Assessing Fish Behavior Using Acoustic
Telemetry Methods
Kevin Kumagai, Colleen Sullivan, and Sam Johnston
HTI - Hydroacoustic Technology, Inc.
143rd Annual Meeting of AFS
September 12, 2013, 9 AM, Hoffman
Little Rock, AR
Assessing Fish
Behavior Using
Acoustic
Telemetry
Methods
Overview
Overview • Acoustic tags can provide information about fish populations. For
example, presence/absence.
• If detections are uniformly spaced to a high level of precision, these
detections can assess fish behavior.
• Example behaviors include:
• Moving towards and away
• Holding
• Downstream migration
• Searching
• Fish passage
• Predator avoidance
• Predation
• Simultaneous tags
• Tag defecation
Acoustic tags = information
Presence/absence • Acoustic tags can provide information about fish
populations. For example, presence/absence.
Single hydrophone deployments
Single hydrophone
deployments • Can provide presence/absence
Hydrophone 1
Upstream
Barrier
Downstream
Hydrophone 12
Detection histories
Detection histories • Are chronology of time-stamped tag detections
Fish survival and fish passage
Fish survival and
fish passage • Can be measured from the these detection histories
Uniform spacing, high precision: fish
behavior Uniform spacing,
high precision • Acoustic tags can provide information about fish
populations.
• If detections are uniformly spaced to a high level of
precision, these detections can assess fish behavior.
Tag ID encoded in unique period
(adapted from Ehrenberg and Steig, 2009)
Acoustically tagged fish movement animation Acoustically
tagged fish
movement
animation
created by G.Tritt (HTI) circa 2004
Display 1
Display 1
Display 2
Display 2
Display 3
Display 3
Display 4
Display 4
Display 5
Display 5
Display 6
Display 6
Display 7
Display 7
Single hydrophone example behaviors
Single hydrophone
example behaviors • Acoustic tags can provide information about fish
populations.
• If detections are uniformly spaced to a high level of
precision, these detections can assess fish behavior.
• Behaviors in this example include:
• Moving toward and away
• Holding
Single upstream hydrophone example
moving toward and away Single upstream
hydrophone
moving and away
Time increasing
Single downstream hydrophone example
moving toward and away Single
downstream
hydrophone
example moving
away
Time increasing
Moving toward and away
Moving toward
and away
Time increasing
Single hydrophone example behaviors
Holding, single
hydrophone
example behaviors • Acoustic tags can provide information about fish
populations.
• If detections are uniformly spaced to a high level of
precision, these detections can assess fish behavior.
• Behaviors in this example include:
• Moving toward and away
• Holding
Single hydrophone example holding behavior
Single hydrophone
example holding
behavior
Time duration 1 hour
Hydrophone
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Basic Tracking
Flow
Basic tracking
Nearest Green Hydrophone
Nearest Green
Hydrophone
Nearest Maroon Hydrophone
Nearest Maroon
Hydrophone
Nearest Orange Hydrophone
Nearest Orange
Hydrophone
Nearest Turquoise Hydrophone
Nearest Turquoise
Hydrophone
Nearest Yellow Hydrophone
Nearest Yellow
Hydrophone
Nearest Blue Hydrophone
Nearest Blue
Hydrophone
Hydrophone Detections: Summary Hydrophone
Detections:
Summary
Time duration 20 plus minutes
2D tracks example behaviors
2D tracks example
behaviors • Acoustic tags can provide information about fish
populations.
• If detections are uniformly spaced to a high level of
precision, these detections can assess fish behavior.
• Behaviors in this example include:
• Holding
• Downstream migration
• Searching
• Fish passage
• Predator avoidance
Multiple hydrophone deployments Multiple
hydrophone
deployments
Downstream
Upstream
Barrier
Time Slider
Steelhead 2D positions(green)
Striped bass 2D positions(red)
Sun and moon gadget
Holding, 23:03-23:04
Tagged striped bass (red spheres) holding between blue and yellow
hydrophones. Data courtesy of CDWR.
Holding, 23:03-
23:04
Holding, 23:04-23:05
Tagged striped bass continues holding. Steelhead tag (light green
spheres) approaching array below pink and green hydrophones. Data
courtesy of CDWR.
