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Motivation is literally the desire to do things.
It is the crucial element in setting and attaininggoals.
Motivation is the psychological feature that arousesan organism to action toward a desired goal andelicits, controls, and sustains certain goal directedbehaviors.
Motivational devices or activitiesarouse andmaintain interest in the content to be taught.
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Reasons of Selecting and Organizing
the Lesson
Stimulate students appetite at the beginning of
the lesson
Maintain student curiosity and involvement in the
work by using surprise, doubt, and perplexity Provide active and manipulative opportunities
Permit students autonomy in organizing their
time and effort
Provide choices or alternatives to meetrequirements of the lesson
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Types of MOTIVATION
Intrinsic motivation arises from a desire to
learn a topic due to its inherent interests, for
self-fulfillment, enjoyment and to achieve a
mastery of the subject.
Extrinsic motivation is motivation to perform
and succeed for the sake of accomplishing a
specific result or outcome.
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INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
Intrinsic motivation involves sustaining
or increasing the interest students
already have in a topic or task.
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ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS TO ENHANCE
INTRINSIC MOTIVATON
Challenging Statements/ Questions
Topic: Nuclear Reaction
Nuclear power plants are unnecessary and potentiallydangerous.
Topic: Probability
10 guns on a table, only one of them loaded. For 1 milliondollars would you point two at your head and shootthem?
Topic: Family Planning
For you, which is better, Natural or Artificial FamilyPlanning? Why?
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ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS TO ENHANCE
INTRINSIC MOTIVATON
Pictures and Cartoons
Topic: K to 12 Basic Education
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ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS TO ENHANCE
INTRINSIC MOTIVATON
Pictures and Cartoons
Topic:
Distillation
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ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS TO ENHANCE
INTRINSIC MOTIVATON
Pictures and Cartoons
Topic: Traffic Signs
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ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS TO ENHANCE
INTRINSIC MOTIVATON
Pictures and Cartoons
Topic:
Developing
Ones Attitude
Teacher: What arethe good characteristics
of SpongeBob?
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ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS TO ENHANCE
INTRINSIC MOTIVATON
Charts, Tables, Graphs, Maps
Topic: K to 12 Basic Education
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ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS TO ENHANCE
INTRINSIC MOTIVATON
Charts, Tables, Graphs, Maps
Topic: Less than and Greater than
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ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS TO ENHANCE
INTRINSIC MOTIVATON
Charts, Tables, Graphs, Maps
Topic:
Supplyand
Demand
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ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS TO ENHANCE
INTRINSIC MOTIVATON
Personal Experiences
Topic: EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE
Have you experience wearing shoes fit to you then
suddenly in a hot day, those pair of shoes seems to getsmaller to your feet?
Topic: MIXTURE
What are the common ingredients in your halo-halo?
Topic: TYPES OF CLOTHING
What type of clothing is best to wear during freezingweather?
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ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS TO ENHANCE
INTRINSIC MOTIVATON
Problems
Topic: CONDUCTION
What metals conduct heat well? Why?
Topic: DENSITY
Why do ice floats on top of the water?
Topic: ACIDS and BASESWhat are the common acids and bases that can befound in our home?
Topic: DIFFUSION
How does diffusion happen in spreading perfume?
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ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS TO ENHANCE
INTRINSIC MOTIVATON
Exploratory and Creative Activities
Teacher: I need three volunteers to come to the
chalkboard to fill the blanks of the puzzle, whilethe rest of you do it on your seats.
Motivational activities:
Puzzles, Spider web, Dyads, Straw building,Newspaper sculpture, Knots, Riddles, Guessinggame etc.
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ACTIVITIES AND MATERIALS TO ENHANCE
INTRINSIC MOTIVATON
Contests and Games
Teacher: Lets see how you remember
yesterday's homework. We will organize
five teams by rows. In your notebooks,
list eight different string instruments. You
will have two minutes. We will average
the scores. The winning row, with thehighest score will receive extra credit.
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ACTIVTIES AND MATERIALS TO ENHANCE
INTRINSIC MOTIVATON
Anecdotes and Stories
The Whole World Came Together
The young mother was ready for a few minutes of relaxation after a long anddemanding day. However, her young daughter had other plans for her mother's
time."Read me a story, Mom," the little girl requested. "Give Mommy a few minutes to relax
and unwind. Then I'll be happy to read you a story," pleaded the mother.
The little girl was insistent that Mommy read to her now. With a stroke of genius, themother tore off the back page of the magazine she was reading. It contained a full-page picture of the world. As she tore it into several pieces, Mom asked herdaughter to put the picture together and then she would read her a story. Surelythis would buy her considerable relaxing moments.
