Presented by:

FCJ REFUGEE CENTRE

HT in numbers

TIP: International and Canadian Contexts

Services: gaps and future vision

Multi- agency network

TIP is the second largest sector of organized crime after drugs and arms generating an estimated $31.6 billion a year. TIP trafficking for sex makes up $ 27.8 billion. (The A 21 Campaign)

Women and children make up the majority (88%) of all victims. (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime)

The majority of trafficking victims are between 18 and 24 years of age. (UN Gift: Global Initiate to Fight Human Trafficking)

Lucrative business: 32 billon USD per year low risk and high profit endeavor. Profits per

trafficked individual ranging from $13,000 to $67,200 per year

Members of well established criminal networks

Individuals or family members

Women increasingly play role as perpetrators of HT

B

y m

eans

of

By

mea

ns

of

Fo

r th

e p

urp

ose

ofTransportation

Transfer

Harbouring

Receipt

Treat or Use of Force

Coercion

Abduction

Fraud

Deception

Abuse of Power

Abuse of a position of vulnerability

Giving or receiving payments or

benefits to achieve the consent of a person, Having

control over another person

Prostitution of others or other form

of sexual exploitation

Removal of Organs

Slavery or practices similar to slavery

Servitude

Forced labour or services

ACT

MEANS

EXPLOITATION

Recruitment

Canada: SOURCE, DESTINATION and TRANSIT

Lack of official statistics RCMP estimation: 800-1200 people

were trafficked to Canada each year (before the Criminal Code legislation)

NGOs victims’ estimations is much higher

Domestic trafficking Canadian girls and women ( approximately 36 cases in 2010, 34

cases were domestic) Aboriginal women and girls are disproportionally affected by the

crime of trafficking although official statistics are lacking Age 12 and 25 Urban centres as well as smaller centres such Niagara and Peel

regions (ON)

International Trafficking (?) Eastern Europe, China, Southeast Asia and Latin America Enter Canada with falsified or genuine documents through legal or

illegal means The victims usually are destined for major urban centres like

Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver

Absence of National Legislation on HT

Low conviction rate (new statistics shows that the conviction rate is improving)

Lack of awareness among the police and the service providers

Art.6 (3) Services victims of trafficking are entitled to:

(a) appropriate housing; (b) counselling and information, in particular as regards

their legal rights, in a language that the victims of trafficking in persons can understand;

(c) medical, psychological and material assistance; and (d) employment, educational and training opportunities.

Article 6 (4)

State parties to take into account the age, gender and special needs of victims of trafficking, children, in particular.

There is a lack of legislation and clearly articulated policies regarding the services and protection available to trafficked persons.

The assistance is sporadic and often depend on the mandate of the organization providing the service.

The availability of services depends upon the political willingness on federal and provincial level to allocate recourses.

1st phase: Crisis Intervention and Assessment

• victim receives emergency assistance and safety;

2nd phase: Comprehensive Assessment and Case Management

• victim receives proper care and ongoing coordinated assistance;

3rd phase: Re/Integration and Settlement• survivor of human trafficking is ready to begin

again her/his life.

Source: Heather Clawson Caliber, Study of HHS Programs Serving Trafficking Victims, 2009

Victim identification and referral

Shelter and Recovery

Integration Destination/third country

OR

Reintegration

REFLECT ION

Sphere of Protection

HousingMedical careTrauma counselingLegal assistance Court AssistanceSettlement servicesSkill training and education

Case manager assigned to assist trafficked person through the complex process;

Additional supports from case manager:• translation services, accompanying

client to appointments, assisting client with navigating the transportation system and teaching her/him basic life skills;

No agency, governmental or non-governmental, has the capacity to respond alone to human trafficking victim.

The multi-agency response to human trafficking is one of the best models to address the issue.

Advantages:• Effective use of resources thus avoid overlapping

The Canadian experience: BC, Manitoba, Alberta

Housing and

Shelter

Housing and

Shelter

Translation and

Interpretation Services

Translation and

Interpretation Services

Emergency Health

and Dental

Emergency Health

and Dental

Counselling and

Support Services

Counselling and

Support Services

Legal Consultati

on

Legal Consultati

on

Academia & Research

Academia & Research

Office to Combat Trafficking in Persons 1-888-712-7974

Office to Combat Trafficking in Persons 1-888-712-7974

May RequireCulturally Sensitive

Trafficked Trafficked Person Person

Law Enforcement

Law Enforcement

Source: OCTIP, BC

Q&A