Holding, 23:04-
23:05
Downstream migration, 23:05-23:06
Steelhead tag continues moving downstream through upstream array.
Striped bass continues to hold. Data courtesy of CDWR.
Downstream
migration, 23:05-
23:06
Downstream migration, 23:06-23:07
Steelhead tag approaching barrier while striped bass continues to hold.
Data courtesy of CDWR.
Downstream
migration, 23:06-
23:07
Searching, 23:07-23:08
Steelhead tag begins searching along barrier. Striped bass continues to
hold. Data courtesy of CDWR.
Searching, 23:07-
23:08
Searching, 23:08-23:09
Steelhead tag continues searching along barrier. Striped bass continues
to hold. Data courtesy of CDWR.
Searching, 23:08-
23:09
Searching, 23:09-23:10
Steelhead tag continues searching along barrier. Striped bass continues
to hold. Data courtesy of CDWR.
Searching, 23:09-
23:10
Searching, 23:10-23:11
Steelhead tag continues searching along barrier. Striped bass continues
to hold. Data courtesy of CDWR.
Searching, 23:10-
23:11
Fish passage, 23:11-23:12
Steelhead tag passes barrier via culvert. Striped bass continues to hold.
Data courtesy of CDWR.
Fish passage,
23:11-23:12
Fish passage, 23:12-23:13
Steelhead tag continues past barrier. Striped bass continues to hold.
Data courtesy of CDWR.
Fish passage,
23:12-23:13
Fish passage, 23:13-23:14
Steelhead tag continues past barrier. Striped bass begins to move. Data
courtesy of CDWR.
Fish passage,
23:13-23:14
Predator avoidance, 23:14-23:15
As steelhead tag passes over striped bass, steelhead tag appears to
avoid bass moving counter-clockiwse. Striped bass also moves
downstream. Data courtesy of CDWR.
Predator
avoidance, 23:14-
23:15
Predator avoidance, 23:15-23:16
Steelhead tag continues circling counter-clockwise as striped bass
moves slightly downstream. Data courtesy of CDWR.
Predator
avoidance, 23:15-
23:16
Predator avoidance, 23:16-23:17
Steelhead tag continues circling counter-clockwise as striped bass
moves slightly downstream. Data courtesy of CDWR.
Predator
avoidance, 23:16-
23:17
Predator avoidance, 23:17-23:18
Steelhead tag continues circling counter-clockwise as striped bass
moves slightly downstream. Data courtesy of CDWR.
Predator
avoidance, 23:17-
23:18
Predator avoidance, 23:18-23:19
Steelhead tag continues circling counter-clockwise as striped bass
moves slightly downstream. Data courtesy of CDWR.
Predator
avoidance, 23:18-
23:19
Predator avoidance, 23:19-23:20
Steelhead tag appears to avoid striped bass again as passes by. Data
courtesy of CDWR.
Predator
avoidance, 23:19-
23:20
Predator avoidance, 23:20-23:21
Both tags moving downstream. Data courtesy of CDWR.
Predator
avoidance, 23:20-
23:21
Predator avoidance, 23:21-23:22
Steelhead tag leaves downstream. Striped bass holding further
downstream. Data courtesy of CDWR.
Predator
avoidance, 23:21-
23:22
Summary 2D tracks
Summary 2D
tracks
2D tracks example behaviors
2D tracks example
behaviors • Acoustic tags can provide information about fish
populations.
• If detections are uniformly spaced to a high level of
precision, these detections can assess fish behavior.
• Behaviors in this example include:
• Predation
• Simultaneous tags
• Tag defecation
Overview: predation and simultaneous tags Overview:
predation and
simultaneous
tags
Downstream
Upstream
Barrier
Time Slider
Steelhead 2D positions(green)
Striped bass 2D positions(red)
Sun and moon gadget
Tagged striped bass (red spheres) consumed tagged dead chinook (blue
spheres) and the two tags swim simultaneouly for almost two days. Data
courtesy of BOR.
Striped bass, 6/21/13 10:05-10:10 Striped bass,
6/21/13 10:05-
10:10
Tagged striped bass (red spheres) in primary channel. Data courtesy of
BOR.
Striped bass, 6/21/13 10:10-10:15 Striped bass,
6/21/13 10:10-
10:15
Tagged striped bass (red spheres) in primary channel. Data courtesy of
BOR.