A short time later, the little girl announced the completion of her puzzle project. To herastonishment, she found the world picture completely assembled. When she askedher daughter how she managed to do it so quickly, the little girl explained that onthe reverse side of the page was the picture of a little girl. "You see, Mommy, whenI got the little girl together, the whole world came together."
Each of us has the responsibility to put our world together. It starts by getting ourselvesput together. We can become better parents, friends, spouses, employees, and
employers. The first step is changing our attitude.
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EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
Extrinsic motivation focuses on
cognitive strategies. Activities that
enhance success and reduce failureincrease motivation.
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NINE BASIC PRINCIPLES IN ENHANCING
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
Clear Directions and Expectations
Students must know exactly what they are
expected to do and how they will be
evaluated.
Time on Task
Keep students on task.
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NINE BASIC PRINCIPLES IN ENHANCING
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
Cognitive Match
Students motivation is highest when
students work on task or problems
appropriate to their achievement level.
Prompt Feedback
Feedbacks on students should be
constructive and prompt.
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NINE BASIC PRINCIPLES IN ENHANCING
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
Relate Past Learning with Present Learning
Use reinforcers to strengthen previouslearned content.
Frequent Rewards
No matter how powerful a reward, it may
have a little impact if it is providedinfrequently. Small, frequent rewards are
more effective.
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NINE BASIC PRINCIPLES IN ENHANCING
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
Praise
Verbal praise (Good, Great, Finework) is a powerful motivating device.
High Expectations
Students who are expected to learn will
learn more and be motivated to learnmore than students who are not
expected to learn.
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NINE BASIC PRINCIPLES IN ENHANCING
EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION
Value of Rewards
Motivation is partially based on the value
and individual places and success, as well
as the individuals estimate of the
possibility of success. Incentives used for
students should have value for them.
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Of all the major techniques the teacher
uses to teach in a classroom setting,
the skills related to motivation is said to
be the most significant strategy in terms
of encouraging and stimulating studentsto attain lesson objectives.
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consistently displays dynamic personal
behaviors in the classroom
moves about the classroom
uses non-verbal behavior to create
presence
use their voice effectively
controls the pace of the lesson
motivates the students by varying the
instructional mode
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DEFINITION
Drilling and practice is an effective way for
students to learn. Drills refer to the repetitive
practice of different skills. Teachers can use
drilling as a way to help students solidifynewly learned skills.
Practice and drills give students an opportunity
to learn certain concepts quickly andeffectively.
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PRACTICE AND DRILL ACTIVITIES
Daily reviewChecking of homeworks
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PRACTICE AND DRILL ACTIVITIES
Initial Student PracticeHigh frequency of questionsAll students have a chance to respond and receive feedback
Teacher checks for understanding by evaluating students responses
Continue practice until students are firm
Success rate of 80% or higher
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PRACTICE AND DRILL ACTIVITIES
Feedback and CorrectivesFeedback for students, particularly when they are correct
Feedback to student errors
Reteaching in smaller steps
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PRACTICE AND DRILL ACTIVITIES
Independent PracticeFor the students to be firm and automaticSeatwork
Unitization and automaticity
95 % correct or higher
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PRACTICE AND DRILL ACTIVITIES
Weekly and Monthly reviewsIn a test or nontest form
Reteaching, if necessary
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Guidelines in Implementing Practice and Drills
In order to acquire many basic skills,
certain things are need to be
learned by the students to the pointof automatic response.
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Guidelines in Implementing Practice and Drills
Practice must follow understanding andcan enhance understanding.
Practice is more effective if the students
have a desire to learn what is being
practiced.
Practice should be individualized.
Practice should be intermixed with
different materials and parts of the lesson.
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There should be much practice on a few skillsrather than a little practice on many skills.
Practice should be organized and specific so that
the students experience high rates ofachievement.
Practice should be organized so that studentsand teacher have immediate feedback.
Practice materials should be used for diagnosticpurpose.
Practice material should provide progressivecontinuity between learning tasks.
Guidelines in Implementing Practice and Drills
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Improving Practice and Drills Have a clear system of rules and procedures for
general behavior.
Move around to monitor the students seatwork.
Provide comments, explanation, and feedback.
Spend more time teaching and reteaching the
basic skills.
Use practice during and after learning.
Provide variety and challenge in practice and drills.
Keep students alert and focused on the task.
Maintain a brisk pace.
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Thank you !
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