AYURVEDIC SYSTEM OF MEDICINEGadade Dipak D.
Dept. of Pharmaceutics,
Shri Bhagwan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad
02/23/11
1
02/23/11
2
Sushruta performing Surgery 4,000 years ago. Published by MNC Park Davies Drug company
INTRODUCTION
Ayur (life) and veda (science or knowledge)
Upaveda of Atharveda
Ayurveda deals with
-herbs plants, anatomy and physiology of
body and principles of tretment of diseases
Charaka samhita- Oldest text of Ayurveda
edited from Agnivesh Samhita by Charaka
(Physician of Kanishka)
Sushruta samhita- author Sushruta (Father
of surgical medicine)
02/23/11
3
Charka
Sushruta Nagarjuna
Dhanwantari
INTRODUCTION
Agnivesh- founder of medicine(diciple
of Sage Atreya)
Nagarjuna- App. of chemistry,
metallurgy & alchemy to medicine
(Philosopher, Physician and alchemist)
He written Rasa-Ratnakar, Rasa-
kachhaputa and Yoga Sataka
02/23/11
4
THEORY AND BASIC CONCEPTS
Ayurveda is based on three fundamental principles
Panchamahabhuta Siddhanta
Tridosha theory
Rasa-Guna-Virya-Vipaka-Prabhava
Siddhanta
02/23/11
5
PANCHA MAHABHUTA SIDDHANTA
Every substance is combination of
panchamahabuta
Each of it have own chr’ features,
properties & means of identification
Perfect balance of P.M.-healthy state
Disturbed balance of P.M.-Illness
02/23/11
6
PANCHA MAHABHUTA SIDDHANTA
Prithvi- Shape and form of body
Apa- Moisture, Liquidity & lubrication
Tej- Agni & Fire- Heat & energy
Vayu- Prana-Vital force controlling
respiration
Akash- Vacuoles and pores responsible
for transportation of nutritional
elements
02/23/11
7
TRIDOSHA THEORY
Dosha means impurities
Imbalance of doshas cause diseased
state
Vata-
Vayu & Akash-
Chr’: lightness & mobility balanced vata
bring about by respiration and imbalace
is bring by cold weather & vata quality
diet
02/23/11
8
TRIDOSHA THEORY
Pitta-
Agni & Fire-
Chr’: hot, bright & acidic balanced
pitta helps in digestion & energy
production and imbalance is caused by
hot, spicy food & in summer
02/23/11
9
TRIDOSHA THEORY
Kapha-
Prithvi & Apa-
Chr’: Watery & heavy balanced kapha
affords lubrication of joints & stability
of body while imbalance is by weeather,
spring, heavy metal & too much rest
02/23/11
10
RASA-GUNA-VIRYA-VIPAKA-PRABHAVA SIDDHANTA
• Important pharmacological principle of dravya or drug
• These principles cover all chr’s of drugRasa- Therapeutically active agentGuna- QualityVirya- Active principle by which potency is characterizedVipaka- End product of digestionPrabhava- Actual therapeutic activity of drug
02/23/11
11
OTHER CONCEPTS
Tridosha- Dhatu- Mala Siddhanta
Dhatus: Rasa, Raktam, Mansa, Meda,
Asthi, Majja, shukra and oja
Mala: Purisha (Feaces), Mutra (Urine),
Sweda (Sweat)
• Triguna: Satva (Good), Raja
(Aggressiveness), Tama (Dullness)
02/23/11
12
PANCHKARMA
• Procedures adopted for cleansing of body and mind accumulated wasteSnehan- Smoothing of body with massage with antivatic sesame oilSwedan- Steaming of body for removal of sweda and for lightningVaman- Expulsion of Kapha dosha with large quantities of qwathVirechan- Expulsion of sputum with of Rechak DravyaBasti- Cleansing of urino genital system with medicated enemas.
02/23/11
13
TREATMENT
Treatment of the disease consists in
avoiding causative factors responsible for
disequilibrium of the body matrix through
the use of Panchkarma procedures,
medicines, suitable diet, activity and
regimen for restoring the balance and
strengthening the body mechanisms to
prevent or minimize future occurrence of
the disease.
