E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 1
BI Group Commitments and Major Issues for Distributed Systems
E.B. Holzer, J.J. Gras, O.R. Jones
CERN AB/BI
Third LHC Project Workshop - Chamonix XV
January 24, 2006
Divonne-les-Bains
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 2
Outline
BI Responsibilities (J.J. Gras)
Beam Synchronous Timing (J.J. Gras)
Beam Position Monitor System (R. Jones)
Beam Loss Monitor System
Summary
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 3
BI Responsibilities
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 4
Responsibility Limits
AB/BI will provide the monitors the electronics the front end software the corresponding expert applications
to develop, test, deploy, diagnose and maintain the instruments produced by the group
AB/BI is NOT responsible for any software above the BI front end servers necessary to operate the machine, i.e. BPM, BLM Concentrators RT Feed Back Loops and Fixed Displays Middle Tier Black Boxes Operational Applications Post-mortem and Logging Applications Video and Analog Signal Transmission
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 5
People in Charge
All components of the BI mandate covered
Equipment Project Leader
Monitor Electronics FE Software Exp. Appl.
Commissioning
BOB (BST) J.J. Savioz
n.a. J.J. Savioz P. Karlsson BLM, BPM experts
BPM R. Jones C. Boccard
E. Calvo L. Jensen J. Wenninger (OP), W. Herr (ABP), Y.
Papaphilippou (ABP)
BLM B. Dehning
E.B. Holzer
C. Zamantzas, E. Effinger, J. Emery
S. Jackson R. Assmann (ABP), H. Burkhardt (ABP),
J.B. Jeanneret (ABP), S. Gilardoni
(ABP)
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 6
Beam Synchronous Timing – BOBM and BOBR
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 7
Commitments
The BST (BOB) system based on TTC technology will provide to the LHC beam instrumentation 40 MHz bunch synchronous clock 11 kHz LHC revolution frequency
In addition, it will allow the encoding of beam synchronous messages for LHC instrumentation triggering and for broadcasting of machine status (mode, intensity, energy, turn
number…) can be updated on every LHC turn
BST system expected to be available at start-up (as soon as the RF signal is received)
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 8
Clients
The BPM rely on BST for orbit, trajectories, multi-turn acquisitions and post-mortem triggering
BLM will rely on BST only for the post-mortem and logging trigger
BST will be used by other instruments to synchronise themselves (BTVM, BWS, BSRT…) or with each others
The machine status has proven to be of interest to the LHC experiments, which will receive this information using their standard TTC receivers and decoders [see EDMS 638899]
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 9
Testing Plans
BST system is a collaboration between AB/CO (Master HW and Firmware) and AB/BI (Master Server/RT and Receiver HW/FM/SW)
Three systems are foreseen (SPS, LHC B1 and B2)
The recent v2 functionality covers the need (currently being tested)
BOB system will be commissioned on SPS in 2006 and assessed during the LHC sector test (with the SPS BOB Master)
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 10
Beam Position Monitors - BPM
Status Performance Commissioning Cuts proposed for Stage I
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 11
Status of BPM Electronic Components
Wide Band Time Normaliser (analogue front-end) Successfully tested in TI8 and SPS Series Production (4500 units) launched by the end of January 2006
Digital Acquisition Board (DAB64x - TRIUMF) Series production (1800 units) started. BI standard for BPM, BLM, Fast
BCT and Q measurement acquisition
Network Infrastructure in place Fibre-optic, coaxial cable
and WorldFIP control links
The BPM acquisition hardware is expected to be fully functional for LHC start-up
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 12
BPM Performance
Resolution (rms)
Pilot bunchTrajectory (single shot) 200 μm
Orbit (224 turn average) 20 μm
Nominal intensity bunch
Trajectory (single shot, single bunch) 50 μm
Trajectory (average of all bunches 5 μm
Orbit (average of all bunches over 224 turns) 5 μm
-5%
-4%
-3%
-2%
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
1E+08 1E+09 1E+10 1E+11 1E+12
Number of Charges per Bunch
Per
cent
age
Err
or w
.r.t
. H
alf
Rad
ius
[%]
Linearity - High SensitivityLinearity - Low SensitivityNoise - High SensitivityNoise - Low sensitivity
Pilot Nominal Ultimate
For LHC Arc BPMs 1% ~ 130m
NominalPb ion
-5%
-4%
-3%
-2%
-1%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
1E+08 1E+09 1E+10 1E+11 1E+12
Number of Charges per Bunch
Per
cent
age
Err
or w
.r.t
. H
alf
Rad
ius
[%]
Linearity - High SensitivityLinearity - Low SensitivityNoise - High SensitivityNoise - Low sensitivity
Pilot Nominal Ultimate
For LHC Arc BPMs 1% ~ 130m
NominalPb ion
Nominal resolution (5 μm) for single bunch: intensity
> 2-3·1010 charges per bunch global orbit: 43 pilot bunches
Linearity versus IntensityBPM operating threshold ~1·109 charges/bunch corresponds to 17% nominal ion bunch intensity
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 13
Commissioning with the BPM System I
Before Beam Test of the system in the SPS and TI8
Gives confidence in performance Allows software development and debugging
