5/13/2018 Applying Mycorrhiza Biotechnology to Horticulture- Significance and Pote...
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5/13/2018 Applying Mycorrhiza Biotechnology to Horticulture- Significance and Pote...
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5/13/2018 Applying Mycorrhiza Biotechnology to Horticulture- Significance and Pote...
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L+ Nql($N fr`inq O+D+ Anqbn * \l`bk} `n Cjq} `lri} rqnb 83 #>006) @$1= <
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|rqx`xb j}cbq| }j `dwqjxb }cb`q fqjv}c nkm j}cbq| }j nlc`bxb }cb`q dns`drd mbxbijw$
dbk} #Cnpdnk >03<5 Anqbn b} ni+ >00<) }c`| ab`kf mb}bqd`kbm ap }cb fbkb}`l
lcnqnl}bq`|}`l| jh }cb wink}+
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|wbl`b| #Nzljk nkm Jlndwj >03>> xnqp fqbn}ip `k }cb`q ibxbi jh –|r|lbw}`a`i`}p‐ }j
5/13/2018 Applying Mycorrhiza Biotechnology to Horticulture- Significance and Pote...
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L+ N(k$Nfr`inq O+D+ Anqbn * \l`bk} n Cjq}`lri}rqnb 83 #>006) @$1= 2
NDW+ ]c`| `km`ln}b| }cn} }cb wink} fbkj}pwb ljk}qji| }cb ndjrk} jh qjj} }`||rb vc`lc
vjrim ablndb dpljqqc`zni #F`nk`knzz`$Wbnq|jk >03= \d`}c >002)+ \`klb }cb hrkf`
ni|j m`hhbq `k }cb bs}bk} }j vc`lc }cbp ljijk`zb }cb qjj} |p|}bd jh n f`xbk cj|} wink} `}
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n||jl`n}bm }j }cn} jh –|pda`j}`l bhhbl}`xbkb||‐ }j b|}nai`|c }cn} jh –hrkl}`jkni ljdwn}`a`i$
`}p‐ #F`nk`knzz`$Wbnq|jk >03=)+ ]cb in}}bq qbhbq| }j }cb wcbkj}`w`l bswqb||`jk jh }cb ND
|}n}r| n| n qb|ri} jh }cb bkx`qjkdbk}ni `khirbklb| jk }cb bswqb||`jk jh }cb fbkj}pw`l
b~r`wdbk} jh aj}c }cb wink} nkm }cb hrkfr| `kxjixbm #\d`}c nkm F`nk`knzz`$Wbnq|jk
>033)+ Nlljqm`kf }j F`nk`knzz $Wbnq|jk #>03=) nkm Nzljk$Nfr`inq nkm Anfj #>00=)
}cbqb `| bx`mbklb jh hrkfr|$wink} –qbljfk`}`jk‐ wqjlb||b| n} |bxbqni |}nfb|+ \rlc
bx`mbklb `klirmb|? #`) n lbii }j lbii ljk}nl} vc`lc f`xb| vnp }j nwwqb||jq`rd hjqdn}`jk5
#``) lbq}n`k djqwcjijf`lni nkm |}qrl}rqni lcnkfb| v`}c`k }cb hrkfr| ljijk`z`kf qjj}
}`||rb| dn`kip ljklbqk`kf hrkfni lbii vnii jqfnk`zn}`jk5 #```) `k}bfqn}`jk jh }cb wcp|`ji$
jfp jh aj}c |pda`jk}| nkm #`x) qbm`|}q`ar}`jk jh bkzpdn}`l nl}`x`}`b| b|wbl`niip }cj|b
`kxjixbm `k kr}q`bk} bslcnkfb ab}vbbk |pda`jk}|+
1+1+ Hjqdn}`jk jh ND |pda`j|`|
ND ljijk`zn}`jk abf`k| v`}c cpwcnb }cn} nq`|b hqjd |j`i$ajqkb wqjwnfrib| #inqfb
qb|}`kf |wjqb| jh }cb NDW jq dpljqqc`zni qjj} hqnfdbk}|) jq hqjd nk ND wink} fqjv`kf
kbnqap+
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}cqjrfc }cb `k}bqlbiirinq |wnlb| nkm }cbk bk}bq qjj} }`||rb| |wqbnm`kf ab}vbbk nkm
}cqjrfc lbii| jh }cb ljq}`lni qjj} inpbq|+ Jklb }cb cpwcnb qbnlc }cb `kkbq ljq}bs }cbp
v`ii fqjv `k}j }cb lbii| nkm ap dbnk| jh qbwbn}bm m`lcj}jdjr| aqnklc`kf hjqd
}qbb$i`eb |}qrl}rqb| lniibm –nqar|lrib|‐+ ]cb i`hb$|wnk jh `km`x`mrni nqar|lrib| `| najr}
=$ >= mnp|+ N| `k}bqkni ljijk`zn}`jk |wqbnm| }cb bs}qn$qnm`lni cpwcnb qnd`hp nkm fqjv
nijkf }cb qjj} |rqhnlb hjqd`kf djqb wbkb}qn}`jk wj`k}|+ ]cbp ni|j fqjv jr}vnqm| `k}j
}cb |rqqjrkm`kf |j`i }cr| mbxbijw`kf nk bs}bk|`xb }q`$m`dbk|`jkni kb}vjqe jh dplbi`rd
vc`lc `k}bqhnlb| v`}c |j`i wnq}`lib|+ ]cb hrkfr| `k |jdb fbkbqn dnp hjqd –xb|`lib|‐)
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]cb hrkfr| `k }cb `k}qnlbiirinq ljijk`zn} jk| n| `k }cb ln|b jh nqar|lrib| `| nivnp|
|rqqjrkmbm ap }cb `k}nl} cj|}$lbii win|dnibddn+ Nqar|lrib hjqdn}`jk }cbqbhjqb qbwqb$
|bk}| n inqfb |rqhnlb jh lbiirinq ljk}nl} ab}vbbk aj}c |pda`jk}|+ ]c`| hnl`i`}n}b| }cb
bslcnkfb jh db}naji`}b| ab}vbbk cj|} nkm hrkfr|+ @k hnl} }cb nqar|lrib `| wqjanaip }cb
dn`k }qnk|hbq |`}b jh d`kbqni kr}q`bk}| hqjd }cb hrkfr| }j }cb wink} nkm L ljdwjrkm| }j
}cb hrkfr| #\d`}c nkm F`nk`knzz $Wbnq|jk >0335 \d`}c nkm \d`}c >0075 Ajkhnk}b nkm
A`nkl`j}}j >002)+ Mn}n qbljqmbm ap \d`}c nkm F`nk`knzz $Wbnq|jk #>033) `km`ln}b }cn}
}cb ibkf}c jh }cb bs}bqkni cpwcnb fqjv`kf `k |j`i n||jl`n}bm v`}c dpljqqc zni qjj}|
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8 L+ N(k$Nfr`inq O+D+ Anqbn * \l`bk``n Cjq}`lri}rqnb 83 #>006) i$1=
ijv$dja`ib `jk| #d`kbqni wink} kr}q`bk}|) hqjd }cb arie |j`i+ ]cb bs}qn$qnm`lni cpwcnb
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}q`ar}b }j }cb hjqdn}`jk jh vn}bq$|}naib nffqbfn}b| vc`lc nqb lq`}`lni hjq n fjjm |j`i
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hrkl}`jk`kf jh }cb |pda`j|`|+
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ekjvk }cn} }cb na`i`}p jh }cb qjj} |p|}bd }j na|jqa ijv dja`i`}p kr}q`bk}| hqjd }cb |j`i
|jir}`jk `| wj|`}`xbip ljqqbin}bm }j qjj} |rqhnlb nqbn vc`lc `| `k }rqk n ljk|b~rbklb jh
qjj} |p|}bd nqlc`}bl}rqb #aqnklc`kf wn}}bqk ibkf}c nkm m`ndb}bq jh }cb qjj}| ibkf}c nkm
krdabq jh qjj} cn`q| b}l+)+ ]cr| wink}| v`}c ijv aqnklc`kf hqb~rbklp ijv krdabq jh
in}bqni qjj}| nkm hbv #nkm*jq |cjq}) qjj} cn`q| nwwbnq }j ab djqb mbwbkmbk} jk
dpljqqc`zn hjq d`kbqni kr}q`bk} rw}neb #Aqrkmqb}} >00>)+
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kr}q`bk} rw}neb nkm dpljqqc`zni mbwbkmbklp+ ]cb nl}`x`}p jh }cb qjj} |p|}bd `}| fqjv}c
qn}b nkm win|}`l`}p #}cb na`i`}p }j qb|wjkm ~r`leip }j ijlni`zbm jq }bdwjqni lcnkfb| `k |j`i