02/23/11
14
TREATMENT
Types of Treatment : The treatment of
disease can broadly be classified as
Pathya Vyavastha
Nidan Parivarjan
Shodhana
Shaman
Satvavajaya
Rasayana
02/23/11
15
TREATMENT
Pathya Vyavastha (Prescription of diet
and activity- do’s and don’ts of diet )
Nidan Parivarjan (Avoidance of disease
causing and aggravating factors)
Shodhana therapy (Purification
Treatment with panchkarma)
02/23/11
16
TREATMENT
Shamana therapy (Palliative Treatment
for reconstituion of humor-doshas)
Satvavajaya (Psychotherapy)
Rasayana therapy (use of
immunomodulators and rejuvenation
medicines)
02/23/11
17
BRANCHES OF TREATMENT IN AYURVEDA
Sr. No. Types of Chikitsa Treatment
2 Shalakyatantra Opthalmology
4 Agada Tantra Toxicology
6 Vajeekaran Diseases of genital organs
8 Bhutvidya Psychitrics
02/23/11
18
AYURVEDA AND DIET
An individual’s mental and spiritual development as well as his temperament is influenced by the quality of food consumed by him. Food in human body is transformed first into chyle or Rasa and then successive processes involve its conversion into blood, muscle, fat, bone, bone-marrow, reproductive elements and ojas. Thus, food is basic to all the metabolic transformations and life activities. Lack of nutrients in food or improper transformation of food lead to a variety of disease conditions.
02/23/11
19
TYPES OF DRUG FORMULATION
Powders Liquids Semisolids Solids
Bhasma Asava Ghrita Gutika
Kshar Arka Avleha
Parpati Hima
02/23/11
20
IMP. AYURVEDIC DRUGS AND THEIR USES
Sr. Ayurvedic Drugs Type of formulationUses
2 Khadirarishtha Arishtha Skin Diseases
4 Triphala churna Churna General tonic, Stomachic
6 Parad bhasma Bhasma Antidiarrhoeal
8 Shatavari ghruta Ghruta Piles
10 Medohar Vati Vati Hypolididemic02/23/11
21
IMP. AYURVEDIC DRUGS AND THEIR USES
Sr. Ayurvedic Drugs Type of formulationUses
12 Chirayata Arka Arka Antipyretic
14 Sarpagandha ChurnayogYog Heart diseases
16 Adulasa Kshar Kshar Expectorant
18 Dashmukha Qwath Qwath Ailments of Kapha & Vata
02/23/11
22
INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…
Arishtha:• Mediacted weak alcoholic liquors prepared by
fermentation• Raw material: Veg. juices with honey or
jaggery • plants parts like roots, leaves & barks cut
into pieces and Decoction is prepared• Honey or jaggery is mixed with Decoction of
drug• Fermentation is carried out for about 7 to 10
days in hot condition and 15 to 30 days in cold conditions.
• eg. Arjurishtha, Khadirarishtha
02/23/11
23
INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS
Asava• Mediacted alcoholic liquors prepared by
fementation• Raw material: Veg. juices with honey or
jaggery • plants parts like roots, leaves & barks cut
into pieces and infusion is prepared• Honey or jaggery is mixed with infusion of
drug• Fermentation is carried out for about 6
months• generally used as stomachic, stimulant, tonic
& astringent, etc.• Eg. Kumariasava,
02/23/11
24
INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…
Vatika:• Decoction of crude drug is prepared and
converted to soft extrat to thick consitancy• It is mixed with powdered medicines, raw
sugar, honey, gum, etc. to form pill mass• Pill mass is converted to pill pipe and pills are
prepared from it to form vatika
02/23/11
25
INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…
Churna:• Powdered mixtures of minerals, animal or
vegetable substances prepared in morter-pestle
• Powdered mixture then passed through cloth, linen or fine sieve.
• Equal quantity of jaggery or double the quantity of sugar is mixed with powdered mixture.
• It is taken with milk, hot water or cow’s urine.• Eg. Sitophaladi churna, Ashwagandha churna
02/23/11
26
INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…
Tailas:• Medicated oils are prepared by boiling drugs
in water, milk, or other liquids• Water is completely removed from
preparation• Tailas are generally used for external local
application some are also used internally• Eg. Nilgiri Taila (Eucalyptus Oil) ,
Til Taila (Sesame Oil)
02/23/11
27
INTRODUCTION TO SOME AUYUR. DOSAGE FORMS…
Ghrita• These are medicated ghees or clarified butter• Ghees or butter is heated on fire to remove
water• Little turmeric juice is then added to purify it.• Purified ghruta mixed with drug powder or
decoction of drug and heated in earthen pot, copper pot or iron pan to remove traces of water.
• It is strained through cloth and preserved for use.
• Used internally.
02/23/11
28
02/23/11
30
Top Related