
Heizer, Jay and Barry Render. Production and Operations Management, 3rd ed.Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1993.
Horngren , Charles T., Foster, George, and Datar, Srikant M. Cost Accounting: AManagerial Emphasis, 81h ed.. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1994.
Johnson, James C. and Donald F. Wood. Contemporary Logistics. New York:MacMillian Publishing Co., 1993.
Keegan, Warren 1. Global Marketing Management, 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall , 1989.
Kotler, Philip. Marketing Management, 6th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall,1988.
Lambert, Douglas M. and James R. Stock. Strategic Logistics Management. 3rd ed.Homewood,IL: Irwin, 1993.
Leenders, Michael, Harold E. Fearon, and Wilbur B. England. Purchasing andInventory Managem ent, 8th ed. Homewood,IL: Irwin, 1989.
796 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Magee, John F., William C. Copacino, and Donald B. Rosenfield. Modern LogisticsManagement. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1985.
Plossl, George W. Production and Inventory Control: Principles and Techniques,2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall, 1985.
Sampson, Roy J., Martin T. Farris, and David L. Shrock. Domestic Transportation:Practice, Theory and Policy . Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1985.
Silver, Edward A. and Rein Peterson. Decision Systems for Inventory Managementand Production Planning, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1985.
Stem, Louis W. and Adel I. El-Ansary. Marketing Channels, 3rd ed. EnglewoodCliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1988.
Terpstra, Vern and Ravi Sarathy. International Marketing. New York: DreydenPress, 1991.
Vollmann, Thomas E., William Lee Berry, and D. Clay Whybark. ManufacturingPlanning and Control Systems, 2nd ed. Homewood,IL: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1988.
Wood, Donald F. and James C. Johnson. Contemporary Transportation. New York:MacMillian Publishing Co., 1993.
SECONDARY WORKS
Ackerman, Kenneth B. Pract ical Handbook of Warehousing. New York: VanNostrand Reinhold, 1990.
Albrecht, Karl and Lawrence J. Bradford. The Service Advantage. Homewood,IL:Dow-Jones Irwin, 1990.
Anderson, David L. and Hau Lee, eds. Achieving Supply Chain Excellence ThroughTechnology, Vol. 3. San Francisco, Montgomery Research, 200l.
____:, eds. Achieving Supply Chain Excellence Through Technology, Vol. J.San Francisco, Montgomery Research, 1999.
Ansari, A. and Modarress, B. Just-In-Time Purchasing. New York: The Free Press,1990.
Anthony, Robert N. The Management Control Function. Boston, MA: HarvardBusiness School Press, 1988.
APICS Dictionary. ii/" ed. Falls Church, VA: American Production and InventoryControl Society, 1998.
Ayers, James R. Handbook of Supply Chain Management . Boca Raton : St. LuciePress, 200 l.
Band, William A. Creating Value for Customer. New York: John Wiley & Sons,1991.
Bovet, Rob and Joseph Martha. Value Nets: Breaking the Supply Chain to UnlockHidden Profits. New York: John Wiley & Sons., 2000.
Bowersox, Donald J. "The Strategic Benefits of Logistics Alliances." HarvardBusiness Review 36-45 (July-August 1990).
Bowersox, Donald J., Pat Calabro, and George D. Wagenheim. Introduction toTransportation. New York: Macmillian, 1981.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 797
Bowersox, Donald J. and Patricia 1. Daugherty. "Achieving and MaintainingLogistics Leadership: Logistics Organizations of the Future." Council ofLogisticsManagement Annual Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1,1989, pp. 59-72 .
Bowersox, Donald J., Patricia 1. Daugherty, Cornelia L. Droge, Richard N. Germain,and Dale S. Rogers. Logistical Excellence. Burlington, MA: Digital Press, 1992.
Bowersox, Donald 1., Patricia 1. Daugherty, Cornelia L. Droge, Dale S. Rogers, andDaniel L. Wardlow. Leading Edge Logistics: Competitive Positioning for thei990's. Oak Brook, IL: Council of Logistics Management, 1989.
Bowersox, Donald J., Bernard J. LaLonde, Edward W., Smykay, eds . Readings inPhysical Distribution Management: The Logistics of Marketing. London:Macmillan, 1969.
Brewer, Peter C. and Thomas W. Speh . "Adapting the Balanced Scorecard to SupplyChain Management," Supply Cain Management Review, 5,2,2001 .
Brown, Robert G. Advanced Service Parts Inventory Control. Norwich VT:Materials Management Systems, Inc. , 1982.
_ _ __. Decision Rules for Inventory Management. New York: Holt, RinehartWinston, 1967.
____. Materials Management Systems. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1977._ _ _ _ . Statistical Forecastingfor Inventory Control. New York: McGraw-Hill,
1959.Bucklin, Louis . Competition and Evolution in the Distribution Trades. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1972.Carter, Joseph R. Purchasing: Continued Improvement Through integration.
Homewood,IL: Business One Irwin , 1993.Chambers, John C., Satinder K. Mull ick, and Donald D. Smith . "How To Choose the
Right Forecasting Technique." Harvard Business Review 55-64 (August-July1971).
Chandler, Alfred D. The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in AmericanBusiness. Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press , 1977.
Dadzie, Kofi Q. and Wesely 1. Johnston, "Innovative Automation Technology inCorporate Warehousing Logistics." Journal of Business Logistics 12, (1), 74-78(1991).
Davidow, William H. and Bro Uttal. Total Customer Service: The Ultimate Weapon.New York: Harper & Row, 1989.
Delaney, Robert V. Contract Logistics Service: The Promises and the Pitfalls. St.Louis, MO: Cass Business Logistics, Inc ., 1994.____ . Fourteenth Annual State of Logistics Report. St. Louis, MO: Cass
Business Logistics, 2003 .Davenport, Thomas H. Mission Critical: Realizing the Promise of Enterprise
Systems. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000.DeLurgio, Stephen, A. and Carl D. Bhame. Forecasting Systems for inventory
Management. Homewood, IL: Business One Irwin, 1991.Downes, Larry and Chunka Mui . Unleashing the Killer Apps: Digital Strategies for
Market Dominance. Boston: Harvard Business School, 1998.Drapkin, Michael. Three Clicks Away: Advice from the Trenches of E-Commerce.