ljkm`}`jk| jq `k kr}q`bk} ibxbi| `k |j`i wqjh`ib|) ni|j nhhbl} }cb na`i`}p jh }cb wink} }j ljwbv`}c rkhnxjrqnaib |j`i ljkm`}`jk|+ Ljk|b~rbk}ip nkm mbwbkm`kf jk }cb|b lcnqnl}bq`|} l|
}cb wink} v`ii kbbm }j n fqbn}bq jq ib||bq bs}bk} }j qbip jk dpljqqc`zn b|}nai`|cdbk} `k
jqmbq }j jxbqljdb }cb|b wqjaibd|+
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]cb ebp bhhbl}| jh ND |pda`j|`| lnk ab |rddnq`zbm n| hjiijv|? #`) `dwqjxbm qjj}`kf
nkm wink} b|}nai`|cdbk}5 #``) `dwqjxbm rw}neb jh ijv dja`ib `jk|5 #```; dwqjxbm kr}q`bk}
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d`kbqni kr}q`} jk wink} mbxbijwdbk} nkm wink} wqj}bl}`jk #F`nk`knzz b} ni+ >007a)+
NDH ni|j cnxb nk `km`qbl} `khirbklb jk wink} fqjv}c ablnr|b jh }cb`q bhhbl}| jk |j`i
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#Ab}cibkhnixnp nkm I`kmbddk >0015 Ab}cibkhnixnp nkm \lcabww >00=)+
]cb wq`dnqp bhhbl} jh ND |pda`j|`| `| }j `klqbn|b }cb |rwwip jh d`kbqni kr}q`bk}| }j
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L+ Nzlak$Nfr`inq O+D+ Anqbn*\l`bk}`n Cjq}`lri}rqnb 83 #>006) >$1= 6
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wcj}j|pk}cb|`| `}|bih nkm jk }cb }qnk|ijln}`jk jh }cb wcj}j|pk}cn}b+ Cbklb hbvbq
wcj}j|pk}cb|`| wqjmrl}| nqb niijln}bm }j }cb qjj}5 }cb |cjj}*qjj} qn}`j `| }cbqbhjqb
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lni wnqndb}bq| `k mbxbijw`kf qjj} |p|}bd| #\lcbiibkanrd b} ni+ >00>5 N}e`k|jk b} ni+
>00=5 Abq}n b} ni+ >002> n fqbn}bq qjj} aqnklc`kf ab`kf }cb dj|} ljddjkip mb|lq`abm
bhhbl}+ @} cn| abbk nqfrbm }cn} lcnkfb| `k }cb cjqdjkni aninklb nkm `k }cb dbq |}bdn}`l
nl}`x`}p dnp bswin`k }cb|b bhhbl}| jk wink} mbxbijwdbk}+
Nkj}cbq nl}`x`}p jh nqar|lrinq dpljqqc`zn| ljklbqk| wink} wqj}bl}`jk nfn`k|} a`j}`l
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nwwqjwq`n}b dnknfbdbk} jh |rlc nk}nfjk`|}`l jqfnk`|d| `k jqmbq }j wqj}bl} }cb wink}
nfn`k|} wn}cjfbk| #anl}bq`n hrkf` kbdn}jmb| b}l+) `| n hjqd jh a`jijf`lni ljk}qji+ ND
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}cbp lnk qbmrlb jq bxbk |rwwqb|| mndnfb lnr|bm ap |j`i$ajqkb wink} wn}cjfbk|
#I`kmbqdnk >00=5 Cjjebq b} ni+ >00=a)+ Cjvbxbq `} `| `dwjq}nk} }j wj`k} jr} }cn} }cb
bkcnklbdbk} jh qjj} qb|`|}nklb*}jibqnklb }j wn}cjfbk n}}nle `k ND wink}| `| kj} bsbq}bm
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bswqb||bm `k nii |ra|}qn}b| jq `k nii bkx`qjkdbk}ni ljkm`}`jk|+ Kbxbq}cbib|| }cbqb nqb
bsndwib| mbdjk|}qn}`kf }cn} wq`jq ljijk`zn}`jk jh |bibl}bm ND hrkf` wqj}bl} wink}|nfn`k|} wn}cjfbk`l hrkf` |rlc n| Wcp}jwc}cjqn Fnbrdnkjdplb| Hr|nq`rd
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|}n}bdbk}|+
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}`jk hjq wcj}j|pk}cn}b| jq hjq ljijk`zn}`jk*`khbl}`jk |`}b| `kmrl}`jk jh lcnkfb| `k }cb
djqwcjijfp*nkn}jdp jh }cb qjj} |p|}bd `kmrl}`jk jh lcnkfb| `k dpljqqc`zj|wcbqb
wjwrin}`jk| nkm nl}`xn}`jk jh wink} mbhbklb dblcnk`|d| #I`kmbqdnk >00=5 Cjjebq b}ni+ >00=a)+
Dpljqqc`zni hrkf` ni|j bknaib wink}| }j ljwb v`}c na`j}`l |}qb|| ap dbnk| jh
niibx`n}`kf kr}q`bk} mbh`l`bkl`b| `dwqjx`kf mqjrfc} }jibqnklb jxbqljd`kf }cb mb}q`dbk$
}ni bhhbl}| jh |ni`k`}p bkcnkl`kf }jibqnklb }j wjiir}`jk nkm `dwqjx`kf }cb nmnw}n}`jk jh
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D`lqja`ni `k}bqnl}`jk| `kxjix`kf NDH nwwbnq }j winp n ebp qjib `k bljijf`lni nkm
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3 L+ N(} $N fr`inq O+D+ Anqbn * \l`bk}` n Cjq} `lri} rqnb 83 #>006) @$1=
}`jk nkm*jq }cb b|}nai`|cdbk} jh bk}qp wj`k}| jh }cb ND hrkf` `k }cb qjj}|+ Ljkxbq|bip
ap ni}bq`kf }cb ~rni`}p nkm ~rnk}`}p jh qjj} bsrmn}b| ND |pda`j|`| lnk djmrin}b }cb
nl}`x`}p nkm*jq krdabq jh }cb d`lqja`ni ljdwjkbk}| `k }cb |j`i |rqqjrkm`kf }cb
dpljqqc`zni qjj} |p|}bd f`x`kf vnp }j }cb |j$lniibm dpljqqc`zj|wcbqb #I`kmbqdnk>0015 Nzljk$Nfr`inq nkm Anqbn >001)+ \wbl`h`l }pwb| jh jqfnk`|d| nqb naib }j b|}nai`|c
qbin}`jk|c`w| v`}c dpljqqc`zni hrkf` vc`lc nhhbl} wink} fqjv}c nkm cbni}c nkm ni|j |j`i
~rni`}p+ ]cb|b `k}bqnl}`jk| nqb |rddnq`zbm hqjd Anqbn b} ni+ #>008) nkm qbljqmbm `k
]naib >+
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hnxjrq| ND hjqdn}`jk nkm hrkl}`jk ni}cjrfc nmnw}n}`jk jh lbq}n`k ND hrkf` }j c`fcbq
ibxbi| jh W nkm K `k |j`i cn| abbk qbwjq}bm #Cnpdnk >03<)+
N |wbl`ni ln|b jh n |ra|}qn}b bhhbl} `| }cn} bsbq}bm ap }cb wj}}`kf d`sb| r|bm `k
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r|b jh }cb|b |ra|}qn}b| nqb lrqqbk}ip qblb`x`kf n}}bk}`jk? #`) }cb |bibl}`jk jh }cj|b wj}}`kf
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ab}vbbk NDH nkm j}cbq ljdwjkbk}| jh }cb d`lqja`j}n jh }cb wj}}`kf d`s}rqb dn`kipljklbqk`kf }cb a`jijf`lni ljk}qji jh qjj} m`|bn|b|+
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L+ Nz($Nfr`inq+ O+D+ Anqbn * \l`bk}`n Cjq}`lri}rqnb 83 #>006) @$1= 0
}cnk }cj|b kbbmbm hjq kjk$dpljqqc`zni ljk}qji| }j qbnlc }cb |ndb wqjmrl}`x`}p5 #```) }cbqb
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r|b jh |ijv$qbibn|b hbq}`i`zbq| nkm }cb |bibl}`jk jh c`fc W$}jibqnk} hrkfni blj}pwb| lnk abnwwqjwq`n}b ni}bqkn}`xb| #Kbdbl >038)+
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}cb cj|} lnk |bibl} wnq}`lrinqip bhh`l`bk} bkmjwcp}b| #Dn||b b} ni+ >03>5 \`bxbqm`kf
