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Assessment of the Influence of
Mutagenic Activity ofAlmaciga (Agathis philippinensisWarb)
resin smoke on Fruit fly (Drosophila
melanogaster)F1 Generation
Researchers:
Bacalangco, Nadine D.Botin, Kathlyn Marie Gizella B.
Cantiller, Kristine Abegail L.
Robles, Florentino III
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Introduction
Fruit flies, also known as Drosophilamelanogaster, have been used since1970s as an ideal model for biological
research due to several reasons: easy to grow
relatively inexpensive to breed andmaintain in large numbers
have a surprising degree of genetichomology to mammals
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Introduction
MutagenAlmaciga (Agathis
philippinensisWarb.) resin.
used as fuel for lamps and torches
used as smudge for mosquitoes or
traditionally believed to drive away
bad spirits in their houses
an ingredient of paints, varnishes, andpesticides
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Statement of the Problem
1. Does the smoke from Almaciga(Agathis philippinensisWarb.)resininduce mutations on the F1generation of fruit flies (D.
melanogaster) in terms of theirexternal morphology?2. What are the induced mutations of
the smoke from Almaciga (Agathis
philippinensisWarb.)resin on the F1generation of fruit flies (D.melanogaster) in terms of theirexternal morphology?
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Statement of the Problem
3. Is there significant difference in the
frequencies of wildtype and of
mutants among the F1 generationfruit flies (D. melanogaster) exposed
to the different treatments?
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Statement of the Hypothesis
1. The smoke from Almaciga (AgathisphilippinensisWarb.)resin does not
induce mutations on the F1 generation
of fruit flies (D. melanogaster) in termsof their external morphology
2. There is no significant difference in the
frequencies of wildtype and mutant
among the F1 generation fruit flies (D.
melanogaster) exposed to the different
treatments.
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Methodology
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Results and
Discussions
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Treatme
ntsReplicat
esNumber of Males
Wild
typeMutated
Eye Color Wings Body Bristles
Long
LegsW D S SH S A C S B F
CW M E Y M A N
11 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 02 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0
2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 5 0 12
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0
3 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 0 0
20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
Table 1. Summary of all the Mutations among the maleD.melanogasterexposed to varying duration of smoke from
Almaciga (Agathis philippinensis)resin.
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Treatme
ntsReplicat
esNumber of Females
Wildtype MutatedEye
ColorWings Body Bristle
sLong
LegsW D S S
HS A C S B F
CW M E Y MA N
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 02 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0
2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 7 0 02
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 7 0 0
3 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 0 0
Table 2. Summary of all the Mutations among the maleD.melanogasterexposed to varying duration of smoke from
Almaciga (Agathis philippinensis)resin.
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Treatments
Mutant
Wildtype
1 2 72
6
5
3 5 0
Table 1. Summary of Frequencies of Wildtype
and Mutant among the D. melanogaster
exposed to Varying Duration of smoke fromAlmaciga (Agathis philippinensis) resin.
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Mutant Wildtype Total
Treatment 1 Observed 2 7 9Expected 4.68 4.32 9.00
O - E -2.68 2.68 0.00
(O - E) / E 1.53 1.66 3.20
Treatment 2 Observed 6 5 11Expected 5.72 5.28 11.00
O - E 0.28 -0.28 0.00
(O - E) / E 0.01 0.01 0.03Treatment 3 Observed 5 0 5
Expected 2.60 2.40 5.00
O - E 2.40 -2.40 0.00
(O - E) / E 2.22 2.40 4.62
Total Observed 13 12 25Expected 13.00 12.00 25.00
O - E 0.00 0.00 0.00
(O - E) / E 3.76 4.08 7.84
7.84 chi-square2 Df
.0198 p-value
Table 4. Chi square Contingency Table for Independence
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Based on statistical
analysis, the p-value, at=0.05, is 0.0198 which is
lesser than the computedvalue of 5.99. Thus, the
null hypothesis isaccepted.
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Conclusion
The results of the experiment showed that theAlmaciga resin induces mutation to the F1generation ofDrosophila melanogasterin threetreatments.
The observed mutations were: (1) the color of its bands, wherein the wild type has
darker bands than the mutated fruit flies,
(2) the number of bands in the abdomen of the flies,wherein one of the offspring developed only two ringsof bands in the abdomen,
(3) size of its abdomen, wherein the mutantsdeveloped a miniature abdomen, and
(4) the length of legs wherein one fly developedlonger legs compared to the wild type.
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There is no significant difference in thefrequencies of wildtype and
frequencies of mutants among the F1
generation fruit flies treated withvarying duration of exposure of smoke
from Almaciga(A. philippinensisW.).
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Appendices
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Appendices
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