Full calibration of the LHC acquisition chain part of BPM hardware commissioning
First Turn Asynchronous Mode
Auto-triggered - no dependence on external timing
Intensity Measurement – aim to have this operational BUT currently concentrating on the position system implies considerable amount of additional software as intensity measurement
uses acquisition system of other ring lack of intensity card DOES NOT affect position measurement
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 14
Commissioning with the BPM System II
First few to 1000 Turns Timing-in of BST system
Allows bunch/turn tagging Can be done in parallel to asynchronous acquisition
Circulating Beam at 450 GeV Global Orbit Mode
Available once BST is timed-in Allows post-mortem to be used Real-time orbit data available
Capture Mode Triggered on request Allows bunch to bunch and turn-by-turn data Can generate a large amount of data
will require concentrators and powerful analysis software to be in place
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Commissioning with the BPM System
Snapback, Ramp and Squeeze Real-time global orbit data available for feedback
Requires concentrator, feedback algorithms and real-time correction to be available to implement the feedback.
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Cuts proposed for Stage I on Multi Turn Acqu. System
Multi turn acquisition up to 100’000 turns on one user selected bunch
or the beam average
Always on consecutive turns
Always on all BPMs at the same time
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Beam Loss Monitors - BLM
Status System Tests Updating the Threshold Tables Synchronization BLM for Ions
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Status I
Network infrastructure: done Detectors: almost all components received
Ionization chambers (3800): Production at CERN started (40), Production in Prodvino will start in February. Production rate 20/day, total production time: 1 year
Secondary emission monitors, SEM (320): Prototyping phase, working design. Production foreseen to start Q1 2007, and take 2 months Expected to be ready for LHC commissioning (not for sector test)
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Status II
Electronics Crates (456 in the tunnel and 105 on the surface) and power supplies:
installation started Acquisition in the tunnel: pre-series production started (50 out of 750
cards) Acquisition on the surface: series production started for DAB card, pre-
series production started for mezzanine card (30 out of 400 cards) Interlock and testing (“combiner card”, 25 cards): under design
To be done – all expected to be ready for LHC commissioning Addition to DAB card program
Post-mortem Final communication tests with threshold tables
Combiner card CFC program: implementation of additional high voltage tests
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 20
System ready for LHC and fulfill the Specifications?
Hardware expected to be ready for LHC start-up Plan B: possible to install smaller number of detectors - unlikely
Threshold tables (calibration of BLM) based on simulations. Plan B: ask for beam tests in the LHC to calibrate the BLM system
Analysis effort of BLM logging and post-mortem data (sector test and LHC beam data, “parasitic” and dedicated tests) to be started in 2006! Calibration of threshold tables Interpretation of BLM signal patterns Large amount of data to be analyzed
Extensive software tools for data analysis essential to fulfill the specifications! Start now to specify and implement!
Logging and post-mortem need to work for Sector Test!
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BLMS Testing Procedures PhD thesis G. Guaglio
Radioactive source test (before start-up)
Functional tests
Barcode check
HV modulation test (implemented)
Double optical line comparison (implemented)
10 pA test (implemented)
Thresholds and channel assignment SW checks (implemented)
Beam inhibit lines tests (under discussion)
DetectorTunnel
electronicsSurface
electronicsCombiner
Inspection frequency:
Reception Installation and yearly maintenance Before (each) fill Parallel with beam
Current source test (last installation step)
Threshold table beam inhibit test (under discussion)
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Updating the Threshold Tables
How to change threshold tables technically Possibility to write them via VME interface: will be used in the lab and
disabled by a hardware switch when installed in the tunnel During commissioning and during operation the threshold tables can only
be changed locally via a dedicated interface
How to change them conceptually Empirically define procedure After analysis of loss data possibility to change the energy and loss
duration dependence
Define needs and production of software tools Generation of threshold tables “Management of Critical Settings” (MCS)
Managing and Archiving of threshold tables Group monitors according to magnet types for faster changing of threshold
tables
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Synchronization
For reliability reasons the BLM system does not use external timing (other than for post-mortem and logging triggering)
Synchronization of timing windows between different BLM DAB cards?