>00>)+ Nwnq} hqjd }cb bhhbl}| jh hbq}`i`zbq nwwi`ln}`jk| jk }cb ND qb|wjk|b j}cbq
nfq`lri}rqni wqnl}`lb| nqb ekjvk }j nhhbl} ND nl}`x`}p+ Ndjkf }cb|b lnk ab ljk|`mbqbm
lqjw dnknfbdbk} `k}bk|`}p }qnk|wink} wqnl}`lb| jqfnk`l dn}}bq nwwi`ln}`jk| ljxbq
lqjww`kf lqjw qj}n}`jk #b|wbl`niip vcbk `} `kxjixb| kjk$cj|} wink}| jq hniijv wbq`jm|)
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vc`lc qn`|b }cb |j`i cbnxp db}ni ljk}bk} b}l+ ]cb|b hnl}jq| v`ii ab ljk|`mbqbm `k \bl}`jk
=+1 qbfnqm`kf cjq}`lri}rqb |p|}bd|+
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lqjw| cnxb qblb`xbm djqb n}}bk}`jk }cnk xbfb}naib nkm jqkndbk}ni lqjw|+
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cjq}`lri}rqni wqjmrl}`jk vn| wqjx`mbm ap Dbkfb b} ni+ #>066)+ ]c`| wnwbq mbdjk|}qn}bm
}cn} ND wqjwnfrib `kjlrin}`jk vn| n wqbqb~r`| }b }j fb} }cb b|}nai`|cdbk} jh l }qr|
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ni+ #>007na) Anqbn b} ni+ #>00<> Lcnkf #>00=) Ijxn}j b} ni+ #>002> Xnqdn nkm
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>7 L+ N }( k$N fr`inq O+D+ Anqbn*\l`bk}`n Cjq} `lri} rqnb 83 #>006) i$1=
\lcrbww #>002) nkm Ijxn}j b} ni+ #>008)+ ]cb|b qbx`bv| |cjv }cb wj}bk}`ni`}p hjq }cb
nwwi`ln}`jk jh ND `kjlrin}`jk `k cjq}`lri}rqb+ @k |rddnqp }cb `khjqdn}`jk wrai`|cbm
nkm qbljqmbm `k }cb najxb qbx`bv wnwbq| qbhbq| }j? #`) xbfb}naib lqjw| nkm |w`lb| |rlc n|
ib}}rlb jk`jk ibbe lbibqp n|wnqnfr| wbwwbq lrlrdabq abnk| }jdn}j |}qnvabqqpwj}n}j dr|edbijk vn}bqdbijk b}l+5 #``) }bdwbqn}b hqr`} lqjw| `klirm`kf l`}qr| nwwib
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mbxbijwdbk} jh d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm wink}ib}|5 #`x) `klqbn|bm qb|`|}nklb }j hrkfni qjj}
wn}cjfbk|5 #x) `klqbn|bm qb|`|}nklb }j na`j}`l |}qb||b|5 #x`) bnqi`bq hijvbq`kf nkm hqr`}`kf5
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=+ Dnknfbdbk} jh dpljqqc`zni a`j}blckjijfp }j `dwqjxb cjq}`lri}rqni wink} wqj$
mrl}`jk
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a`j}blckjijfp lnk ab nwwi`bm+ ]nqfb} wink} wqjmrl}`jk |p|}bd| nqb }cj|b qbin}bm }j
cjq}`lri}rqb `klirm`kf hqr}`lri}rqb nkm hijq`lri}rqb nkm hjqb|}qp+ N| niqbnmp |}n}bm `k
}cb|b |p|}bd| }cbqb `| n wink}ib} wqjmrl}`jk |}nfb vcbqb }cb |bbmi`kf| mbxbijw jk
nq}`h`l ni |ra|}qn}b| wj}}`kf d`s}rqb| jq m |`khbl}bm krq|bqp abm|+ N |wbl`ni ln|b `| }cn}
jh d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm wink} dn}bq`ni n| wqjmrlbm ap }`||rb lri}rqb vcbqb NDH nqb
ljdwib}bip na|bk} #X`mni b} ni+ >0015 F`nk`knzz` b} ni+ >007na5 Xb|}abqf nkm B|}nrk
>00=)+]cb dnojq`}p jh }cb krq|bqp$wqjmrlbm cjq}`lri}rqni wink}| dr|} cnxb n |ra|b~rbk}
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L+ Nz lj‐k$N fr`inq O+D+ Anqbn * \l`bk}` n Cjq} `lri} rqnb 83 #>006) @$1= >>
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#IBLN) n| |ra|}qn}b #Mbckb nkm Anlecnr| >038> nwwbnq| }j ab jh `k}bqb|}+ ]c`| wjqjr|
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nwwi`bm }j h`bim fqjvk lqjw| `k |dnii ~rnk}`}`b| #\J$>27 efcn$ ‐ ) #Ani}qr|lcn} >036)+
5/13/2018 Applying Mycorrhiza Biotechnology to Horticulture- Significance and Pote...
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abcnxbm n| nk nwwqjwq`n}b |ra|}qn}b hjq NDH |wjqb hjqdn}`jk #Anqbn b} ni+ >00<)+
\cbnqbm$qjj} `kjlrin #\pix`n nkm Onq|}hbq >001> ja}n`kbm `k nbqjwjk`l lri}rqb| #Crkf
nkm \pix`n >0335 Onq|}hbq nkm \pix`n >002) cnxb ni|j abbk wqjwj|bm+ Qblbk}ip |jdb
j}cbq linp$mbq`xbm |ra|}qn}b| jh}bk nwwi`bm n| |j`i$ljkm`}`jkbq| nqb ab`kf |rllb||hriip
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5/13/2018 Applying Mycorrhiza Biotechnology to Horticulture- Significance and Pote...
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L+ Nzlc}$Nfr`inq O+D+ Anqbn * \l`bk}`n Cjq}`lri}rqnb 83 #>006) @$1= ><
`k}bqb|}+ Nlljqm`kf }j Ijxn}j b} ni+ #>002) najr} >$1 ef jh arie |j`i `kjlrird #vc`lc
dbnk| nwwqjs`dn}bip 2777$>7 777 wqjwnfrib|) wbq d/ jh |bbmabm ljrim ab nk
nwwqjwq`n}b nwwi`ln}`jk qn}b+
]cb }`db jh `kjlrin}`jk `| ni|j lq`}`lni nkm n| n fbkbqni qrib `| lnk ab |n`m }cn} }cbbnqi`bq }cb `kjlrin}`jk `| wbqhjqdbm }cb fqbn}bq }cb abkbh`} }j }cb wink} #Anqbn b} ni+
>00<)+
]cb dj|} ljddjk arie `kjlrird ljdwj|`}`jk `| n d`s}rqb jh |wjqb| ljijk`zbm
qjj}| cpwcnb nkm }cb |rwwjq}`kf |ra|}qn}b hqjd wj} lri}rqb| r|rniip fqjvk `k wn|}brq$
`zbm |j`i jq |j`i$ib|| dbm`n #\pix`n nkm Onq|}hbq >00=)+ \jdb n}}bk}`jk cn| abbk f`xbk }j
ijkf$}bqd NDH wqb|bqxn}`jk nkm }j }cb |}jq`kf jh }cb `kjlrin+
\}rm`b| cnxb ni|j abbk lnqq`bm jr} jk n krdabq jh j}cbq n|wbl}| |rlc n|? #`) }cb r|b
jh wb|}`l`mb| hjq `kjlrird wqjmrl}`jk5 #``) `kjlrird ~rnk}`}`b| nkm q`lckb||5 #```)
`kjlrird winlbdbk} nkm |wqbnm b}l+ #Obhhq`b| nkm Mjmm >00>5 Ijxn}j b} ni+ >002)+
]cbqb cnxb abbk |bxbqni n}}bdw}| }j wqjmrlb ND `kjlrird jk n ljddbql`ni |lnib+
Obhhq`b| nkm Mjmm #>00>) Drijkfjp b} ni+ #>001) \pix`n nkm Onq|}hbq #>00=) nkm Ijxn}j
b} ni+ #>002) f`xb bsndwib| `k }cb`q qbx`bv wnwbq|+
Vjjm #>00>) `k qbx`bv`kf }cb wj}bk}`ni dnqeb}| nkm ljk|}qn`k}| hjq ND `kjlrird
ljddbql`ni`zn}`jk ljklirmbm }cn} }cb hn`irqb jh inqfb$|lnib ljddbql`ni wqjmrl}`jk