New York: John Wiley & Sons , 2001.
798 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Drucker, Peter F. Management: Tasks, Responsibilities and Practices. New York:Harper & Row, 1973.
Dudick, Thomas S. Cost Accounting Desk Reference Book. New York: VanNostrand Reinhold, 1986.
Dyche, Jill . The CRM Handbook: A Business Guide to Customer RelationshipManagement . Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2002 .
Elderkin, Kenton, W. and Warren E. Norquist. Creative Countertrade: A Guide toDoing Business Worldwide. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Co., 1987.
Emme1hainz, Margaret A. Electronic Data Interchange: A Total ManagementGuide. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990.
Fearon, Harold E., Donald W. Dobler, and Kenneth H. Killen (eds.). The PurchasingHandbook. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.
Fine, Charles. Clockspeed: Winning Industry Control in the Age of TemporaryAdvantage. Reading, Massachusetts: Persus Books, 1998.
Fingar, Peter, Harsha Kumar, and Tarun Sharma. Enterprise E-Commerce. Tampa,FL: Meghan-Kiffer Press , 2000.
Fredendall, Lawrence D. and Ed Hill. Basics of Supply Chain Management. BocaRaton: St. Lucie Press , 2001.
Fuller, Joseph, B. James O'Conner, and Richard Rawlinson. "Tailored Logistics: TheNext Advantage." Harvard Business Review, 87-98 (May-June 1993).
Gentry, Julie and Martin T. Farris, "The Increasing Importance of Purchasing inTransportation Decision Making." Transportation Journal, 61-71 (Fall 1992) .
Goddard, Walter E. Just-In-Time. Essex Junction, VT: Oliver Wight Publications,1986.
Gopal, Christopher and Gerard Cahill. Logistics in Manufacturing. Homewood, IL:Business One Irwin, 1992.
Gopa1, Christopher and Harold Cypress. Integrated Distribution Management.Homewood,IL: Business One Irwin, 1993.
Graham, Gordon. Distribution Management Inventories for the 1990's. Richardson,TX: Inventory Management Press, 1987.
____. Distributor Survival in the 21st Century. Richardson, TX: InventoryManagement Press, 1991.
Green, James H. (ed.). Production and Inventory Control Handbook. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1987.
Greenberg, Paul. CRM at the Speed ofLight: Capturing and Keeping Customers inInternet Real Time. Berkley, CA: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
Hamel, Gary and C.K. Prahalad. Competing for the Future. Boston, MA: HarvardBusiness School Press , 1994.
Hammer, Michael and James Champy. Reengineering the Corporation. New York:HarperCollins, 1993.
Handfield, Robert B. and Ernest L. Nichols. Introduction to Supply ChainManagement . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999.
Harding, Michael and Mary Lu Harding. Purchasing. New York: Barron's BusinessLibrary, 1991.
Harmon, Roy L. Reinventing the Warehouse. New York: The Free Press, 1993.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 799
Hayes, Robert H. and Steven C. Wheelwright. Restoring Our Competitive Advantage.New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1984.
Hayes, Robert H., Steven C. Wheelwright, and Kim B. Clark. DynamicManufacturing. New York: The Free Press, 1988.
Hill, Terry . Manufacturing Strategy: Text and Cases, 2nd ed. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin,1994.
Hoque, Faisal, e-Enterprise: Business Models, Architecture, and Components.Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Hutchins, Greg. Purchasing Strategies for Total Quality. Homewood, IL: BusinessOne Irwin, 1992.
Jenkins , Creed H. Complete Guide to Modern Warehousing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall, 1990.
Jordan, James A and Frederick J. Michel. Next Generation Manufacturing: Methodsand Techniques. New York: John Wiley & Sons., 2000.
Kaplan , Robert S. and David P. Norton. The Balanced Scorecard. Boston, MA:Harvard Business School Press, 1996.
____. The Strategy Focused Organization. Boston, MA: Harvard BusinessSchool Press, 2001.
Korabik, Ron. "Get the 'Rock' Out of Your Inventory." APICS: The PerformanceAdvantage 39-41 (June, 1992).
Krupp, James A G. "Are ABC Codes an Obsolete Technology?" APICS: ThePerformance Advantage 34-35 (April 1994).
"JIT in Distribution and Warehousing." Production and InventoryManagement Journal, 18-21 (Second Quarter 1991).
Kuglin, Fred A and Barbara A Rosenbaum. The Supply Chain Network @ InternetSpeed: Preparing Your Company for the E-Commerce Revolution. New York:AMA-COM,2001.
LaLonde, Bernard, Martha C. Cooper, and Thomas G. Noordewier. CustomerService: A Management Perspective. Chicago: Council ofLogistics Management,1988.
LaLonde, Bernard and Paul H. Zinszer. Customer Service: Meaning andMeasurement. Chicago: National Council of Physical Distribution Management ,1976.
Magad , Eugene and John M. Amos. Total Materials Management. New York: VanNostrand Reinhold, 1989.
Makridakis , Spyros and Steven Wheelwright. Forecasting Methods for Management.New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1989.
Martin, Andre. DRP: Distribution Requirements Planning. Essex Junction, VT:Oliver Wight Publications , Inc., 1993.
Martin, John E. "Use Strategic Modeling to Evaluate Warehouse Automation."APICS: The Performance Advantage, 19-22 (December 1993).
McKinnon, Alan C. Physical Distribution Systems. New York: Routledge, 1989.Melnyk, Steven A and Philip L. Carter. Production Activity Control. Homewood,
IL: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1987.Melnyk, Steven A , Philip L/ Carter, David M. Dilts, and David M. Lyth. Shop Floor
Control. Homewood,IL: Dow Jones-Irwin , 1985.
