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Authors Purpose,Intended Audience, Tone
& Point of View
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Learning Outcomes
By the end of this lesson, students shouldbe able to determine authors:
Purpose
Intended Audience
Tone
Point of View
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Introduction
When reading, readers will not only try tounderstand the content of the reading
material, but to also assess authors stylesof writing.
These styles of writing are materialised inthe form of authors purpose, intendedaudience, tone& Point of View.
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Purpose
Authors purpose The intention orreason for writing.
There are four main purposes of writing:
To
instruct
To
inform
To
entertain
To
persuade
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Purpose
To instruct
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Purpose
To inform
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Purpose
To entertain
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Purpose
To persuade
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Let us do some exercises!
Exercise 1
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Let us do some exercises!
Exercise 2
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Let us do some exercises!
Exercise 3
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Let us do some exercises!
Exercise 3
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Intended Audience
Once you have known the authorspurpose, you may want to know whom the
message in the writing is intended for.
The table on the next slide will help you to
determine the intended audience.
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Intended Audience
Language Content Intended Audience
General General Knowledge General public
General Specific Subject People interested in the subjector stakeholders
Specific Specific Subject Subject specialists or experts inthe field
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Intended Audience
Sample 1
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Intended Audience
Sample 2
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Exercise 1
Language Content Intended Audience
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Exercise 2
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Exercise 2 (Cont.)
Language Content Intended Audience
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Tone
Tone is authors use of words and style ofwriting to express his or her attitude
towards a topic/issue.
Possible tones that match their purposes:
Purpose Possible Tone
To instruct Enthusiastic, eager, passionate
To persuade Angry, anxious, concerned,serious, urgent
To inform Indifferent, objective
To entertain Humorous, mocking, sarcastic
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Tone
Words that describe authors attitude
Attitude Tone Description
Positive Concerned, encouraging, nostalgic, optimistic,supportive
Neutral Fair, just, objective
Negative Condescending, critical, disapproving, fanatical,insulting, intolerant, mocking, pessimistic,righteous, sarcastic, sceptical
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Tone
Words that describe authors emotion
Attitude Tone Description
Positive Amused, cheerful, compassionate, eager,enthusiastic, humorous, passionate, playful,sincere, sympathetic, urgent
Neutral Indifferent, impartial, serious, solemn
Negative Angry, anxious, grave, grim, remorseful,vindictive
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Tone
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
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Tone
Exercise 3
Exercise 4
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Point of View
Point of view is the writers belief orposition in an issue or a topic.
Hence, the author point of view can be infavour of or against the issue/topic.
In writing, the author may seem to agreeor disagree with the whole issue.
Sometimes, the author can agree and
disagree on the same issue.
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Point of View
Below are some questions that you maywant to ask when evaluating authors point
of view. What is his stand on the issue?
Is he in support of the issue?
Is he biased or neutral? Is he not in favour of the issue?
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Exercise for all!
Study the text below and identify theauthors purpose, tone and bias.
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Exercise for all! (Cont.)
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Exercise for all!
Suggested answer
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References
Teoh, S.A., Chai, M.H., Azlina Abd. Rahman
& Paul-Evanson, C. (2010). Reading andcritical thinking. KL: McGraw-Hill.
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ontent Developer
Eliyas S. Mohandas
works as an EnglishLecturer at UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UiTM)Shah Alam. The contentof this chapter wasdeveloped by him. He
can be contacted at thefollowing email:
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