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7. Draw the flowcharts.
8. Follow the guidelines in creating a
flowchart.9. Develop critical, logical and analytical
thinking in preparing for program writing.
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Programming Is the process of giving instruction toa computer
Programs Are the instructions given to the
computer to arrive at a certain result.
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Logic formulations and problem-solving arethe fundamentals of programming. Itrequires an intricate process of critical andanalytical thinking combined with precision
and keenness to details. The planning stageis very important because it serves as thebackbone of any program.
NOTE:
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A logical procedure or set of stepsto be followed to arrive at asolution to a problem.
An algorithm is the breakingdown of a problem into simplesteps in order to find the rightanswer.
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Recipe in a cookbook a complicated dish isbroken down into simple cookinginstructions.
Choreography of a dance a difficult dance isbroken down into a succession of basic steps
Word problem in Math a complex problemin Math is broken down into parts to arrive ata solution.
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An algorithm in Englishstatements in an outline form.
This is used to conceptualizethe flow of the program beforeencoding it in a programming
language.
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Pseudocode for Making Soap Step 1: Prepare your workspace
Step 2: Cut and weight the soap base.
Step 3: Melt the soap base.
Step 4: Add the fragrance or essentials oil Step 5: Add color to the melted soap
Step 6: Stir the melted soap
Step 7: Pour the soap into the mold
Step 8: Unmold the soap
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Pseudocode for Taking a special quiz Step 1: Talk to the teacher. Tell her your concern
Step 2: Give her the excuse letter
Step 3: Ask politely for a schedule to have a quiz
Step 4: If you are free on the given schedule, tellher you will be there to take the quiz.
Step 5: If the schedule will be conflicting to anotherspecial quiz ask for another time and date until the
schedule is finalized. Step 6: Go on the scheduled date and time.
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The graphical representation of analgorithm. Flowchart is the pictorialdescription of sequenced activities
and logic to be performed by thecomputer for carrying out dataprocessing. It uses special symbols
which represent a specific function.
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Flowcharts are used by programmers beforethe actual start of any programming activity.
Flowchart is otherwise known as
Flowcharts are used by programmers beforethe actual start of any programming activity.
Flowchart is otherwise known as
Flowchart is the so called BLUE PRINT of aprogram.
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TERMINAL- Represents thebeginning and the end of the
program. It contains the wordsBegin or Start and End or
Stop.
PROCESS OR ACTION -Representsa step or an instruction such ascomparison or arithmetic operations.
Ex: Gather all materials in a box;
Add 5 and 7
INPUT OR OUTPUT - Represents thestep wherein information such asletters and numbers are entered bythe user or produced by the process.
Ex: Input 3 numbers; Get A, B, C;
Print A
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ARROW OR FLOW DIRECTION
INDICATOR Indicates the flowof direction or the next activity.
DECISION Denotes a decision tobe made. It involves 2 courses of
action that is answered by eitheryes/true or no/false wherein one
has to chosen. The symbolrepresents the if..then{, and the for
.. Next statements
PREPARATION
Represents theprocess that will change the directionof initialization of any value or theexecution of a variable.
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PREDEFINED PROCESS OR
SUBROUTINE Indicates asubmodule or subflowchartembedded within a larger
process. It can be described in adetail in a separate flowchart.
ON-PAGE CONNECTORS
Indicates that the process iscontinued where the matching on
page connector is placed (either onthe same page or at a different page)
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BEGIN
Exercise daily
Give time, effortand commitment
ENDFit and
healthy body
Sleep 8 hours a day
Have a balanced diet
Take vitamins
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No
Yes
BEGIN
Correctusername
andpassword
END
Type Internetusername and
password
Access the
Internet
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1. The flow of the program is easilyunderstood.
2. It determines the validity of the processesinvolved in the program.
3. Debugging or correcting of errors becomes lesscomplicated.
4. It produces effective program documentation.
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1. Determine the following:
Data to be entered
Information to be produced
The way the data will be entered The point when data will be given
The point when information will be produced
1. There should be only be one start/begin and
stop/end processes.2. Concentrate on the logic of the program.