800 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Moore, James F. The Death ofCompetition. New York: HarperBusiness, 1996.Mulcahy, David E. Warehouse Distribution and Operations Handbook. New York:
McGraw-Hill,1994.Neberling, Michael E. "The Rediscovery of Modern Purchasing." International
Journal ofPurchasing and Materials Management 29, (4) 406-453 (Fall 1993).Norris, Grant, James R. Hurley, Kenneth M. Hartkey, John R. Dunleavy, and John D.
Balls. E-Business andERP: Transforming the Enterprise. New York: John Wiley,2000.
Orlicky, Joseph. Material Requirements Planning. New York: McGraw-Hill,1975.Picard, J. "Topology of Physical Distribution Systems in Multi-National
Corporations." International Journal of Physical Distribution and MaterialsManagement, 12, (6) 26-39 (1982).
Poirier, Charles C. and Michael J. Bauer. E-Supply Chain: Using the Internet toRevolutionize Your Business.. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.,2000.
Porter, Michael E. Competitive Advantage. New York: The Free Press, 1985.____. Competitive Strategy. New York: The Free Press, 1980.Prahalad, C.K. and Venkatram Ramaswamy. "The Collaboration Continuum,"
Optimize Magazine, November, 2001.Pyke, David F. and Morris A. Cohen, "Push and Pull in Manufacturing and
Distribution Systems." Journal ofOperations Management 9, (1) 24-43 (1990).Raisch, Warren D. The E-Marketplace: Strategies for Success in B2B E-Commerce.
New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.Rajagopal, Shan and Kenneth N. Bernard. "Strategic Procurement and Competitive
Advantage." International Journal ofPurchasing and Materials Management 29,(4) 65-71 (1993).
Redmond, Jon. "Just-In-Time Inventory Management." Council of Logistics.Management, Annual Conference Proceedings. Vol. 2, 1989, pp. 301-311.
Rime, William K. "ED!: Let's Look at the Basics." APICS: The PerformanceAdvantage 26-28 (June 1993).
Robeson, James F. and Robert G. House (eds.). The Distribution Handbook. NewYork: The Free Press, 1985.
Ross, David F. "Aligning the Organization for World-Class Manufacturing."Production and Inventory Management Journal 22-26 (Second Quarter 1991).
Competing Through Supply Chain Management: Creating MarketWinning Strategies Through Supply Chain Partnerships. New York: Chapman &Hall, 1998.
"DRP II: Connecting the Distribution Enterprise." APICS: ThePerformance Advantage 59-62 (March 1993).
____. Introduction to e-Supply Chain Management : Engaging Technology toBuild Market-Winning Business Partnerships. Boca Raton: St. Lucie Press, 2003.
Savage, Charles M. Fifth Generation Management. Burlington, MA: Digital Press,1990.
Sawhney, Mohan and Jeff Zabin. The Seven Steps to Nirvana: Strategic Insights intoe-Business Transformation. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 801
Schonberger, Richard J. Building a Chain ofCustomers. New York: The Free Press,1990.
____. World Class Manufacturing . New York: The Free Press, 1986.Schorr, John. Purchasing in the 2ist Century. Essex Junction, VT: Oliver Wight
Productions, 1992.Schultz, Terry. BRP: The Journey to Excellence. Milwaukee, WI: The Forum,
1986.Shingo, Shigeo. Study of Toyota Production System. Tokyo: Japan Management
Association, 1981.Smith, Bernard T. Focus Forecasting: Computer Techniques for Inventory Control.
Essex Junction, VT: Oliver Wight Publications, 1984.___ _ . Focus Forecasting and DRP. New York: Vantage Press, 1991.Spencer, Michael, Patricia J. Daugherty, and Dales S. Rogers. "Towards a Deeper
Understanding of JIT: A Comparison Between APICS and Logistics Managers."Production and Inventory Management Journal 23-28 (Third Quarter 1994).
The Standard Industry and Classification Manual . Springfield, VA: NationalTechnical Information Service, 1987.
Taylor, David and Alyse Terhune. Doing E-Business : Strategies for Thriving in anElectronic Marketplace. New York: John Wiley, 2001.
Tompkins, James A. "Distribution Today and Tomorrow." APICS: ThePerformance Advantage 22-28 (April 1994).
Tompkins, James A. and Dale A. Harmelink (eds.). The Distribution ManagementHandbook. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
Tompkins, James A. and Jerry D. Smith (eds.). The Warehouse ManagementHandbook. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988.
Wallace, Thomas F. MRP II: Making It Happen. Essex Junction, VT: Oliver WightPublications, 1985.
Walton, Richard E. Up and Running. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press,1989.
Wantuck, Kenneth A. Just-In-Time for America. Milwaukee, WI: The Forum, 1989.Waters, C.D.J. Inventory Control and Management. New York: John Wiley & Sons,
1992.Webster, Frederick. industrial Marketing Strategy. New York: John Wiley & Sons,
1984.Wemmerlov, Urban. Capacity Management Techniques. Falls Church, VA:
American Production and Inventory Control Society, 1984.Wetzer, Michael. "Will Virtual Corporations Design and Manufacture Virtual
Products?" APICS: The Performance Advantage 27-28 (May 1993).Wight, Oliver. Production and Inventory Management in the Computer Age.
Boston: CBI Publishing, 1974.Wilkins, Robert H. "Cornerstones of Total Quality." APICS: The Performance
Advantage 56-59 (October 1993).Woolsey, Gene. "The Never-Fail Spare-Parts Reduction Method: An Editorial."
Production and Inventory Management Journal 64-66 (4th Quarter 1988)._ _ _ _ . "A Requiem for the EOQ: An Editorial." Production and Inventory
Management Journal 68-72 (3rd Quarter 1988).
802 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Zeitharnl, Valarie, A. Parasuraman, and Leonard L. Berry . Delivering QualityService. New York: The Free Press, 1990.
___. "A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for FutureResearch." Journal ofMarketing 41-50 (Fall 1985).
Zuboff, Shoshana. In the Age of the Smart Machine. New York: BasicBooks, 1988.