ljrim ab n}}q`ar}bm }j? #`) n wjjq rkmbq|}nkm`kf jh hrkfni a`jijfp5 #``) `knwwqjwq`n}b
`khjqdn}`jk qbfnqm`kf }cb nmxnk}nfb| jh dpljqqc`zn qb|ri}`kf `k ijv mbdnkm hjq }cb
wqjmrl}5 #```) hqnfdbk}bm dnqeb}| mrb }j }cb hnl} }cn} dnkp wj}bk}`ni ljk|rdbq| nqb
lrqqbk}ip nwwip`kf lri}rqni wqnl}`lb| vc`lc `k}bqhbqb v`}c ND hjqdn}`jk nkm hrkl}`jk
#b+f+ inqfb ~rnk}`}`b| jh hbq}`i`zbq nkm hrkf`l`mb|) nkm #`x) rkqbn|jknaib bswbl}n}`jk|+
=+1+ Cjq}`lri}rqni wqnl}`lb| `koirbkl`kf dpljqqc`zni a`j}blckjijfp
@} `| kj}bvjq}cp }cn} |j`i m`|`khbl}`jk n lrqqbk} wqnl}`lb `k cjq}`lri}rqni krq|bq`b|
ibnm| }j ab}}bq jwwjq}rk`}`b| hjq }cb nwwi`ln}`jk jh dpljqqc`zni a`j}blckjijfp+ Lcbd`lni
}qbn}dbk}| #Lcijqjw`lq`k Db}cpi aqjd`mb Xnwnd nkm n krdabq jh hrkf`l`mni |j`i
mqbklcb|) nqb lrqqbk}ip ab`kf nwwi`bm }j e`ii cnqdhri jqfnk`|d| wqb|bk} `k wqjwnfn}`jk
|ra|}qn}b| #Cnq}dnkk b} ni+ >007)+ \rlc }qbn}dbk}| vc`lc ni|j bi`d`kn}b abkbh`l`ni
d`lqjjqfnk`|d| mj kj} |bbd }j |bq`jr|ip m`|qrw} }cb wcp|`lni nkm lcbd`lni lcnqnl}bq$
`|}`l| jh }cb |ra|}qn}b|+ Nh}bq |jdb }`db hjq nbqn}`jk jh }cb |ra|}qn}b wink}`kf `| wj||`aib
nkm }cb qb|`mrb| jh }cb hrd`fnk}*hrkf`l`mb mj kj} nwwbnq }j `k}bqhbqb v`}c }cb nl}`x`}p jhqb`k}qjmrlbm NDH #F`nk`knzz` b} ni+ >007a5 Anqbn b} ni+ >00<)+
Nq}`h`l ni wj}}`kf d`sb| nkm j}cbq |ra|}qn}b| nqb ljddjkip r|bm `k krq|bq`b| vcbqb
|j`i `| qnqbip `kljqwjqn}bm+ ]cr| NDH nqb kj} kjqdniip wqb|bk} `k }cb|b qjj}`kf dbm`n+
Ablnr|b }cb qblbw}`x`}p jh |rlc |ra|}qn}b| }j NDH `| xnq`naib }b|}| nqb kbbmbm }j mbh`kb
nwwqjwq`n}b |ra|}qn}b$lqjw$NDH ljda`kn}`jk|+ \rllb||hri ND ljijk`zn}`jk cn| abbk
qbwjq}bm }j }neb winlb `k |ra|}qn}b| ljk}n`k`kf |nkm fqnxbi wbn} bswnkmbm linp wrd`lb
wbqi`}b anqe |nvmr|} xbqd`lri }b jq n d`s}rqb jh }cb|b #F`nk`knzz` b} ni+ >007a)+
@k cjq}`lri}rqni wqjmrl}`jk hbq}`i`zn}`jk |cjrim |n}`|hp }cb dns`drd wink} p bim n|
vbii n| }cb dn`k}bknklb jh }cb |pda`j|`| nkm `}| wqjwbq}`b| n| a`jhbq}`i`zbq nkm
a`jwqj}bl}jq nfn`k|} a`j}`l nkm na`j}`l |}qb||+ ]cbqbhjqb nwwqjwq`n}b hbq}`i`zn}`jk qbf`db|
dr|} ab lnqbhriip b|}nai`|cbm v`}c qbfnqm }j ~rnk}`}`b| kr}q`bk} ljdwj|`}`jk nkm
nwwi`ln}`jk |lcbmrib| #Ijxn}j b} ni+ >002)+
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>= L+ Nzlak$Nfr`inq O+D+ Anqbn * \l`bk}`n Cjq}`lri}rqnb 83 #>006) @$1=
@} cn| abbk mbdjk|}qn}bm }cn} lbq}n`k wb|}`l`mb }qbn}dbk}| nqb ljdwn}`aib v`}c NDH+
Hrq}cbqdjqb dpljqqc`zni `kjlrin}`jk nkm }cb|b ljdwn}`aib wb|}`l`mb| ljjwbqn}b }j
ljk}qji wn}cjfbk|+ ]c`| vjrim ibnm }j n mblqbn|b `k wb|}`l`mb r|b nkm ljk|b~rbk}ip }j n
qbmrl}`jk `k }cb`q `dwnl} jk }cb bkx`qjkdbk} #Ijxn}j b} ni+ >002)+ Lnw}nk nwwbnq| }j|}`drin}b }cb mbxbijwdbk} jh NDH dplbi`rd `k cjq}`lri}rqni |ra|}qn}b| #\lcabww nkm
Ajmdbq >00>5 Fr`iibd`k nkm F`nk`knzz` >001)+ @k |jdb ln|b| `} cn| abbk |cjvk }cn}
hj|b}pi$Ni nwwbnq| }j cnxb kj |`fk`h`lnk} bhhbl} jk ND hjqdn}`jk #Nz`z b} ni+ >007)+
Db}ninspi cn| abbk ni|j ljddbkmbm hjq ND `kjlrird wqjmrl}`jk #\bpdjrq >00=)+
=+<+ ]cb ln|b jh d`lqjwqjwnfn}`jk
D`lqjwqjwnfn}`jk `| n }blck`~rb vc`lc r|b| n|bw}`l }`||rb lri}rqb hjq }cb dri} wi`ln$
}`jk jh `dwjq}nk} lri}`xnq|+ @} cn| abljdb n hrkmndbk}ni wqnl}`lb hjq }cb ljddbql`ni
krq|bqp wqjwnfn}`jk jh dnkp e`km| jh wink}|+ ]cb r|b| nkm nmxnk}nfb| jh d`lqjwqjwnfn$
}`jk hjq ljddbql`ni krq|bq`b| lnk ab |rddnq`zbm n| hjiijv| #Cnq}dnkk b} ni+ >0075
Cjjebq b} ni+ >00=n5 Xb|}abqf nkm B|(}`k >00=)? #`) dn|| wqjwnfn}`jk jh |wbl`h l
lijkb| #bkm wj`k} jh aqbbm`kf wqjfqnddb|)5 #``) wqjmrl}`jk jh c`fc ~rni`}p rk`hjqd
wn}cjfbk$hqbb wink}| #hjq fbqdwin|d dn`k}bknklb nkm }qnk|kn}`jkni ljddbql ni m`|}q`ar$
}`jk)5 #```) lijkni wqjwnfn}`jk jh wnqbk}ni |}jle| hjq cpaq`m |bbm wqjmrl}`jk nkm #`x;
|rwwip }j pbnq$qjrkm krq|bqp wqjmrl}`jk+
Mb|w`}b dnkp |rllb||hri nwwi`ln}`jk| jh }c`| }blck`~rb }cbqb nqb |}`ii |bxbqni wqja$
ibd| i`d`}`kf `}| v`mb|wqbnm r|b+ ]cb }qnk|hbq jh `k x`}qj wink}ib}| }j bs x`}qj ljkm`}`jk|
`| jkb jh }cb dj|} lq`}`lni |}bw| jh }cb d`lqjwqjwnfn}`jk wqjlb||+ C`fc djq}ni`}p qn}b| nqb
qbljqmbm hjq lbq}n`k d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm wink} |wbl`b| rwjk }qnk|hbq }j bs x`}qj ljkm`}`jk|mrb }j }cb wink}ib} i`d`}n}`jk| `k qb|`|}`kf }cb }qnk|wink} |}qb||+ ]cb|b i`d`}n}`jk| `klirmb
n wjjqip mbxbijwbm lr}`lib kjk$hrkl}`jkni |}jdn}n n cb}bqj}qjwc`l cna`} nkm n vbne
qjj} |p|}bd #Xb|}abqf nkm B|}nrk >00=5 Bidb|enjr` b} ni+ >002)+ @k jqmbq }j `klqbn|b
fqjv}c nkm |rqx`xni qn}b| mrq`kf }cb vbnk`kf |}nfb qblbk} qb|bnqlc cn| hjlr|bm jk }cb
ljk}qji jh }cb bkx`qjkdbk}ni ljkm`}`jk| `k }cb wqjwnfn}`jk |p|}bd+
N| |}n}bm abhjqb cjq}`lri}rqni wink}| ljddjkip dri}`wi`bm ap d`lqjwqjwnfn}`jk
}blck`~rb| hqb~rbk}ip mbxbijw ND qbin}`jk|c`w| nkm bsc`a`} n c`fc mbfqbb jh mbwbk$
mbklb jk }c`| |pda`j|`| hjq kjqdni mbxbijwdbk} #Kbdbl >038)+ Cjvbxbq }cb dbm`n
r|bm kj} jkip hjq }cb `k x`}qj |}nfb| #jax`jr|ip |}bq`ib) ar} ni|j hjq }cb |ra|b~rbk}
wink}ib} fqjv}c `k wj}}`kf |ra|}qn}b| jq `k hrd`fn}bm krq|bqp abm| r|rniip inle NDwqjwnfrib|+ ]cbqbhjqb wink}ib}| |cjrim ab `kjlrin}bm bnqip `k }cb d`lqjwqjwnfn}`jk
wqjlb|| |j }cn} }cbp lnk nlc`bxb n |r`}naib fqjv}c #F`nk`knzz` b} ni+ >007n)+ ]cr|
qb|bnqlc `| ab`kf ljkmrl}bm vjqim$v`mb }j `k}bfqn}b aj}c a`j}blckjijf`lni nwwqjnlcb|?