Predation, 6/21/13 10:15-10:20 Striped bass,
6/21/13 10:15-
10:20
Tagged striped bass (red spheres) consumes dead chinook (blue
spheres) approximately 6/21/13 10:20. Data courtesy of BOR.
Simultaneous tags, 6/21/13 10:20-10:25 Simultaneous
tags, 6/21/13
10:20-10:25
Two tags are simultaneous for almost two days. Data courtesy of BOR.
Simultaneous tags continues for almost two
days, 6/23/13 9:10-9:15
Simultaneous tags together for almost two days. Data courtesy of BOR.
Simultaneous
tags continues
for almost two
days , 9:10-9:15
Tag defecation, 9:15-9:20
Chinook tag (blue spheres) defecated approximately 6/23/13 9:15:39.
Data courtesy of BOR.
Tag defecation,
9:15-9:20
Separate tags, 9:20-9:25
Striped bass continues moving around primary channel while chinook
tag stationary. Data courtesy of BOR.
Separate tags,
9:20-9:25
Separate tags, 9:25-9:30
Striped bass moving around primary channel while chinook tag
stationary. Data courtesy of BOR.
Separate tags,
9:25-9:30
Separate tags, 9:30-9:35
Striped bass continues moving around primary channel while chinook
tag stationary. Data courtesy of BOR.
Separate tags,
9:30-9:35
Separate tags, 9:35-9:40
Striped bass continues moving around primary channel while chinook
tag stationary. Data courtesy of BOR.
Separate tags,
9:35-9:40
Separate tags, 9:40-9:45
Striped bass continues moving around primary channel while chinook
tag stationary. Data courtesy of BOR.
Separate tags,
9:40-9:45
Defecation Summary
Data courtesy of BOR.
Defecation
Summary
Single hydrophone: tag defecation
Single
hydrophone tag
defecation
Time duration 1 hour
Multiple hydrophones: tag defecation
Multiple
hydrophones tag
defecation
Time duration 1 hour
Summary
Summary • Acoustic tags can provide information about fish populations. For
example, presence/absence.
• If detections are uniformly spaced to a high level of precision, these
detections can assess fish behavior.
• Example behaviors include:
• Moving towards and away
• Holding
• Downstream migration
• Searching
• Fish passage
• Predator avoidance
• Predation
• Simultaneous tags
• Tag defecation
Current R&D: HTI Predation Tag
HTI Predation Tag
• Verifies predation via a unique
modification in the tag signal while
maintaining individual fish ID
• Provides a tool to directly measure
predation
• Allows evaluation of behavior-based
predation techniques
• Laboratory testing by CDWR and
BOR in 2013 (Afentoulis et al., 2013)
• Field testing planned for 2014
Image Courtesy of FISHBIO
* Patent pending
References
• Afentoulis, V.B., M.N. Johnson, A.A. Schultz, and C.J. Yip. 2013. Predation
Tag Efficacy. Research proposal document. Property of the California
Department of Water Resources, Bay Delta Office.
• Ehrenberg, J. E., and Steig, T. W. 2009. A study of the relationship between
tag-signal characteristics and achievable performances in acoustic fish-tag
studies. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1278–1283.
• Kumagai, K.K. In prep. Acoustic tag detections and tracking of fish
predation and tag defecation at the Tracy Fish Collection Facility in 2013.
Report to Bureau of Reclamation, Byron, Calif., by Hydroacoustic
Technology, Inc., Seattle, Wash.
• Tunnicliffe, C., K.K. Kumagai, and S.V. Johnston. 2011. Two-dimensional
fish tracking study in the Old River at Tracy barrier in 2011. Report to
California Department of Water Resources, Sacramento, Calif., by
Hydroacoustic Technology, Inc., Seattle, Wash.
References
Acknowledgments
• California Department of Water Resources (V. Afentoulis, K. Clark, M. Johnson, J. McQuirk, J. Miranda,
C. Yip)
• Bureau of Reclamation (B. Bridges, K. Carp, R. Reyes, A. Schultz, B. Wu)
Acknowledg
ments
Animations/Questions
Kevin Kumagai, Colleen Sullivan, and Sam Johnston
HTI - Hydroacoustic Technology, Inc.
For more information: www.htisonar.com
Animations/Questi
ons
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