Bell Work 9/2/14
1
1. What element is Group 1 and Period 4?
Potassium
2. What is that element’s atomic number?19
3. How many electrons does it have?19
4. What is its atomic mass?
39.098
5. How many neutrons does it have?
39 – 19 = 20
On your desk :1. PRIDE card2. IN3. Pencil/Pen
A mineral is a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure.
What is a mineral?
Mineral Groups
• Everything on Earth is classified into various categories based on certain properties and minerals are no different!
Silicate Minerals
• Minerals that contain Silicon, Oxygen, and one or more other element.
• Silicon and oxygen are the two most common elements in the Earth’s crust
• Examples: quartz, feldspar, and mica
Non-Silicate Minerals
• Minerals that do not contain a combination of silicon and oxygen.
• They may contain carbon, fluorine, and sulfur.
• Examples: copper, calcite, fluorite, corundum, gypsum, and galena
Solid• Cannot be a liquid, gas, or
plasma.
Inorganic• It is non-living. It is NOT alive
and never was.
Naturally Occurring• Found in nature, not man-
made.
Crystal Form• A definite structure in which
atoms are arranged.
Minerals have 4 properties
– Is it a solid?– Is it Inorganic(non-living)material?– Is it formed in Nature (not man-made)?– Does it have a Crystalline structure?
When trying to figure out if it is a mineral or not THINK SINC!!!!
Item Mineral OR Non-mineral? If Non-mineral: list the properties it doesn’t have (S,I, N, C)
1.
2.
3.
13.
Output side of IN
Wood
• Is it a solid? YES• Is it Inorganic (non-living) material? NO• Is it formed in Nature (not man-made)? YES• Does it have a Crystalline structure? YES
THINK SINC!!!!
Item Mineral OR Non-mineral? If Non-mineral: list the properties it doesn’t have (S,I, N, C)
1. Wood
2.
3.
13.
Non-mineral It ISN’T Inorganic
Output side of IN
Item Mineral OR Non-mineral? If Non-mineral: list the properties it doesn’t have (S,I, N, C)
1. Wood
2.
3.
13.
Non-mineral It ISN’T Inorganic
Output side of IN
You now know how to identify if an item is a mineral!!
NOW we need to learn how to identify specific types of minerals!!
Let’s get our READ-ON!Mineral IdentificationChapter 1- Section 2 Pages 8 – 11
• Read and outline Section 2 in your “IN”
• Helpful hints:- Summarize each main
section
- Highlight vocabulary words and define them
- Write down examples to help you remember
Mineral Identification:Chapter 1: Section 2Pages 8-11
Color
Luster
Bell Work 8/30/131. What are the 4 properties of
minerals?• THINK SINC!!
– Solid– Inorganic– Naturally occurring– Crystalline structure
2. What are the 2 groups of minerals? List two examples of each.• Silicates – quartz, feldspar, and mica• Nonsilicates- copper, calcite, fluorite,
corundum, gypsum, and galena
On your desk you should have:1. Agenda (opened to
PRIDE card)2. Interactive Notebook3. Pencil/Pen
Warm-up 9/3/13
1. List the 7 tests used to identify minerals.2. Put a star next to the test you think is the most reliable. Why did you choose that test?
Color
Luster
Streak
Cleavage and Fracture
Hardness
Density
Special Properties
Identifying Minerals• Geologists use 7 simple tests to identify minerals.• The tests are based on a mineral’s physical and chemical
properties.• 7 tests
– Color– Luster– Streak– Cleavage and Fracture– Hardness– Density– Special Properties
Color• Color- What does it look like?• Least reliable test to determine a mineral
– Many different minerals have the same color– Minerals can weather and change color
Beryl containing iron (Fe) = blue, yellow, or green
Beryl containing Manganese(Mn) = pink or red
Beryl containing Chromium(Cr)= green
Warm-up 9/4/13
1. Minerals are inorganic, what exactly does that mean?
2. List 3 other inorganic things:• 1. • 2.• 3.
Inorganic = not alive and never were alive.
Luster• Luster- The way a
surface reflects light.• 3 types of luster
• Metallic- Bright and reflective
• Submetallic – Dull and reflective
• Non-Metallic- waxy, pearly, earthy, silky, vitreous, plastic
Streak• Streak- the color of a mineral in powdered form.• Rub a mineral across a piece of porcelain called a
streak plate• Good indicator of a minerals true color because the
streak is not affected by air or water.
Cleavage and FractureCleavage and Fracture- Describes how a mineral breaks
Cleavage- the mineral breaks along flat
surfaces
Fracture- the mineral breaks with a rough edge (uneven, curved, irregular)
Warm-up 9/5/13
• What is the difference between cleavage and fracture?
• Draw an example of each one and label it.
Cleavage Fracture
Hardness
• Hardness- a measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching
• Based on a 1-10 scale called Moh’s Hardness Scale
• 1 = easily scratched• 10 = resistance to scratching
If I rubbed Quartz and
Calcite together which
one would scratch?
Density
• Density- the ratio of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance
• Measured in gm/cm3 • One of the best indicators
of a mineral’s identity.
Pyrite- 5.2 gm/cm3 Gold- 19.3 gm/cm3
Special Properties• Fluorescence- Calcite and Fluorite glow under ultraviolet light.
• Magnetism- Magnetite and Pyrrhotite are natural magnets.
• Chemical Reaction- Calcite will “fizz” when you put a drop of acid on it.
• Taste- Halite has a salty taste.
• Optical Properties- A thin piece of calcite placed over an image will cause a double image.
• Radioactivity- Minerals that contain radium or uranium can be detected by a Geiger counter.
Warm-up 9/6/13Take a look at the mineral Cobalt and write down your observations based on the following tests:1. Color-
2. Luster-
3. Does it have fracture or cleavage?
Warm-up 9/16/12
• When you are doing a streak test, what is the plate that you rub the mineral against made of?
• What is the name of the Hardness scale we use to identify minerals?
Porcelain
Moh’s Hardness Scale
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