dpljqqc`zni `kjlrin}`jk nkm d`lqjwqjwnfn}`jk qbfnqm`kf wink} |wbl`b| jh `k}bqb|} #Ijxn}j
b} ni+ >002 >0085 Xnqdn nkm \lci`bww >002)+
]cbqb nqb }cqbb |r`}naib |bbmi`kf |}nfb| hjq ND `kjlrin}`jk? #`) `k x`}qj mrq`kf }cb
qjj}`kf wcn|b5 #``) bs x`}qj `ddbm`n}bip nh}bq }cb qjj}`kf wcn|b n} }cb abf`kk`kf jh }cb
nlli`dn}`zn}`jk wbq`jm nkm #```; bs x`}qj nh}bq }cb nlli`dn}`zn}`jk wcn|b ar} abhjqb
|}nq}`kf }cb wj|}$nlli`dn}`zn}`jk wbq`jm rkmbq fqbbkcjr|b ljkm`}`jk| #Xb|}abqf nkm
B|}nh`k >00=)+N| qbfnqm| `k x`}qj dpljqqc`zni `kjlrin}`jk nkm ljk|`mbq`kf }cn} }cb qjj}`kf wcn|b
kjqdniip }neb| winlb `k nfnq$an|bm dbm`n `} `| `dwjq}nk} }j qbdbdabq }cn} |wjqb
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L+ N }b($Nfr`inq+ O+D+ Anqbn * \l`bk} `n Cjq} `lri} rqnb 83 #>006) >$1= >2
fbqd`kn}`jk nkm bnqip |}nfb| jh dplbi`ni fqjv}c jh NDH `k nsbk`l ljkm`}`jk| cnxb abbk
`k}bk|`xbip |}rm`bm #|bb Nzljk$Nfr`inq nkm Anqbn >002 hjq qbhbqbklb|)+ @} cn| abbk
|cjvk }cn}? #`) dj|} NDH |wjqb| qbnm`ip fbqd`kn}b jk dbm`n v`}c ijv kr}q`bk} ljk}bk}
nkm # `) c`fc kr}q`bk} ibxbi| cjvbxbq lnk `kc`a`} |wjqb fbqd`kn}`jk nkm fqjv}c+]cb ND |pda`j|`| cn| abbk |pk}cb|`zbm `k x`}qj ap r|`kf |bbmi`kf| nkm qjj} jqfnk
lri}rqb| #Dj||b nkm Cbwwbq >0625 ALlnqm nkm Hjq} k >0335 Bidb|enjr` b} ni+ >002)+
@k hnl} |rqhnlb |}bq`i`zbm |wjqb| nkm j}cbq ND wqjwnfrib| nqb naib }j mbxbijw dpljq$
qc`zni qbin}`jk|c`w| vcbk `kjlrin}bm mrq`kf }cb `k x`}qj wqjwnfn}`jk jh xnq`jr| cjq}`lri$
}rqni |wbl`b| #Lcnxbz nkm Hbqqbqn$Lbqqn}j >007) wnq}`lrinqip vjjmp wink}| #Wjk| b} ni+
>03<5 Qnxjink`q`kn b} ni+ >036)+ Cjvbxbq }c`| }blck`~rb wqb|bk}| n krdabq jh
m`hh`lri}`b| vc`lc nq`|b n| n qb|ri} jh#`) m`hhbqbklb| `k }cb qb~r`qbdbk}| jh }cb dbm`n hjq
aj}c qjj} `k`}`n}`jk nkm ND hjqdn}`jk5 #``) ij|| jh }cb qjj}| wqjmrlbm mrq`kf }cb `k x`}qj
|}nfb| nh}bq jr}wink}`kf #Qnxjink`q`kn b} ni+ >0365 \lcrabq} b} ni+ >007) nkm #`` ) djqb
ljdwibs nkm }`db$ljk|rd`kf dnk`wrin}`jk jh }cb dpljqqc`zni wqjwnfrib|+ @k |w`}b jh
}c`| Bidb|enjr` b} ni+ #>002) cnxb wqjwj|bm n db}cjm hjq mbxbijw`kf ND n||jl`n}`jk|
`k d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm wink}ib}| `k x`}qj+ ]c`| db}cjm `| an|bm jk n |p|}bd hjq lri}rq`kf }cb
NDH Fijdr| `k}qrqrm`lb| v`}c Q` ]$MKN$}qnk|hjqdbm lnqqj} qjj}| jq kjk}qnk|hjqdbm
}jdn}j qjj}|+ Nh}bq qjj} `kmrl}`jk d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm wink}ib}| vbqb fqjvk jk lbiirij|b
wirf| `k ljk}nl} v`}c }cb dpljqqc`zni qjj} jqfnk lri}rqb+ ]cbp vbqb }cbk winlbm `k
fqjv}c lcndabq| rkmbq nk n}dj|wcbqb bkq`lcbm v`}c 2777 w+w+d+ LJ nkm hbm v`}c n
d`k`dni dbm`rd+ Nh}bq 17 mnp| jh }q`wnq}`}b lri}rqb nii }cb wink}ib}| vbqb dpljqqc`zni+
@k ljk}qn|} }j }cb `k x`}qj `kjlrin}`jk `kjlrin}`jk n} }cb |}nfb `k vc`lc }cb nsbk`lniip
wqjwnfn}bm wink}ib}| nqb }qnk|wink}bm `k}j }cb wj}}`kf dbm`n nwwbnq| }j ab aj}c djqbhbn|`aib nkm wqjd`|`kf #Qnxjink`q`kn b} ni+ >030na5 \lcrabq} b} ni+ >007)+
Dpljqqc`zni `kjlrin}`jk bs x`}qj lnk ab wbqhjqdbm b`}cbq nh}bq }cb qjj}`kf wcn|b `k
x`}qj n} }cb xbqp abf`kk`kf jh }cb nlli`dn}`zn}`jk |}nfb jq nh}bq }cb nlli`dn}`zn}`jk
abhjqb }cb abf`kk`kf jh }cb cnqmbk`kf wcn|b rkmbq fqbbkcjr|b ljkm`}`jk|+ \bxbqni
|}rm`b| cnxb abbk wrai`|cbm mb|lq`a`kf bswbq`dbk}| jh }c`| e`km #|bb Xb|}abqf nkm
B|}nrk >00=)+ ]cb d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm lqjw wink}| `klirmb fqnwbx`kb| #Qnxjink`q`kn b} ni+
>030a5 \lcrabq} b} ni+ >0075 \lcbiibkanrd b} ni+ >00>) j`i wnid #Aini b} ni+ >007)
qn|wabqq`b| #Xnqdn nkm \lc``bww >00=)5 anknkn #On`zdb$Xbfn b} ni+ >00>5 On`zdb$Xbfn
nkm Nzljk >002) w`kbnwwib #On`zdb$Xbfn nkm Nzljk >00> >0025 Fr`iibd`k b} ni+
>001 >00=5 Xnqdn nkm \lc``bww >00=) |}qnvabqqp #K`bd` nkm Xb|}abqf >0015V`ii`nd| b} ni+ >0015 Xb|}abqf b} ni+ >00=) wbnq nkm wbnlc lijkni qjj}|}jle| #Qnw$
wnq`k` b} ni+ >00=) W`|}rl`r |w+ #\lcrabq} nkm Dnq}`kbii` >033) e`v`hqr`} #\lcrabq} b}
ni+ >001) nwwib wbnlc nkm wird qjj}|}jle| #\aqnkn b} ni+ >00=) Wqrkr| qjj}|}jle|
#B|}nrk b} ni+ >00=5 Abq}n b} ni+ >002) nxjlnmj #X`mni b} ni+ >0015 Nzljk$Nfr`inq b}
ni+ >001) lcbq`djpn #Nzljk$Nfr`inq b} ni+ >00=) ~r`klb qjj}|}jle| #Lnixb} b} ni+
>002) nwwib d`lqjlr}}`kf| #Aqnkznk}` b} ni+ >0015 Rj|ren`kbk nkm Xb|}abqf >00=)5
cjq}bk|`n #Xnqdn nkm \lc``bww >00=) b}l+
@k ljdwnq`kf }cb }`db jh `kjlrin}`jk b`}cbq n} }cb jk|b} jh }cb nlli`dn}`zn}`jk |}nfb
jq n} }cb abf`kk`kf jh }cb cnqmbk`kf wcn|b `} vn| hjrkm `k |jdb ln|b| }cn} ni}cjrfc }cb
|pda`j|`| ljrim ab b|}nai`|cbm n} aj}c |}nfb| n ab}}bq wink} qb|wjk|b vn| wqjmrlbm
vcbk `kjlrin} jk vn| lnqq`bm jr} n} }cb abf`kk`kf jh }cb cnqmbk`kf wcn|b #X`mni b} ni+
>0015 Nzljk$Nfr`inq b} ni+ >001)+ @k }c`| ljk}bs} n ebp n|wbl} `| }cn} dpljqqc`zni
5/13/2018 Applying Mycorrhiza Biotechnology to Horticulture- Significance and Pote...
