ASEAN DROUGHT WORKSHOP
18~20 August, 2015
Bangkok, Thailand
Sein Tun
Deputy Director General
Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River Systems(DWIR)
Ministry of Transport
DROUGHT MANAGEMENT IN MYANMAR
Eight Physiogeographic regions
Source>> Myanmar National Adaptation Programme of Action(NAPA) to Climate Change;2012
Direct
Agriculture yields decrease and crops fail.
Limited consumable water
Severe water shortages during EI Niño Southern Oscillation years.
Decreased river flows.
Worker productivity declines.
Indirect
Reduced potential for harnessing energy for electricity and power.
Dehydration and other health complications.
Increased wildfires and associated haze pollution cause health risks.
Limited access for local communities to food, drinking water and
other basic services.
Poverty, morbidity and mortality increases.
Direct & Indirect Impact
Source>> Myanmar National Adaptation Programme of Action(NAPA) to Climate Change;2012
Natural Disaster Management Apex Body
National Natural Disaster Preparedness Central Committee was
formed under the Chairmanship of the Vice-President(2) of the State.
To carry out preparedness and safety measures for possible danger of
natural disaster in the country and ensuring prompt and effective risk
response in time of emergency.
National Natural Disaster Preparedness Management Work Committee
is formed under the Chairmanship of the Union Minister(Ministry of
Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement).
To systematically undertake preparedness measure for natural
disasters, to swiftly carry out reliefs and aids and to implement policies
and directives set by National Natural Disaster Preparedness Central
Committee.
Myanmar Action Plan on Disaster Risk Reduction(MAPDRR)(2012)Seven Sectors
65 projects(including Extreme Events Mitigation and capacity building)
To implement the projects allocate
Leading Agencies
Supporting Agencies
Potential partners (UNDP, UNEP, INGOs, NGOs, UNESCAP, MRC)
Community engagement is depending upon the management of
States and Regions Level
Township Levels
Department of Relief and Resettlement is the key player for community
engagement especially for State/Region/Township Levels.
Myanmar National Water Policy (MNWP) (2014)
The MNWP has highlighted to keep environmental flows in the river system and
water harvesting campaign should be strengthened throughout the country.
A portion of river flow (environmental flow) should be kept aside to meet
ecological needs.
The different kinds of water infrastructure may also need for the navigability of
Ayeyarwady River.
Rain water harvesting campaign should be strengthened across the country. It
also stated the allocated water in the following order of priority:
i. Drinking Water
ii. Water for urban and rural sanitation
iii. Water for food security
iv. Water for other uses.
Water Allocation
Source>> Working Group of WACDEP Myanmar.
Myanmar National Water Policy (MNWP) (2014)
After assessing the MNWP water allocation study , it is suggested that the following
points are to be considered prioritizing on sector wise basis.
Presently, water allocation of the country’s vast water resources are prioritized in
order as drinking and domestic water, agriculture, industrial needs including
hydropower generation and other needs such as transportation, recreation, etc.
as per “30 years Agricultural Master Plan” by MoAI in 2000. Allocation should be
re-scrutinized and well defined by the Government and required to review from
time to time to prioritize the allocation with sector wise basis.
2003 study for water sector profile indicated that about 90% of the water use
is from agriculture, 6% from domestic consumption, 3% from industry and
some percentage for other uses could have been provided. Reassessment
should be undertaken to register the withdrawals by different sectors.
Source>> Working Group of WACDEP Myanmar.
Water Allocation
Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) under Ministry of Transport
is responsible for the provision of weather forecasting and collection of
hydrological data.
Relevant models are used in prediction of rainfall, temperature, water level.
Temperature increment may lead to more dryness and shortage of water. The
large deviation is the indication of the likelihood of floods or drought in the
region.
DMH personals studied the drought in dry zone and surrounding areas by
using rainfall data and Tercircle criteria method. (2005 – 2014)
Drought related models as continuous tasks for DMH.
Data and Modeling Practice and needs
Major Structural Measures for Drought Mitigation
Irrigation facilities
Sr.No ParticularsTanks/Reservoirs
(No)
Storage Capacity
(MCM)
1 Completed Tanks / Reservoirs
before 1988
138 3170.10
2 Completed Tanks/ Reservoirs
between 1988 and 2012
239 16913.80
3 Construction works stated for
completion by 2012-13
13 2882.20
Total 390 22966.10
Source: Outline of the Irrigation Department.
*MCM – million cubic meter
Major Structural Measures for Drought Mitigation
River Training
River training is not only for the navigation improvement but also
for the extreme events mitigation.
1. Channel Improvement
2. Bank Protection
Intake Channel Improvement for Law Ka Nandar River Water Pumping Station
To make the arid region lush, green and beautiful
To maintain its ecosystem
To fulfill basic forest procedure requirements of the rural people
To contribute socio-economic development of the rural people
To make the local residents aware the value and essence of forest and trees
To enhance public knowledge on conservation and promotion of natural
environment, and escalate its participation
To maintain climatic balance in order to support cultivation
To prevent desertification
Major Structural Measures for Drought Mitigation
Objectives of the Dry Zone Greening Department
Source>> Dry Zone Greening Department
Particular attention is given to the Central Dry Zone where potable and safe
drinking water is very scarce.
To achieve MDG target; In 2015, to reduce half of rural population unable to
get safe drinking water.
Assessment of delivery unit (rural water supply sub-committee), 12353
villages were necessary RWS.
DRD plan 10000 villages rural water supply facilities, whether there are able
secured budget, Gov, INGOs, Foreign Grants/ Aids.
According to MDG target, whether we, DRD could implement as 10000
villages RWS, will reduce 80% of population who are difficulty to get safe
drinking water.
Major Structural Measures for Drought Mitigation
Rural Water Supply
Source>> Department of Rural Development (DRD)
Water Consumption of Completed and Ongoing and Planned Pump Irrigation Projects
Sr Water Source (Name of River) No of Pump Irrigation Project1 Ayeyarwady 882 Chindwin 223 Thanlwin 64 Sittaung 295 Mu 246 Dokehtawaddy 277 Others 196
Total 390
Sr DescriptionPump Irrigation Ground Water Total
No Acre No Acre No Acre1 Completed 332 505605 12508 164843 12840 6704482 On Going 35 236881 2114 21805 2149 2586863 Planned 23 6921 6307 63810 6330 70731
Total 390 749407 20929 250458 21319 999865
Major Structural Measures for Drought Mitigation
Source>> Water Resources Utilization Department (WRUD)
Flood is more considerable than drought. At the same time,
climate change impacts and human activities alert us to keep the
alike care on drought.
Encourage and enhance the performances relevant to drought
mitigation.
Develop a drought early warning system via capacity building
especially DMH.
Both for short term and long term action plan should be prepared,
considering issues and strategies for drought mitigation on water
security and climate resilience.
Conclusion
Top Related