3. Choose only the important steps. No need torepresent all the steps in the flowchart.
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2 classifications of programming language.These pertains to the ways on how theprogram are written.
resembles humanlanguage and corresponds to severalmachine language instructions
or machine
language, describes exactly the proceduresto be carried out by the computers centralprocessing unit
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High level Programming language includes :
1. Visual Basic
2. Java3. Visual C++
4. BASIC
5. Pascal
6. COBOL
7. FORTRAN
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Okay now, start getting busy by doing yourfirst exercise for this module.
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Plant and produce carrots Charter change (with decision box)
Get the area of a rectangle
Input 2 numbers and print the largernumber
Get the quotient of 2 numbers and print thequotient if it is greater than 5
Compute and print for the average of 3numbers
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A program handles different data to beprocessed by the computer. These data areclassified into different types:
Numeric data - whole
numbers with decimal
Alphanumeric Data
numbers that cannot be used formathematical operations
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a single letter or a special character a combination of characters
Date and time
Logical Data
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A variables stores data, Itallocates a portion of the
memory depending on thetype of data a variables holds.
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It must begin with a letter or an alphabetand may be followed by combinations ofalphanumeric characters.
The name of the variables should beindicative of the value it holds.
Avoid using confusing letters or numbers
such as zero and the letter O. Use underscore in replacement of a space.
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Lessen the number of characters ofyour variable. The shorter thevariable, the better and more
efficient the program will be In most cases, uppercase andlowercase letters are read differently
A and a may hold different data
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Constants are values that do not changeduring the execution of the program.
Examples: Pi = 3.1416
X=100
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Classifications of Operators Arithmetic Operators
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication Division
Exponentiation
Modulus
NegationEx: 5+(4*2/2) 3 =6
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Relational Operators Greater than >
Less than =
Less than or equal to
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Input 2 whole numbers. Compute and printthe sum of the 2 numbers
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When a problem involves the 3 Types ofoperators, the following order should befollowed.
The hierarchy is as follows:
1st Arithmetic operators
2nd Comparison operators
3rd logical operators
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The hierarchy is as follows:
1st NOT
2nd AND 3rd OR
Ex:
5*5+10/5 >40 AND 8
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Input 5 numbers. Find the sum, differenceand product of the number. Print the answer
Convert a number in degree Fahrenheit (0F) toCelsius (C)
A rectangular table has a length of 60.5
inches and a width of 20.5 inches. Find andprint the perimeter.
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Conditional statements is one of the vitalcomponents in programming. It enables aprogram to respond in a different mannerevery time a program is executed
depending on the data entered.
The commonly used conditional statementsare:
If statement If ...then.. Else statements
Select case statements
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This is used to evaluate a condition or checka value as true or false. If the condition isnot met, the succeeding statements or set ofstatements will executed.
SyntaxIf condition
Statement
End if
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Input a color. If the color is blue, display themessage The color is blue.
Algorithm:
String colorBegin
Input color
If color= blue
Print The color is blue
End If
End
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Input a score. If the is 100, display themessage Excellent
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This is used to evaluate a condition or checka value as true or false. If the condition isnot met, the statement or set of statementsafter will be executed
Syntax: If condition then
Statement 1
Else
Statement 2End if
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If condition thenStatement(s)
Else if condition 1 then
Statement(s)
Else if condition 2 then
Statement(s)
Else
Statement(s)
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Input a grade. If the grade is greater than orequal to 75, display the message You passedthe subject, otherwise display Study hard
Input 2 prices and get the total. If the total is
more than P500, get 5% of the total, if thetotal is more than P500 but less than or equalto P1000, get 10% of the total, but if the totalis greater than P1000, get 15% of the total.
Display the discounted price.
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The case statement is similar to the use ofthe If... Then .. Else statement. It is usedwhen a variable is compared to differentvalues or expressions.
SyntaxSelect Case test expression
Case expressionlist1
Statement Block1Case expressionlist2
Statement Block2
End Select
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Conduct Grade Equivalent1 Excellent
2 Very Good
3 Good
4 Satisfactory
5 Needs Improvement
Input a conduct grade and display the
equivalent rating
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Okay now, start getting busy by doing yourfirst exercise for this module.
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