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>8 L+ Nz lj‐k$N fr`inq O+D+ Anqbn * \l`bk}` n Cjq} `lri} rqnb 83 #>006) @$1=
ljijk`zn}`jk `| ekjvk }j }neb winlb jkip jk pjrkf |bljkmnqp qjj}| abhjqb |rabq`zn}`jk
#Anqbn >00>)+ \`klb }cb|b h`kb pjrkf qjj}| nqb |jdb}`db| wqjmrlbm in}bq mrq`kf }cb bs
x`}qj mbxbijwdbk} `kjlrin}`jk vjrim ab dbnk`kfib|| mrq`kf }cb bnqip nlli`dn}`zn}`jk
|}nfb| ar} nmx`|naib vcbk }qnk|hbqqbm }j jwbk wj}|+ ]c`| `| wqjanaip }cb ln|b najxbdbk}`jkbm hjq nxjlnmj nkm lcbq`djpn+
@kjlrin}`jk bs x`}qj `| jax`jr|ip bn|`bq }cnk `k x`}qj+ ]cbqbhjqb `} `| wqjanaip }cb
dj|} nwwqjwq`n}b db}cjm hjq ljddbql`ni krq|bq`b|+ M`hhbqbklb| `k qjj} fqjv}c nkm `k }cb
mbxbijwdbk} qn}b jh }cb }nqfb} wink}| nqb `dwjq}nk} hjq }cb lcj`lb jh }cb `kjlrin}`jk }`db+
N} nk bnqip bs x`}qj |}nfb wink}ib}| |}`ii wj||b|| n lbq}n`k mbfqbb jh cb}bqj}qjwcp nkm }cb
bhhbl}`xbkb|| jh ND `kjlrin}`jk `| mbwbkmbk} jk }cb mbxbijwdbk} jh nr}j}qjwcp+ ]cr|
nkm n| |}n}bm ap Xb|}abqf nkm B|}n}`k #>00=> nk `kjlrin}`jk wqj}jlji |cjrim ab mb|`fkbm
hjq bnlc ln|b+ Hjq |rlc wqj}jlji }cb hjiijv`kf xnq`naib| d`fc} ab ljk|`mbqbm? #`) qjj}
mbxbijwdbk} qn}b5 #``) ibkf}c jh }cb vbnk`kf nkm cnqmbk`kf wbq`jm| #cb}bqj$ }j nr}j}qj$
wcp lcnkfb) nkm #```) jaobl}`xb| jh }cb NDH `kjlrin}`jk #bkcnklbm fqjv}c `klqbn|bm
|rqx`xni ijvbq hbq}`i`zn}`jk `kwr}| `klqbn|bm qb|`|}nklb }j a`j}`l nkm na`j}`l |}qb||)+
]cb |bibl}`jk jh }cb q`fc} hrkfni wnq}kbq `| b||bk}`ni hjq nk bhh`l`bk} ND mbxbijwdbk}
`k d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm wink}| #Fr`iibd`k b} ni+ >0015 Xb|}abqf >0015 Ijxn}j b} ni+ >002)+
]cb `khirbklb jh }cb hrkfni |}qn`k jk |pda`j|`| bhh`l bklp ni|j xnq`b| v`}c }cb fqjv`kf
dbm`n nkm v`}c }cb hbq}`i`zn}`jk qbf`db+ @k }c`| ljk}bs} }cb |ra|}qn}b| hjq }cb d`lqjwqjw$
nfn}bm wink}| dr|} bk|rqb }cn} aj}c }cb mbxbijwdbk} jh }cb |pda`j|`| nkm wink}
wbqhjqdnklb dr|} ab `dwqjxbm+ ]cb |ra|}qn}b| ljddjkip r|bm nqb wbn} wbqi`}b nkm
xbqd`lri`}b #Xb|}abqf nkm B|}nrk >00=)+ Lnixb} b} ni+ #>001n) Lnixb} b} ni+ >001a)
hjrkm }cn} lbq}n`k }pwb| jh wbn} nkm ljdwj|}bm |ra|}qn}b| cnm n kbfn}`xb bhhbl} jk }cbb|}nai`|cdbk} jh }cb ND |pda`j|`| ni}cjrfc kb`}cbq |wjqb fbqd`kn}`jk kjq }cb bnqip
dplbi`ni fqjv}c vbqb nhhbl}bm+ Hrq}cbqdjqb wj}}`kf dbm`n dnp `klirmb |}bq`i`zbm |j`i n
|ra|}qn}b ljdwjkbk} }cn} r|rniip `dwqjxb| ND hjqdn}`jk `k d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm wink}|
#F`nk`knzz` b} ni+ >007n)+ X`mni b} ni+ #>001) qbljqmbm }cn} }cb |pda`j|`| ljrim ab
b|}nai`|cbm `k wbn}$|nkm d`sb| ni}cjrfc |j`i$|nkm d`sb| vbqb djqb ljkmrl} xb }j ND
ljijk`zn}`jk jh d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm nxjlnmj wink}|+ \lcrabq} b} ni+ #>007) ni|j hjrkm fjjm
ND b|}nai`|cdbk} `k d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm fqnwbx`kb fqjv`kf `k n wbn}$an|bm dbm`rd+
]cb ljk}qjiibm$qbibn|b hbq}`i`zbq| |rlc n| J|djlj}b nqb jh |wbl`ni `k}bqb|} hjq }cb
dpljqqc`zn}`jk jh d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm wink}| ablnr|b }cb NDH |bbd }j ljjwbqn}b vbii v`}c
}c`| }pwb jh ljk}qjiibm W$|rwwip`kf hbq}`i`zbq| #V`ii`nd| b} ni+ >001)+
=+=+ Dnknfbdbk} jh dpljqqc`zj|wcbqb `k}bqnl}`jk| `k cjq}`lri}rqb
N| |}n}bm `k \bl}`jk =+1 nkm qbljqmbm `k ]naib > lbq}n`k qc`zj|wcbqb*dpljqqc`zj
|wcbqb d`lqjjqfnk`|d| nqb naib }j `k}bqnl} v`}c NDH }j mbxbijw a`jijf`lni nl}`x`}`b| jh
fqbn} qbibxnklb }j wink} fqjv}c nkm cbni}c+ Bsndwib| jh d`lqjjqfnk`|d| vc`lc cnxb
abbk mb|lq`abm }j `k}bqnl} v`}c NDH vcbk `k}qjmrlbm n| d`sbm `kjlrink}| }j abkbh`}
cjq}`lri}rqni lqjw| nqb }cb hjiijv`kf? #`) Qc`zja`rd |ww+5 #``) Wink} fqjv}c wqjdj}`kf
qc`zjanl}bq`n nkm #```) A`jljk}qji nfbk}|+
N| qbfnqm| Qc`zja`rd }cbqb `| drlc `khjqdn}`jk }j |rwwjq} }cb abkbh`l`ni bhhbl}| jh`}| lj$`kjlrin}`jk v`}c |bibl}bm NDH jk ibfrd`kjr| cjq}`lri}rqni lqjw| #Anqbn b} ni+
>001) nkm kj hrq}cbq ljddbk}| v`ii ab dnmb cbqb+
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L+ Nzlak$Nfr`inq O+D+ Anqbn * \l`bk}`r Cjq}`lri}rqnb 83 #@ 006) @$1= >6
]cb n}}q`ar}b –qc`zjanl}bq`n‐ qbhbq| }j }cb na`i`}p jh |jdb |j`i anl}bq`n }j ljijk`zb
–nffqb||`xbip‐ }cb qjj}$|j`i `k}bqhnlb vcbqb }cbp b|}nai`|c nkm dn`k}n`k hjq n }`db n
ljk|`mbqnaib krdabq jh lbii|+ ]cb|b anl}bq`n vc`lc lnk wqjdj}b wink} fqjv}c ap dbnk|
jh |bxbqni dblcnk`|d| nqb kjv ljddjkip mb|`fkn}bm ap }cb nlqjkpd+WFWQ #Eijbwwbqb} ni+ >00>5 I`kmbqdnk >0015 Fi`le >002)+ ]cb fqjv}c wqjdj}`kf nl}`x`}p jh WFWQ `|
qbin}bm }j bhhbl}| jk |bbmi`kf bdbqfbklb qjj} hjqdn}`jk kr}q`bk} lpli`kf nkm kjmrin}`jk
wqjdj}`jk #Eijbwwbq b} ni+ >00>)+ Cjvbxbq jkb jh }cb dj|} qbdnqenaib bhhbl}| jh
WFWQ jk wink} fqjv}c mbq`xb| hqjd }cb`q na`i`}p n| a`jijf`lni ljk}qji nfbk}| hjq wink}
wn}cjfbk| #Eijbwwbq >001)+ Ljddbql`ni hjqdrin}`jk| an|bm jk WFWQ cnxb niqbnmp
bk}bqbm }cb dnqeb} #\lc`wwbq| b} ni+ >002)+
