BELL-RINGER Put the following in order from what you think is
smallest to largest.
ATOMMONOMER, molecule
POLYMER, molecule
CELL
ORGANELLE TISSUE ORGAN
Bio- molecules
• Bio-molecules are large molecules that make up living things.
Life Two or more atoms bonded together
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates (sugars)(sugars)
ProteinsProteins
Lipids Lipids (fats)(fats)
Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids
• A carbohydrate is a bio-molecule with a ratio of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom for every
carbon atom.
Bio-molecule: Carbohydrates
The sub-unit (building blocks) of The sub-unit (building blocks) of carbohydrates are carbohydrates are single sugarssingle sugars, called , called monosaccharidesmonosaccharides..
Bio-molecule: Carbohydrates• Carbs range from small sugar molecules to
long starch molecules we consume in pasta and potatoes.
They are a key source of energyThey are a key source of energy
found in most foods — especially fruits, found in most foods — especially fruits, vegetables, and grainsvegetables, and grains
GLUCOSEGlucose is the simple sugar that plants make during photosynthesis.
Plants use glucose: As an energy reserve until they need it
To grow taller and bigger
To create products such as plant hormone.
Animals use glucose: As an energy reserve until we need it
For energy
It is known as our “blood sugar”
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
Polysaccharide: many sugar unitsPolysaccharide: many sugar units
Examples:Examples: starch (bread, potatoes)starch (bread, potatoes)
glycogen (beef muscle)glycogen (beef muscle)
cellulose (lettuce, corn)cellulose (lettuce, corn)
chitin (insect exoskeleton)chitin (insect exoskeleton)
glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose
glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose
glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose
glucoseglucoseglucoseglucose
cellulosecellulose
• A protein is a large, complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes
sulfur.
Bio-molecule: Proteins
• The basic sub-unit (building blocks) of proteins are called amino acids.
• There are about 20 common amino acids that can make literally thousands of different kinds of proteins.
Bio-molecule: Proteins
There are tens of thousands of different kinds of proteins, but they are classified into five groups:
• STRUCTURAL
• STORAGE
• TRANSPORT
• DEFENSIVE
• ENZYMES
Bio-molecule: Proteins
• Enzymes are proteins found in living things that put things together for your body OR break them apart for your body.
• They speed the reactions in digestion of
food.
(In other words, helps out with our metabolism)
Bio-molecule: Proteins
Salivary AmylaseSalivary Amylase is an example of is an example of an enzyme found in your saliva an enzyme found in your saliva
that helps break down that helps break down carbohydrates. carbohydrates.
A __________ is a biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with a 1:2:1 ratio of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon.
Question 1
D. fatty acid
C. protein
B. lipid
A. carbohydrate
The answer is A.
Lipids are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen, and proteins contain nitrogen in addition to carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Answer:
In which type of bio-molecule can give you energy, but also contains nitrogen?
Question 2
D. fatty acid
C. protein
B. lipid
A. carbohydrate
Describe an enzyme and its function.
Question 3
An enzyme is a protein that enables other molecules to undergo chemical changes to form new products. Enzymes increase the speed of reactions that would otherwise proceed too slowly.
SubstrateActive site
Answer:
• Lipids are large biomolecules that are insoluble (cannot dissolve) in water.
• (Examples: fats, oils, waxes, steroids)
• They are diverse in structure and function, but all are insoluble.
Bio-molecule: Lipids
Bio-molecule: Lipids
• Lipids are insoluble because part of these molecule’s structure is Hydrophobic OR repels water molecules.
Some lipids make Some lipids make up the membrane up the membrane that wraps around that wraps around
our cells.our cells.
Fats are lipids that Fats are lipids that storestore energy. energy.
Fats and oils are made of fatty acids chains linked to a molecule of glycerol.
Fatty acid chains
Sub-units
Bio-molecule: Lipids
Types of fatty acid chains:
•Saturated Fatty Acids (Animal Fat, Lard, Solid at Room Temp)
No double bonds- Bad Fat
•Unsaturated Fatty Acid (Fish, Plants, Liquid at Room Temp)
Double bonds- Good Fat
• A fatty acid is a long chain of carbon and hydrogen.
• Glycerol is an alcohol molecule.
Mono-unsaturatedPoly-unsaturated
• Steroids are structured in rings- but still a part of the lipid family
• Examples: Cholesterol, Estrogen, and Testosterone.
Bio-molecule: Lipids
• A nucleic acid is a complex biomolecule that stores cellular information in the form of a code. (They provide directions for building proteins)
Bio-molecule: Nucleic Acids
There are two main types of nucleic acids:
•DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Master code of an organism’s information
Bio-molecule: Nucleic Acids
•RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Helps make proteins by making copies of the DNA code.
Bio-molecule: Nucleic Acids• Nucleic acids are large molecules made of
smaller subunits called nucleotides.
Bio-molecule: Nucleic Acids
Interestingly, some nucleotides can perform important actions as individual molecules. The most common is ATP.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), is the primary energy provider of all cellular actions.
Energy is stored in the bonds between the phosphates.
What is atp?Adenosine Triphosphate
ATP is the high-ATP is the high-energy molecule energy molecule that stores the that stores the
energy we need to energy we need to do just about do just about
everything we do. everything we do.
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