Abbo tt Laboratories 249, 369
INDEX
Balanced Scorecard 29, 124-128
ABC analysis 283-287,333-335, 349
Accumulating 81
Ace Hardware 62
Activity-Based Costing (ABC) 29,269
Adaptive SCM. See e-SCM
Advanced Planning Systems (APS)30, 393, 402-409
Agents 69-70
Airborn e 624
Allocation 81
Amazon .com 6, 74,420
APL Logistics 664
Aristotle 778
Armani 186
Assembly 222-223
Asset planning 119-121
Assortments 76, 81
Automation 778-779
Balance sheet I 14-115
Barter 729
Behr Climate 764
Best Buy 62, 108, 226, 573
Bic Pens 184
Bloomindales' s 65
Boyd Company 537
Brokers 69-70, 633-634
Bull Whip Effect 33, 43
Bulk break 76-77 , 221-222,539-540
Burgen Brunswig 62
Burnham Corporation 778-779
Busines s Planningassetplan 112,119-121 ,128balance sheet 114-115Balanced Scorecard 124-128benefits of 113boundaries of 106-110business forecast 112, 118-119business unit 108-109, 112-113capacity estimating 394-395capital utilization plan 123-124cash management 128corporate 106-107critical questions I 10-111defined 105defining goals 111-112Economic Value Added (EVA) 117
804 INDEX
formulating 104-110functional areas 109-110global channels 699-705global trade 699-705goals 103-104income statement 114informationsystems 760inventory management 128,211-
212,213,215,263-264,290-292link to DO&CP 176-178mission statement 104plan disaggregation 112-113planning process 110-113Return on Investment (RIO) 116-
117role of 102technology implementation 791strategy fonnu1ation 104-110supply channel planning 121-128,
223-236types of competitive advantage 108warehousing strategy 550-557
Business Process Reengineering(BRP) 9
Business-to-Business (B2B) 30, 490492,528-529, 771
Business-to-Customer (B2C) 770-771
Cabotage 718
Cardinal Glass 410
Carrying costscalculating 273capital 271function of 247,268,270-271risk 272service 271stockout 273-275storage 272-273
Causal forecast types 156-160
China 6,684
Circuit City 74
Cisco 28
Coca Cola 81,184,682,702,711
Collaborationdefining 35-36e-SCM 24
Collaborative Planning, Forecasting,and Replenishment (CPFR) 28,404,434-436, 490
Colography Group 573, 625
Competitive advantagetypes of 108
Continental Freezers of Illinois 78
Continuous Replenishment Planning(CPR) 434
Cost managementcarrying costs 247channel management 236customer service trade-off 457-459global channel management 706-
707, 710importance of 9inventory 256-258, 265, 266-275logistics capacity 394-395purchasing costs 503-504transportation 635
Customer managementchallenges to 421-422components of 427-427customer service management 437,
447-465demand management 429-437definition of 421-427e-infonnation 28, 31-32e-marketing 468-469fulfillment management 43,445
447
importance of 419-420information systemsInternet technologies 465-470order management 437-447organizational issues 427-429power of the customer 5-6,422Partner Relationship Management
(PRM) 469-470partnership requirements 423principles of 423 -425relation to SCM 18-19relation to technologies 429sales force automation 467-468today's dynamics 422-423values of 427-429
Customer Order Managementconvenience in 438-439,444customer service management 437,
440-441cycle time management 437-438data base management 440dimension of 437 -439importance of 437order management cycle 441-445order picking 565-568performance 439 ,441planning process 439-441shipping 563-565
Customer Relationship Management(CRM). See CustomerManagement
Customer Service Management(CSM)
Customer Interaction Center (CIC)447
definition of 447-450elements ofeffective service 451-
455importance of 447lIT Techniques 437-438managing strategies 450-451, 460-
463measuring performance 453-455,
463-465
INDEX 805
order management 437, 440-441order performance 441performance gaps 455-457service/cost trade-offs 457-459service elements 448-450technologies 459-463
Cycle Counting 287-288
Daimler/Chrysler 684
Dell Computer 32, 775
Demand managementCollaborative Planning, Forecasting
and Replenishment (CPFR) 28,404, 434-436
components of430customer collaboration (CC) 433-
434demand smoothing (DS) 433forecasting demand 432-436importance of429-430strategies 4:~0-432
supply chain engineering (SCE)433
techniques for 433-436
Demand, Operations and ChannelPlanning (DO&CP)
basics of 176-178components of 178-179definition of 177-178goal of 177-178inputs and outputs 179-181information systems 760link to business strategy 176-178logistics planning 210-223marketing planning 181-195plan integration 236-238production planning 202-210sales planning 195-202supply channel planning 223-236volume/mix planning 177
Delphi Method 142
806 INDEX
Deutsche Post 689
Distribution managementcapacity planning 393-401challenges 90-91characteristics of 65-67components of 60-61definition of 60-64, 75-79e-business types 73-75environmental concerns 7global management of 705-718global strategies 693-699globalization of 6-7history of 3-4, IIimportance of 3-4, 5-6information systems 765-767labor and equipment planning 399level of channel exposure 231Logistics Service Providers (LSPs)658-675magnitude of 64manufacturing 61materials management flow 86-89need for 80-82outsourcing 8-9physical distribution flow 86-89retailers 61-62strategies 91-92supply channel planning 121-128,223-236transaction functions 82-86transportation planning 395-397types of 67-75types of international channels 707710value-added processing 77,83,219-223warehouse space planning 216-219,398-399warehousing strategy 550-557wholesalers 61-62
Distribution Requirements Planning(DRP)
basics of 370-374Bill ofDistribution (BOD) 385,400"bucketless" view
calculation of 377-383capacity planning 393-40 Icompared to order point 360-366,
381-384Distribution Resource Planning
(DRP II) 765-767forecasting in 376-377gross requirements calculation 371