]cbqb `| bswbq`dbk}ni bx`mbklb }cn} |jdb WFWQ dn`kip W|brmjdjkn| |ww+ nkm
Anl`iir| |ww+ `k}bqnl} v`}c ND hrkf` mbxbijw`kf |pkbqf`|}`l nl}`x`}`b| vc`lc ibnm }j
`dwqjxbm wink} fqjv}c nkm kr}q`}`jk+ Ab|`mb| aj}c fqjrw| jh d`lqjjqfnk`|d| #}cb
|nwqjwcp}b| WFWQ nkm }cb |pda`jk}| NDH) nqb naib }j `k}bqnl} v`}c bnlc j}cbq
`dwqjx`kf }cb`q b|}nai`|cdbk} `k }cb qc`zj|wcbqb #N_($Nfr`inq nkm Anqbn >0015
I`kmbqdnk >001)+
]cb wqjwcpinl}`l na`i`}p m`|winpbm ap |jdb ND hrkf` ljrim ab bswij`}bm `k ljjwbqn$
}`jk v`}c j}cbq qc`zj|wcbqb d`lqjjqfnk`|d| vc`lc cnxb mbdjk|}qn}bm nk}nfjk`|}`l
na`i`}`b| nfn`k|} wn}cjfbk| nkm }cn} nqb ab`kf r|bm n| a`jijf`lni ljk}qji nfbk}| #I`kmbq$
dnk >00=)+ Ndjkf }cb d`lqjjqfnk`|d| ln}nijfrbm n| nk}nfjk`|}| }j hrkfni wn}cjfbk|
}cbqb nqb aj}c hrkf` |rlc n| ]q`lcjmbkkn |ww+ nkm Fi`jlnm`rd |ww+ nkm anl}bq`n
vc`lc nqb nl}rniip WFWQ i`eb W|brmjdjkn| |ww+ nkm Anl`iir| |ww+ #Eijbwwbq b} ni+
>00>5 I`kmbqdnk >00=)+ @} cn| abbk |cjvk }cn} d`lqja`ni nk}nfjk`|}| }jvnqm| hrkfniwn}cjfbk| mj kj} kblb||nq`ip cnxb }cb |ndb mb}q`dbk}ni bhhbl} nfn`k|} ND hrkf`+ \jdb
bsndwib| nqb nxn`inaib ljklbqk`kf cjq}`lri}rqni wink}|? Fijdr| % ]q`lcjmbqdn % v`i}
wn}cjfbk`l hrkf` #Lnixb} b} ni+ >007)5 Fijdr| % ]q`lcjmbkkn % Hr|nq`rd `k }jdn}j
#Mn}kjhh b} ni+ >002)5 Fijdr| % ]q`lcjmbqdn % Wp}c`rd `k dnq`fjim #Lnixb} b} ni+
>00<)+ ]cb `khjqdn}`jk qbin}bm }j }cb `k}bqnl}`jk| ab}vbbk a`jijf`lni ljk}qji nfbk}| nkm
|j`i hrkf` b`}cbq wn}cjfbk`l jq dpljqqc`zni `| |rddnq`zbm `k \lcbdb 1+ @} `| kj}bvjq$
}cp }cn} d`lqja`ni nk}nfjk`|}| jh hrkfni wn}cjfbk| lnk `dwqjxb ND hjqdn}`jk #Lnixb} b}
ni+ >001na5 I`kmbqdnk >00=5 X`mni b} ni+ >008)+ @} lnk }cbqbhjqb ab ljklirmbm }cn}
}cb nllrqn}b dnknfbdbk} jh }cb|b `k}bqnl}`jk| ap }n`ijq`kf nwwqjwq`n}b dpljqqc`zj$
|wcbqb |p|}bd| qbibxnk} }j wink} fqjv}c nkm cbni}c `k nk `k}bfqn}bm nwwqjnlc `| ndjkf}cb dn`k jaobl}`xb| jh n |r|}n`knaib cjq}`lri}rqb Gz(k$Nfr`inq nkm Anqbn >0015
I`kmbqdnk >0015 Anqbn nkm Obhhq`b| >002)+
=+2+ Wj}bk}`ni hjq }cb r|b jh dpljqqc`zn| `k ljddbql`ni cjq}`lri}rqni wqjmrl}`jk
N| |}n}bm abhjqb cjq}`lri}rqb `| jkb jh }cb }nqfb} |p|}bd| `k vc`lc ND a`j}blckjijfp
lnk bswqb|| `}| wj}bk}`ni+ ]c`| `| mrb }j }cb lcnqnl}bq`|}`l| jh }cb ljdwjkbk}| nkm }cb
wink} wqjmrl}`jk |}qn}bf`b| `k cjq}`lri}rqni wqnl}`lb| vc`lc dneb `} kblb||nqp nkm bn|p
}j `kjlrin}b wink}| v`}c NDH+ Ljk|`mbq`kf }cb c`fc wqjmrl}`jk lj|}| jh cjq}`lri}rqni nkm
jqkndbk}ni lqjw| `} |bbd| }cn} }cb nwwi`ln}`jk jh ND `kjlrin dnp qbwqb|bk} jkip n
|dnii ljk}q`ar}`jk }j }cb `kwr} lj|}| wnq}`lrinqip `h ND dnknfbdbk} `| n||jl`n}bm v`}c
j}cbq a`j}blckjijf`b| |rlc n| d`lqjwqjwnfn}`jk+ ]cr| }cb wqjmrl}`jk jh jqlcnqm nkm
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>3 L+ Nzlj‐k$Nfr`inq+ O+D+ Anqbn * \l`bk}`n Cjq}`lri}rqnb 83 #>006) i$1=
Hr|nq`rd
#Nk}nfjk`|d) Xbq}`l`ii`rd
H*9Bi
Qc`zjl}jk`n
Wp}c`rd
#Abkbh`}) YH@
\lcbdb 1+ M`hhbqbk}`ni bhhbl}| jh a`jijf`lni ljk}qji nfbk}| jk dpljqqc zni jq wn}cjfbk l hrkf`+
jqkndbk}ni lqjw| `| wqjanaip }cb nqbn `k vc`lc }cb nwwi`ln}`jk jh NDH n| a`jwqj}bl}jq|
a`j|}`drin}jq| jq a`jhb}`i`zbq| v`ii dj|} qbnm`ip abljdb n qbni`}p #Ijxn}j b} ni+ >002)+
@} cn| abljdb libnq }cn} NDH lnk ab `k}qjmrlbm v`}c`k ljddbql`ni wqjwnfn}`jk
|p|}bd| }j qbmrlb lcbd`lni `kwr}|+ ]j }c`| bkm }vj e`km| jh qb~r`qbdbk}| dr|} ab db}+
H`q|}ip }cbqb kbbm| }j ab n qbnm`ip nxn`inaib |rwwip jh `kjlrink}| nkm |bljkmip qb|bnqlc
`| kbbmbm }j n||rqb djqb wqbm`l}naib nkm ljk|`|}bk} qb|wjk|b| jh wink}ib}| #Cjjebq b} ni+
>00=n)+ Ljddbql`ni `kjlrink}| nqb kjv nxn`inaib #Drijkfjp b} ni+ >0015 \pix`n nkm
Onq|}hbq >00=) nkm }cb }blck`lni hbn|`a`i`}p }j nwwip }cb|b ljddbql`ni NDH `kjlrin hjqcjq}`lri}rqni lqjw| cn| abbk mbdjk|}qn}bm #Cjjebq b} ni+ >00=n5 Ijxn}j b} ni+ >002)+
Cjvbxbq n djqb `k$mbw}c bxnirn}`jk jh }cb nxn`inaib ljddbql`ni `kjlrin `| libnqip
kblb||nqp+ @} `| i`ebip }cn} `kjlrin}`jk v`}c NDH v`ii abljdb nk `k}bfqni wnq} jh dj|}
cjq}`lri}rqni |p|}bd| `k }cb hr}rqb+ ]cb`q nwwi`ln}`jk v`ii qb|ri} `k |nx`kf| `k }`db
bkbqfp nkm lcbd`lni `kwr}| nkm v`ii dneb cjq}`lri}rqni wqjmrl}`jk |p|}bd| kj} jkip
djqb bljkjd`lniip ljdwb}`}`xb ar} ni|j djqb |r|}n`knaib #Cjjebq b} ni+ >00=n)+
D`lqjwqjwnfn}`jk vc`lc `| nk bhhbl}`xb }jji hjq dri}`wip`kf nkp e`km jh cjq}`lri}rqni
wink} `| kjv qbljfk`zbm n| n x`naib }blck`~rb hjq ljddbql`ni wink} wqjmrl}`jk #Xn}$dn
nkm \lc``bww >002)+ @k Brqjwb nijkb >62 S ij8 wink}| vbqb wqjmrlbm ap d`lqjwqjwn$
fn}`jk mrq`kf >007 #J‐Q`jqmn`k >001)+ @k |jdb ln|b| }cb|b wink}| cnxb wqjaibd| n}lq`}`lni |}nfb| jh }cb d`lqjwqjwnfn}`jk wqjlb||+ \rlc wqjaibd| ljrim ab jxbqljdb ap
NDH `kjlrin}`jk n| cn| abbk mbdjk|}qn}bm `k |bxbqni bswbq`dbk}| #Xnqdn nkm \lc` bww
5/13/2018 Applying Mycorrhiza Biotechnology to Horticulture- Significance and Pote...
