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What was the Marshall Plan? Fully Explain!
THE COLD WAR ERA
13.1
Capitalism v Communism
Capitalism Communism
an economic system in which the people decide how money is created and spent
a theory or system of social organization based on theholding of all property in common; the government decides how many is created and spent
Berlin Wall
http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/berlin-kids.jpg
End of WWII
POST-WWII
WWII Ends Allies Victorious BIG THREE
U.S.A (Roosevelt) Soviet Union (Stalin) Britain (Churchill)
Two major powers are left U.S.A. Soviet Union
Yalta
The Big Three met at Yalta Soviet Union gets land
in Asia Germany divided into
four zones, each zone run by an allied power
West Germany becomes democracy, East Germany becomes communist
Leads to “iron curtain”
A New president
FDR DIES Harry S. Truman
becomes president Allows for the
creation of the United Nations 50 Nations are apart
of it Goal is to stop
international disputes before war begins
Soviet Expansion in Europe Policy of “Containment”
Marshall Plan
Truman Doctrine To hold back the Soviets
using both Military and nonmilitary ways.
Long run, pledges that the United States will fight communism worldwide
George Marshall pledges massive aid to Western Europe
$ 13 billion worth of supplies , machinery, and food into Western Europe
Lead to economic recovery, which weakens the want to communism
Berlin Wall
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Crisis in Berlin
Truman Reunite Germany was
essential for the future Europe future
Stalin Feared a reunited
Germany would presented a threat to the Soviet Union
Germany’s 4 Zones in 1948
Berlin Blockade
Post-War Settlement of Germany allows for rival system in West vs East
WestFree, run by allies,
quickly rebuilding
EastRun by Soviets,
looted the land, little recovery
1948, June Stalin cuts off road and rail
ways to Berlin Idea to use massive starvation
for political gain Truman’s Decision
Take back West Berlin with Tanks and troops World War III starts
Allow Soviets to have Berlin USA looks like it cant protect
freedom
AIRLIFT
Berlin Airlift Truman would
resupply Berlin by air
277,804 flights carrying 2,325,809 tons of supplies into West Berlin in the next 9 months
Airlift allows rations to rise!
Cold War has officially begun
REACTION TO AIRLIFT
USA Soviet Union
North Atlantic Treaty Organization USA, Canada, Spain,
France, Italy, Turkey, Norway, West Germany, Britain, Iceland
Will Aid each other if any other member is attacked
Warsaw Pact Soviet Union and
communist governments of Eastern Europe
DON’T WRITE THIS LEADS TO NEXT SLIDE
Two Armed Camps
New Fears
Subversion Sabotage/spys Communist loyal to Soviet Union had
become established in the American government
U.S. investigates all federal employees Little evidence of espionage found Blacklist Hollywood 10 Rosenbergs
McCarthyism
Joseph McCarty Believe a vast
soviet network existed inside the U.S. government
Holds court Charges were
unfound Many careers are
ruined
McCarthyism Use of unproven
charges to discredit people
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