372historical view of 366-370information management systems
401-402introduction to 359-360inventory cost planning 394-395lumpy demand 364manufacturing system interface
400-401order policies 374-376perpetual inventory control 367planning horizon 377planning process 389-393processing 374-377replenishment timing 367-369safety stock in 377supply chain planning 383-389,
387-389
Distribution Resource Planning (DRPII)
definition 765functional diagram 766importance of 765-766
eBay 770
e-businessestypes 73-75
e-Collaboration 771
e-SCMcollaboration 24, 35-36components of26-36CRM 31-32definition of 23-26e-information 27-30importance of 21-23
interoperability 24-25synchronization 32-35
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)329-333
Economic Value Added (EVA) 117
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)24,25 ,30,35,434,489,762,767-769, 769-770
Efficient Customer Response (ECR)434
Electronic bill presentment andpayment (EBPP) 648
Emery 624
Enterprise Information Systems (ElS)architectural issues 757-763benefits of 763-765business applications 760-763components of 757-765concept of 750configuring 756-757connectivity tools 767-772database 752decision analysis 754distribution systems 765-767Distribution Resource Planning
(DRP II) 765-767DRP II functional diagram 766Electronic Data Interface (EDI)
24,25 ,30,35 ,434,489,762,767-769, 769-770
Internet connectivity 769-772solutions implementation 781-782value-added networks 767, 769-
770
ERP 758functional diagram 759management control 753-754principles of 754-756simulation 754
INDEX 807
strategic planning 754transaction management 753
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)9,18,25,247,429
Environmental concerns 7
Exponential Smoothing 149-153
Exporting 72-73, 699-702
Extrinsic forecasting. See Causalforecast types
Federal Express 28,624,633
First-In-First-Out (FIFO) 277-278
Focus Forecasting 154-156
Ford Motor Company 61,645,682
Forecast tracking signals 165-167
Forecastingadaptive exponential smoothing
151-153averages 147-148 .Causal forecast types 156-160characteristics of 136-138database 137,168definition of 134-138Delphi Method 142development of 160-165Exponential Smoothing 149-151family level 179-180, 196-197,
198-200forecasting demand 432-436Focus Forecasting 154-156forecast error 165-167general characteristics 135-136importance of 133-134, 135levelofdetail 137management control 138, 160-165,
169
808 INDEX
Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)166-167
outliers 146, 165pyramid forecasting 199-200qualitative techniques 141-1quantitative techniques 143sales forecast tracking 201-2seasonality 145-146,153-15simple models 146-147time horizons 136-137time series analysis 144-146tracking signals 165-167trends 145-146types of 140-160weighted averages 148-149why forecasts fail 167-169
Freight-on-board (FOB) 511-512,713, 733
Fulfillmentchanges to 446-447importance of 445-446relation to SCM 18,43
Gap 602
Gateway 32,61,66
General Motors 645Gillette 602
Globalizationbarriers to 688-693cultural barriers 689-690deregulation 686factors of 683-693financial restrictions 690-691growing competition 684-685importance of 6-7, 683infrastructures 692Internet impact 688logistics systems 687-688NAFTA 685security 691strategic alliances 686-687
supply channels 225-226tariffs 688-689, 734trends 683-688,692-693trading blocks 6
Grupo Eroski 436
Henkel KGA 436
Hewlett Packard 499
Home Depot 62, 108
Homeland Security 656-657,670
IBM 32
Importingbasics of 72-73
Income statement 114
Incoterms 712-713
Information technologyAdvanced Planning Systems (APS)
30, 393,402-409automation 778-779CRM 465-470configuring 756-772connectivity 750-752,767-772customer service 459-463design collaboration software
(DCS) 30DRP 303,400-401DRP II 765-767e-information 27-30e-SCM 19-36EDI 24,25,30,35,434,762,767-
769,769-770Electronic bill presentment andpayment (EBPP) 648Enterprise Information Systems(EIS) 750, 752-767,Enterprise Resource Planning
(ERP) 9,18,25,30implementation of 782-791
importance of 10,747-750information flows 748-749integration concept 750-752, 780foundations of 748-756logistics 43-44Manufacturing Execution Systems
(MES) 30MRP 30,254,300,303,312,360,
761MRP II 30Networking concept 750-752principles of 754-756purchasing management 509-510 ,
523-524solutions strategies 772-782Supplier Relationship Management
(SRM) 489-492, 510, 522-529Supply Chain Event Management
(SCEM) systems 409-412Supply Chain Management
applications 29,304-305,401412,762,748-749
Supply Chain Planning (SCP)systems 304-305 ,402-409,429
Transportation Management System(TMS) 657-658
Warehouse Management System(WMS) 603-604 ,647,762
Warehousing 574-575, 603-604,762
Information technologyimplementation
components of 782-783Part 1: Aligning Information
Technology and CompanyStrategies 783-784, 788-789
Part 2: Selecting TechnologySolutions 785-786
Part 3: Software Implementation786-788
Part 4: Continuous Improvement788-791
project management 787-788
Information technology solutionsstrategies
INDEX 809
automation 778-779choosing 778-782, 785-786Enterprise Information Systems
(EIS) 781-782evaluating 775-778identifying 773-775importance of 772-773implementation 782-791integrated 780partial integration 779-781
Intel 6,8
International channel strategiesdirect ownership 704-705documentation 716-718,734-737duties 713-714exporting 699-702finance 715-716incoterms 712-713joint ventures 703-704licensing 702-703marketing issues 710-715pricing 714-715service/cost 706-707terms of sale 712-714transportation in 712types ofdistribution demand 707
710
International distributionair transport 722-723al-Qaida 737barriers to 688-693Brazil 684cabotage 718Canada 685, 723, 729, 737, 738,