e.g.: update interval of 5.5 s time window is 82 ms:
Moving Average
Refreshing Rate
40 μs 40 μs
80 μs 40 μs
0.3 ms 40 μs
0.6 ms 40 μs
2.6 ms 80 μs
10 ms 80 μs
82 ms 2.6 ms
0.3 s 2.6 ms
1.3 s 82 ms
5.5 s 82 ms
21 s 1.3 s
84 s 1.3 s
5.5 s max. 82 ms time jitter
BLM DAB 1BLM DAB 2
Logging Readout Frequency 1 Hz
1 s
BLM DAB 1BLM DAB 2
time
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BLM for Ions I
Considerably less simulations available than for protons at the moment much higher uncertainty for the BLM system
Simulations of ion loss maps done (H. Braun) additional monitors; Error studies still to be done (AB/ABP)
300 350 400 450 500 5500
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
distance from IP3 (m)
Pa
rtic
le lo
ss
ra
te (
10
00
m-1 s
-1 )
Beam 2 Particle losses in IR3 dispersion suppressor, =60min
Pb207
Pb206
Pb205
Pb204
Pb203
Tl204
Tl203
Tl199
others
AT
LA
S
LH
Cb
IR7
IR6
(d
um
p)
CM
S
IR4
(R
F)
IR3
AL
ICE
AT
LA
S
MQ
TL
I.8
L3
.B2
MQ
.8L
3.B
2
MB
.A9
L3
.B2
MB
.B9
L3
.B2
MQ
TL
I.A
9L
3.B
2M
QT
LI.
B9
L3
.B2
MQ
.9L
3.B
2
MB
.A1
0L
3.B
2
MB
.B1
0L
3.B
2
MQ
TL
I.1
0L
3.B
2M
Q.1
0L
3.B
2
MB
.A1
1L
3.B
2
MB
.B1
1L
3.B
2
MQ
TL
I.1
1L
3.B
2M
Q.1
1L
3.B
2
MB
.A1
2L
3.B
2
MB
.B1
2L
3.B
2
MB
.C1
2L
3.B
2
MQ
.12
L3
.B2
MQ
T.1
2L
3.B
2
MB
.A1
3L
3.B
2
MB
.B1
3L
3.B
2
MB
.C1
3L
3.B
2
MQ
.13
L3
.B2
MQ
T.1
3L
3.B
2
H. Braun
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BLM for Ions II
BFPP simulations for ALICE: loss positions (J. Jowett) and showers through dipole magnet (R. Bruce) additional monitors Main dipoles: ratio of energy deposited
in magnet versus energy deposited in the BLM detector is roughly the same as for protons Ratio of quench (damage) level to BLM
signal about the same as for protons Similar threshold tables for protons and ions
standard BLMs (local aperture limitations) at right position
Future simulations (other EM processes) might lead to more requests for BLMs Energy position in the hottest part of the
coil and at the BLM location (FLUKA, LHC Project Note 379, R. Bruce et al.)
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 26
Summary
The BST, BPM (possibly excluding intensity measurement) and BLM hardware systems are expected to be fully operational for LHC start-up.
BPM various modes of acquisition should allow the necessary data to be available when required.
BLM calibration requires logging and post-mortem plus MCS - starting from the Sector Test.
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 27
Some additional slides
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Functional Tests
Radiation tests of tunnel electronics (PSI) Temperature test (tunnel electronics) Detector test in booster, T2, H6, PSI: uncertainty (up to a factor of 2)
to be corrected for with the results of M. Stockner’s thesis. Long term test of whole acquisition system: booster and DESY Test of quench levels (threshold calibration): Laboratory, HERA,
sector test, simulations
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Quench protection system (damage protection)
BLM system damage protection, no redundancy
Required Accuracy for Damage Protection
Arc Dipole Magnet
Relative loss levels for fast losses
450 GeV
7 TeV
Damage level
103 3 103
Quench level
3 3
Dump threshold
1 1
Accurately known quench levels will increase operational efficiency
Absolute precision (calibration)
< factor 2 initially: < factor 5
Relative precision for quench prevention
< 25%
Fast current transformer (DIDT) will protect against fast (1 turn) losses only from phase 2 of the LHC (absolute calibration by software during phase 1 too slow – phase two: hardware implemented)
E.B. HolzerChamonix XV workshop, Divonne-les-Bains January 24, 2006 30
Shower development in the Cryostat
Impact position varied along the MQHighest signal from loss at the beginning of the MQPosition of detectors optimized
to catch losses: Transition between
MB – MQ Middle of MQ Transition between
MQ – MB to minimize uncertainty of
ratio of energy deposition in coil and detector
Beam I – II discrimination
Beam
L. Ponce
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