The American Revolution
April 1775: Battle of Lexington and ConcordFirst battle of the American revolution
between _____________forces and _____________ _____________
Paul Revere’s Ride “__________________________”
Concord was a victory for the colonist-“ The Shot heard round the World”
Lexington was a win for the _____________
British
Colonial Minute Men The British are Coming
British
May 1775: Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia13 out of the Thirteen colonies met:
the president of the Congress was _____________
Selected ___________________to be head of the continental Army
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwWi0zdF7wk&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
John Hancock
George Washington
June 1775: Battle of Bunker HillActually called
________________________Frontal attack by the British;
___________________________________of the War
Continental Army was _____________ until they ran out of gun powder
Breeds Hill
Bloodiest day of the War
winning
July 1775 Olive Branch PetitionLast attempt by colonist to restore
_____________ with BritainKing George Rejected the Petition
and asked Parliament to order a naval blockade
Peace
1775 King of England responds to loss of menHired thousands of German troops
called _____________ to help crush the rebellious colonist
Shock to the colonials- felt this was a “_____________”
http://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/videos#american-revolution
Hessians
Family War
December 1775: failed invasion of CanadaGeneral Montgomery pushed north
to capture Quebec and met with General ________ __________________and what was left of his troops.
Launch on _________ failedMontgomery died and Arnold was
wounded in the leg
Benedict Arnold
Quebec
January 1776: Paine’s Common SenseInspiring piece of literatureCalled the King “ the Royal Brute of
Great Britain”Asked the questions
“___________________”America has a sacred mission to set
herself up as an independent, democratic republic
Made people see that we could not hope for aid from _____________ if we remained loyal to Britain
What Good is a King
France
July 1776: Declaration of Independence
July 2, 1776 – Congress agreed to pass Richard Henry Lee’s (Va.) statement that the United colonies should be free and independent state.
Needed a written statement- assigned a committee to do this
Thomas Jefferson wrote the statementStatement was signed on July 4, 1776Ideas on what to write came from:
1. Enlightenment philosopher: John Locke2. Author of Common Sense: Thomas Paine
1776: Choosing sides:Patriots or Whigs _____________ the
war of independence because:Loyalists or Tories fought for the
crown____ of the population stayed loyal
supported
20%
Summer and fall 1776: British Victories
Captured Quebec, burned Norfolk, took control of Boston;The British were settings sights on New York Sent 5 ships with _____________men ( largest armed force
seen until the Civil War)Washington with his _____________men fought and lost;
retreated back to New Jersey with the British at his heelsMilitary factor to colonial win: George Washington
avoided any situation that threatened the destruction of his army and his leadership kept his army together when defeat and hard times prevailed.
British commander Howe did not want a winter campaign with supplies at low number so he set up camp
35,000
18,000
August 1776: Defeat in New York____________________ and ______________________
( Brothers) sailed into New York harbor with 32,000 men including _________________________________
Washington rallied 23,00 Americans – ________________ and had poor equipment
Americans were forced to retreat, and were pushed into PA
Many of Washington men had either _________________________________, so he was down to less than _________ men
Untrained
Admiral Howe
Hessian Mercenaries
General Howe
Deserted or been killed 8,000
Dec 25, 1776: Battle at Trenton:
Date December 26,1776 Washington and men crossed the
_______________Attack was a surpriseCaptured Hessians sleeping off _____________
_____________In retreat, Washington then inflicted a
sharp defeat on small British group at Princeton
*** revealed Washington or “_____________” at his military best
Delaware River
Christmas Celebration
Old Fox
Spring 1777- PhiladelphiaGeneral Howe hoped to take the ___________
The ________________________________ fled the city,
Washington attempts to block the British advances were_________________________
Capital City Second Continental Congress
Unsuccessful
October 1777 Battle of Saratoga:
British General Burgoyne was forced to surrender his entire command to American General Gates
*** victory revived colonial cause*** this win helped to persuade the French to
enter into the war
Winter of 1777-1778 Valley Forge: Location outside of _____________Stayed _____________ there Men suffered from _____________and
_____________Still Continental Army was whipped into
shaped by Prussian drillmaster _____________
Philadelphiawinter
hungerFrost bite
Frederich von Stuben
1778: Formation of the French-American allianceColonies was Britain’s most ___________ possession
and if France could help them gain freedom, then France could get revenge for the loss in the French/Indian war and could regain the rank as ________________________________
France has been helping since Lexington loss – 90% of gunpowder used in war had come from France
King Louis XVI and France scared to openly declare war but feared to wait too long – might end up fighting Britain and its colonies if they lose
Valuable
A world power
________________________________was made between France and Ben Franklin, representative sent from the colonies to persuade entering the war – diplomatic factor leading to colonial victory
French support threw the British: could not count on commanding the coast due to French fleet in waters
Treaty of Alliance
1778-1779: Clark’s victories in the west:America at its darkest: congress going Bankrupt,
munity over back pay, disunion among the statesBritish General Cornwallis had fallen back to
Chesapeake Bay at ________________________________ waiting for supplies and reinforcements
Did not know Britain had lost control of the seas General Washington marched from New York to
Yorktown along with French while French blockaded ________________________________ in the sea
Cornwallis was cornered and surrendered 7,000 men while his band played “The world turned upside down”
Yorktown
Yorktown
Date ________________________________– Last battle of American Revolution
Triumph was French and AmericanLord North cried it was not over and fighting
continued for over one year in Yorktown but did no good
Military factor leading to colonial win: ______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Americans benefited from presence of French army and navy at Battle of Yorktown
October 19, 1781
1783: Treaty of Paris:America sent three peace negotiators to
Paris:1. Ben Franklin 2. John Adams3. John JayInstructions from congress to make no
separate peace and consult with French allies throughout the negotiations
France had influenced ___________ to enter into war and made them promises they can’t keep
Spain
France wanted independence for America but wanted to keep it weak so they could promote French policy – paid heavy price in men and money for this win
John Jay started making secret negotiations with ________________________________
London, England
Treaty signed said:1. U.S granted independence from
Britain2. U.S. will not punish loyalists 3. Established boundaries of the US
and British territory4. Release of Prisoners of War 5. Granted the US and Britain access
to the Mississippi River 6. Gave the US Fishing rights in the
Gulf of Saint Lawrence and in the Great Banks
**** Britain wanted peace agreement to be as alluring as possible so it could pull America away from its French alliance
Problems with the treaty:1. British debt owed by the colonists
can be collected2. Did not set a date for when the
British must leave
New boundaries for the United States of America are :West: Mississippi River
East: Atlantic Ocean
North: Canada
South: Florida
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