739Central America 684channel development 699-718China 684, 740-742Denmark 740deregulation 686documentation 716-718, 734-737duties 713-714Eastern Europe 682,737environment of 737-742
810 INDEX
Euro 790European Union (EU) 685, 689,
698, 739-740exporting 699-702financing in 715-716forces driving 683-693Germany 686, 740GulfWar II 737, 740historical dynamics 681-682Hong Kong 740-742incoterms 712-713intermodal 719-720Japan 684,698,740-742management of 705-718Mad Cow Disease 737Mexico 684,685,723,738-739Middle East 737~A.FTA. 685, 723, 738-739North America 738-739ocean transport 720-722Pacific Rim 682, 684, 685, 698,
737,740-742purchasing 726-737Russia 682, 730Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome (SAAS) 737South America 684South Korea 684strategies 693-699surface transport 723-724Sweden 740transportation in 718-724United kingdom 740warehousing in 724-726Western Europe 684,724,739-740
International purchasingadvantage of 727barter 729contrast with domestic purchasing
732cosUprice 728, 733countertrade 729-730documentation 716-718, 734-737growth of 727-728import documents 735-736importance of 726-727
JIT/Lean 726,727management process 730-737payment methods 734planning process 736-737RFQ 733sourcing 731-733tariffs 734terms 733-734
InternetBusiness-to-Business (B2B) 30,
490-492,528-529, 771Business-to-Customer (B2C) 770-
771e-Collaboration 771e-commerce 770-771e-information 27-30ED! phase 769-770Extensible Markup Language
(XML) 770CRM 420,465-470globalization 6, 688importance of 10, 769Logistics Service Providers (LSPs)
663-666marketing 770phases of 769-772purchasing 490-492team-based organization 49-51trading exchanges 490-492, 528-
529, 771
Inventory controlA.BC analysis 283-287accuracy 264-265, 341-342customer service performance 288-
290cycle counting 287-288distribution by value report 284
287importance of 281-283inventory investment 211-212,
247-248,263-264,290-292performance measurement 288-292shrinkage 281-282surplus and obsolete 286-287turnover ratios 128,290-292
transaction point control 281-283
Inventory costsabsorption 276Activity Based Costing (ABC) 29,
269carrying cost 247,268,270-275decision 269-275direct 268-269,276elements of 266-268estimating 394-395fixed 269importance of 266incremental 275indirect 269operational 268-269procurement 270stockout 268, 273-275sunk 268transportation 270
Inventory managementABC analysis 283-287accuracy 264-265,341-342anticipation inventory 252-253carrying costs 247,268,270-275channel flow 248-250 , 264channel planning 211-212,213-215control 281-292cost management 256-258 , 265,
266-275,394-395cycle (lot size) 252cycle counting 287-288defining 248-250functions of 252-255hedge 254importance of 245-246independent demand 252information systems 761investment planning 211-212, 214-
215,247-248,263-264,290-292Just-In-Time (JIT) 261,254,255lumpy demand 364Maintenance, Repair and Operating
(MRO) 185,478,482,494-496,505
management process 262-265
INDEX 811
managing uncertainty 261-262magnitude of 250manufacturing 249nature of 251performance measurements 128,
265,288-292perpetual control 276,367physical distribution 249postponement 212,219-223principles of 255-262product classification 184-185,
187-188"pull" systems 258-261, 344-347purchasing classification 495-496purchasing strategy 494-496purpose of 246-248, 255"push" systems 255,344, 347-349quality 257role of information 258-261safety stock 252,305-306,311,
315-322 , 342, 362service elements 256-258strategy 263-264, 211-212supplier managed inventory (SMI)
259-260surplus and obsolete 286-287transportation costs 248, 253-254transportation strategies 620tum ratios 128,290-292valuation 275-280value-added processing 219-223vendor managed inventories (VMI)
259-260Warehouse Management Systems
(WMS) 603-604,647,762work-in-process (WIP) 254
Inventory planningaccuracy 341-342adjusting channel imbalances 351-
352Bills of Material (BOMs) 300,343DRP basics 370-374DRP calculation 377-383DRP concepts 303DRP processing 374-377EOQ 328-335
812 INDEX
"Fair Shares" 352-353importance of 298-299JIT 304, 335-340lead time 314-315,342MAD 317-319MRP 300,303,312multiechelon warehouses 349-353optimization techniques 304-305order point 303,362order point methods 322-328order quantity techniques 328-335order techniques 300-305periodic review 303"Pull" systems 258-261,344-347purchasing classification 495-496purchasing strategy 494-496"Push" systems 255,344,347-349replenishment techniques 305-310safety stock 252, 305-306, 311.,
315-322,342,362statistical replenishment process
341-343Time Phased Order Point (TPOP)
303-304,305transportation strategies 620two bin system 301-303types ofdemand 299-300visual review 301
Inventory replenishment techniquescompared to DRP 381-384concept of 305-307continuous review 308-309cycle stock 305-306Kardex 308, 367methods 322-328order point techniques 306-307,
310-328,362order quantity techniques 328-335periodic review 309-310planning process 341-343principles of 307problems with 360-366replenishment review interval 308-
310safety stock 252, 305-306, 311,
315-322,342,362
Inventory valuationabsorption costing 276accounting systems 275-276actual 279-280average 279direct costs 268-269,276first-in-first-out (FIFO) 277-278last-in-first-out (LIFO) 278-279periodic system 275perpetual system 276, 367standard cost 277
Iraq 340
J.F. Braun & Sons 257
Japan 6,684,698
Jewel Foods 78
Just-In-Time (JIT)concepts 16,35,62,107,254,255,
261,304future of 340information technologies 772international trade 727mechanics of 337-340replenishment flow 339SCM use 336-337philosophy of 335transportation 652
Kitting 222
Korea 340
Labeling 222
Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) 278-279,715
Lean Manufacturing. SeeJIT.
Leaseway Transportation Corporation659
LogisticsBull whip effect 33,43centralized 46competitive weapon 9,16-17decentralized 12-14,46definition of 37-39e-information 29fleet management 41freight 41history of 10-23importance of 9inbound 38, 109information technology 43integrated 15-17international transportation 718-
724international warehousing 724-726load planning 41Logistics Service Providers (LSPs)
42-43, 658-670magnitude of 39materials management 38, 109matrix organizations 48network design 40-41operation of39-46order management 41organization of 46outbound 39, 109performance measurement 44-46physical distribution 39, 109planning 210-223procurement 41production 37-39relation to SCM 17-19reverse logistics 45-46team-based 49-51total cost management 14-15transportation 41warehouse management 41
Logistics capacity planningfinancial estimating 394-395importance of 393labor and equipment planning 349transportation estimating 395-397warehouse space planning 398-399
INDEX 813
Logistics planningcapacity plan 212,393-401inventory plan 211-212,213-215link to DO&CP 179planning process 211-213postponement 212,219-223purpose of 210-211shipping plan 212transportation 215-216warehouse capacity 216-219value-added processing 212,219-
223
Logistics Service Providers (LSPs)challenges to 668-670choosing a LSP 666-668.comLLP 664-666fourth party logistics (4PLs) 663growth of 659-660importance of 42-43, 658-659Internet-driven 663-666Lead Logistics Providers (LLPs)
663,666-667problems with 660revenues of 659-660suite of services 660-666value offered 660-661
Lucent Technologies 410
Manufacturingchannel-based organization 63information systems 761-762inventory flow 249Lean 62,78,254,255process-based organization 62product-based organization 62production planning 202-210supply channel position 61WIP inventories 254wholesale offices 70-71
Marketingchannel operations 183-184, 223
236channels 601-61
814 INDEX
e-CRM 468-469global issues 710-715Internet-driven 770link to DO&CP 178-179market development 192-195operating profit calculation 194-
195planning process 182-184pricing 183,714-715product classification 184-185product decisions 186-187product families 184-185,187-188product life cycle 183, 188-191product management 184-187promotions 183purpose of 181-182services management 184-187,
191-192terms of sale 511-512,712-714
Master Production Scheduling (MPS)400-401,761
Materials Managementflows 86-89fundamentals of 38
Maytag 104
McDonalds 66, 711
McDonnell Douglas 729
McKesson 62
Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD)166-167,317-318
Mercedes 186
Merchandizing 79
Merchant Wholesalers 67-69
Nordstrom's 66
North American Free TradeAgreement (NAFTA) 685,723,738-739
Occidental Petroleum 750
Order Pointaccuracy of 342adjusting 312-314basics of 305-307,311-322combining techniques 327-328compared to DRP 381-384formula 311item usage 311-314joint replenishment 324-326lead time 314-315,342MAD 317-318methods 322-328min/max 323-324periodic review 326-327problems with 362safety stock 252, 305-306, 311,
315-322,342,362statistical order point 322-323terms 310-311trends 312-314
Order quantity techniquesbasics of 328-329EOQ 329-333EOQ assumptions 332-333EOQ problems 343item class replenishment 333-335problems with 362-363quantity discounts 331-332
Outsourcing 491
Packaging 222
Pareto Principle 283
Partner Relationship Management(PRM) 469-470
Performance MeasurementsActivity-Based Costing (ABC) 29
asset management 128Balanced Scorecard 29cash management 128inventory management 128Logistics 44-46manufacturing 204, 209-210purchasing 480, 500-50 I, 515, 522sales 439,441 ,453-455 ,463-465Total Quality Management (TQM)9, 16,35,45transportation 649-652warehousing 568-571
Physical Distributionflows 86-89, 249fundamentals of 39
Postponement 212, 219-223
Priceline.com 770
Procter & Gamble 602, 682
Procuremente-business 30
Product life cycle 183, 188-191
Product managementbasics of 184-187consumer goods 185-186convenience goods 185global issues 711industrial goods 185MRO 185,478,482,494-496,505product classification 184-185,
187-188shopping goods 185
Production Planningaggregate capacity 204, 208-209developing 204-209link to DO&CP 179performance 204,209-210planning process 202-204production rate 203,204-207purpose of 202
INDEX 815
resource profiles 204, 208-209
Purchase Order Managementblanket PO 509costs 503-504database accuracy 502-504direct ship 509importance of 501-502processing cycle 504-508MRO 505negotiating 506-509P-card 527performance measurement 515-522receiving 512-514,538,561-565Request for Quotation (RFQ) 503,
524,526status reporting 514-515terms of sale 511-512transportation 510-512types ofPO 508-510
Purchasing Managementbuyer 's role 481-482,507-508centralized/decentralized 483contracting 480contrast with internationalpurchasing 732countertrade 729-730defining 477-478e-procurement 490-492, 522-529importance of 475-476information systems 762international 726-737international planning 736-737inventory strategy 494-496item classification 495-496MRO 185,478,482,495-496,505,
762negotiating 506-507objectives of 483order management process 501-515organization 480-483,493,518-
522outsourcing 491payment methods 734performance 480, 500-50 I, 515-
522
816 INDEX
planner's role 507-508receiving 512-514 ,538,561-565responsibilities 479-480Request for Quote (RFQ) 503, 524,
526, 762sourcing 479,488-489,524-525,
730-733strategy development 492-501Supplier Relationship Management
(SRM) 486-492, 496-498technology applications 489-492,
498-500,510types ofproducts purchased 478value-added services 527-528value analysis 479
Quick Response (QR) 772
Regression Analysis 157-160
Retailersorganization of 61-62organizational objectives 63wholesale offices 70-71
Return on Investment (RIO) 116-117
Reverse logistics 45-46,
Rolls Royce 193
Safety stock 252, 311, 315-322, 342,362,377
Sales and Operations Planning(S&OP) . SeeDemand,Operations and Channel Planning(DO&CP)
Sales force automation (SFA) 467468
Sales Planningforecast of sales 197,198-200link to DO&CP 179managing resources 197performance 198
planning process 196-198purpose of 195-196pyramid forecasting 199-200strategy development 197tracking of forecast 201-202
Sam's Wholesale Club 64
SAP 104
Sears, Roebuck & Co. 62,249,659
Seasonality 145-146,153-154
Sequencing 78
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS) 737
Sony 61
Specialization 80-82
Sorting 81,221,538
Strategic planning. See Businessplanning
Sun Micro Systems 32
Supplier Relationship Management(SRM)
components of 487-492e-SRM 490-492growth of 486-487outsourcing 491performance 516-518strategic sourcing 488-489,524
525trading exchanges 490-492, 528
529technology applications 489-492,
510, 522-529value-added services 527-528versus traditional purchasing 486
487
Supplier Relationship Managementtechnologies
applications 523-524auctions 527e-procurement 525-527e-sourcing 525-526growth of 522-524trading exchanges 490-492, 525
529value-added services 527-528
Supply Chain Operations ReferenceModel (SCOR) 29, 34
Supply Chain Management (SCM)bull whip effect 33,43.comLLPs 664-666channel structure 7-9,226-227,230-233 ,249channel planning 223-236collaboration 24, 35-36Collaborative Planning,
Forecasting , and Replenishment(CPFR) 28,404,434-436,490
components of 17-19e-SCM 19-36fulfillment 18-19global strategies 693-699history of 10-23importance of 4-5information systems 748-750, 765-
767interoperability 24-25inventory 248-250, 343-353JIT 336-337Logistics Service Providers (LSPs)
658-678operations management 233-236outsourcing 8-9problems with 19-21production 18relation to logistics II, 12,36-37SCM software 29,401-412sourcing and procurement 18stages of 10-23strategic performancemeasurements 123-128
INDEX 817
strategic planning 121-128strategy of 17-18synchronization 32-35transition to e-SCM 22-23value-networks 10, 17warehouse strategy 550-557
Supply chain event management(SCEM) systems 409-412
Supply chain planning (SCM) systems304-305,402-409
Supply Channel Planningbasics of 226-227capacity management 393-401cost management 236defining channel mission 227-330inventory 248-250, 343-353link to DO&CP 179operations management 233-236performance 235-236planning process 224-226purpose of 223-224service outputs 230-231structures 226-227,230-233,249supplyuse ofDRP 383-389
SYSCO 62
Terms of sale 511-512, 733-734
Theory ofConstraints (TOC) 393,403-409
Third Party Logistics (3PL). SeeLogistics Service Providers(LSPs)
Timex 193
Total Quality Management (TQM) 9,16,35,45
Trading exchanges 490-492, 528-529
818 INDEX
Transportationair transport 623-625,722-723brokers 633-634common carriers 631container on a rail flatcar (COFC)
629-630contract carriers 632costs 270, 635deadhead 638defining 610-620demurrage 614detention 614documentation 647-648freight forwarders 633importance of 609-611, 616-617inbound 510-512intermodal 628-630,653,719-720international 718-724intransit storage 615issues facing 652-658Logistics Service Providers (LSBs)
658-670management process 636-638modes of 620-630motor carrier contract 673-675motor transport 620-622, 723-724parcel post 633payment 648performance 649-652performance characteristics 634-
635pipelines 627-628planning 215-216,395-397,637-
652principles of 611-613private carriers 632-633railroad transport 622-623, 723-
724rates 614-615,639-640reconsignment/diversion 614,615regulated carriers 631-632regulation 654-657relation to other business functions
616-620service agencies 633-634services 613-615statistics 616
strategic planning 618tapering principle 611,637tariff 638terms of sale 511-512,712-714traffic management 542,618transportation profiles 216truck trailer on a rail flatcar (TOFC)
629types of 630-634water transport 625-627, 720-722
Transportation issuesHomeland Security 656-657,670infrastructure of 652-653innovations 653intermodalism 628-630,653, 719-
720JIT/Lean 652regulation 653-657Transportation Management
Systems (TMS) 657-658
Transportation planningdocumentation 647-648elements of 638-639milkrun 645payment 648performance 649-652rates 639-640scheduling and routing 644-647transport mode selection 640-644Transportation Management
Systems (TMS) 657-658Warehouse Management Systems
(WMS) 647
lIPS 104,624,633,773
U.S. Post Office 633
Value-added processingadvantage of 220assembly 222-223bulk break 76-77,221-222contrast with manufacturing 223elements of 220-223, 538information systems 761-762
kitting 222labeling 222packaging 222purpose of 77,83,219,538sorting 81,221,538
Value networks 10, 17
Vendor managed inventory (VMI)259-260,434,661
Venezuela 340
W. W. Granger 6
Wal-Mart 6,8,60,62,65,67,104,108,249,537,601
Warehouse designAS/RS systems 597, 600-601automation 574-575, 598-603bar codes 600cantilever racks 593carousels 596cost analysis 581-582decision issues 578-579flow racks 593importance of 577-578layout and equipment 585-604locating 582-585micro-location factors 582-584radio frequency 599reasons for 578-579size and number of 579-582small parts storage 594-597types ofstorage 590-597Warehouse Management Systems
(WMS) 603-604,647
Warehousingautomation 574-575, 598-603bonded 548bulkbreak 76-77,221-222,539-
540capacity 216-219cold storage 548contract 546-547 ,555-556
INDEX 819
cross-docking 540,574-575definition of 537free-trade 549functions of 538-542importance of 535-536international 724-726intransit storage 615layout 586-590management process 557-571material handling 538nature of 572-574network design 577-585order management 541-542order picking 565-568partnerships 575-577performance measurement 568-571planning 216-219,398-399private 543-544,555-556public 544-546, 555-556receiving 512-514,538,561-563shipping 542, 563-565sorting 81,221,538special services 548-550standards for 558-561storage 538-541strategy development 550-557technology applications 574-575,
603-604traffic management 542trends in 571-577types of 543-547types of storage 590-597warehouse management 41Warehouse Management Systems
(WMS) 603-604,647,762
Whirlpool 659
Wholesalersbrokers and agents 69-70challenges to 90-91definition 66-67distributors' offices 70-71durable/nondurable goods 73e-businesses 73-75exporting 72-73functions of 75-79
820 INDEX
importing 72-73manufacturers' offices 70-71materials management flow 86-89merchant 67-69need for 80-82organization of 61-62physical distribution flow 86-89strategies 91-92transaction functions 82-86types of 67-75value-added processing 77, 83
Yamaha 8
Zenith 226
Top Related