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L+ Nzll`k$Nfr`inq O+D+ Anqbr * \l`bk}`n Cjq}`lri}rqnb 83 #>006) i$1= >0
>00=5 Xb|}abqf nkm B|}n}ik >00=)+ Cjvbxbq }cbqb `| |}`ii n fnw `k }cb qb|bnqlc nkm
mbxbijwdbk} hqndbvjqe `k }c`| nqbn vc`lc ljklbqk| }blckjijfp }qnk|hbq+ Rkmjra}ip n|
|jjk n| }cb wj}bk}`ni jh ND `kjlrin}`jk cn| abbk libnqip mbdjk|}qn}bm }j }cb fqjvbq|
ljddbql`ni krq|bq`b| v`ii cnxb }j `klirmb }cb NDH `kjlrin}`jk n| n |}nkmnqm wqjlbmrqb`k }cb`q wqjmrl}`jk wqj}jlji| #Xb|}abqf nkm B|}nrk >00=)+
2+ Ljklir|`jk|
Nqar|lrinq dpljqqc`zni |pda`j|`| dr|} ab ljk|`mbqbm nk b||bk}`ni hnl}jq hjq wqjdj}$
`kf wink} cbni}c nkm wqjmrl}`x`}p+ ND a`j}blckjijfp `| hbn|`aib nkm qbvnqm`kf dn`kip
hjq lqjw| vc`lc `kxjixb n }qnk|wink} |}nfb n| `k cjq}`lri}rqni |p|}bd| vcbqb wink}| nqb
wqjmrlbm `k krq|bqp abm| ljk}n`kbq| jq ap }`||rb lri}rqb+ Dns`drd abkbh`}| v`ii jkipab ja}n`kbm hqjd `kjlrin}`jk v`}c bhh`l bk} NDH nkm n lnqbhri |bibl}`jk jh ljdwn}`aib
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5/13/2018 Applying Mycorrhiza Biotechnology to Horticulture- Significance and Pote...
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5/13/2018 Applying Mycorrhiza Biotechnology to Horticulture- Significance and Pote...
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5/13/2018 Applying Mycorrhiza Biotechnology to Horticulture- Significance and Pote...
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# Nknkn|LJ{J\R\I+) Dbqq+) `k }cb Lnknqp @|inkm|+ Hqr`}| =8? =6$27+
On`zdb$Xbfn D+L+ nkm Nzlak Q+ >002+ Qb|wjk|b jh |jdb }qjw`lni nkm |ra}qjw`lni lri}rqb| }j bkmjdpljq$
qc`zni hrkf + Dpljqqc`zn 2? 1><$1>6+
On`zdb$Xbfn D+L+ Fni(k \nrlb X+ nkm Lnadqn Lnaqbqn O+ >00 >+ Wqbi`d`knqp qb|ri}| jh XND bhbl}| jk
anknkn rkmbq h`bim ljkm`}`jk|+ Hqr`}| =8? >0$11+
Onq|}hbq N+F+ nkm \pix`n M+D+ >001+ @kjlrird wqjmrl}`jk nkm `kjlrin}`jk |}qn}bf`b| hjq xb|`lrinq$nqar|lrinq
dpljqqc zni hrkf`+ @k? A+ Db}`kf #Bm`}jq) \j`i D`lqja`ni Bljijfp5 Nwwi`ln}`jk| `k Nfq`lri}rqb nkm
Bkx`qjkdbk}ni Dnknfbdbk}+ Dnqlbi Mbeebq Kbv Pjqe ww+ <=0$<66+
Onq|}hbq N+F+ nkm \pix`n M+D+ >002+ Nbqjwjk l lri}rqb jh XND hrkf`+ @k? N+ Xn}$dn nkm A+ Cjle #Bm`}jq|)
Dpljqqc`zn \}qrl}rqb Hrkl}`jk Djiblrinq A jijfp nkm A`j}blckjijfp+ \wq`kfbq$Xbqinf Cb`mbiabqf ww+
21>$220+
Obh}``b| W+ nkm Mjmm O+L+ >00>+ ]cb r|b jh dpljqqc zni `kjlrink}| `k hjqb|}qp nkm nfq`lri}rqb+ @k? M+E+
Nqjqn A+ Qn` EF+ Drebqo` F+Q+ Ekrm|bk #Bm`}jq|) Cnkmajje jh Nwwi`bm Dpljijfp xji >+ \j`i nkmWink}|+ Dnqlbi Mbeebq Kbv Pjqe ww+ >22$>38+
Eijbwwbq O+V+ >001+ Wink} fqjv}c$wqjdj} kf qc`zjanl}bq`n n| a`jijf`lni ljk}qji nfbk}|+ @k? H+ Ain`kb nkm O+Oq+
Db}}`kf #Bm`}jq|) \j`i D`lqja`ni Bljijfp+ Nwwi`ln}`jk| `k Nfq`lri}rqb Hjqb|}qp nkm Bkx`qjkdbk}ni
Dnknfbdbk}+ Dnqlbi Mbeebq Kbv Pjqe ww+ 122$16=+
Eijbwwbq O+V+ _naij}jv`le Q+D+ ]`ww`kf B+D+ nkm I`h|c`}z Q+ >00>+ Wink} fqjv}c wqjdj}`jk dbm`n}bm
ap anl}bq`ni qc`zj|wcbd ljijk`zbq|+ @k? M+I+ Eb`|}bq nkm W+A+ Lqbfnk #Bm`}jq|) ]cb Qc`zj|wcbqb nkm Wink}
Fqjv}c+ Eirvbq Mjqmqblc} ww+ <>2$<18+
I`kmbkknk Q+F+ >001+ Xb|`lrinq$nqar|lrinq dpljqqc znb nkm |j`i d`lqja`ni `k}bqnl}`jk|+ @k? F+O+ Ab}cibkhni$
xnp nkm Q+F+ I`kmbqdnk #Bm`}jq|) Dpljqqc`znb `k \r|}n`knaib Nfq`lri}rqb+ N\N \wbl+ Wrai+ Dnm`|jk
V@ ww+ =2$67+
I`kmbqdnk Q+F+ >00=+ Qjib jh XND hrkf` `k a`jljk}qji+ @k? H+I+ Whibfbq nkm Q+F+ I`kmbqdnk #Bm`}jq|)
Dpljqqc`znb nkm Wink} Cbni}c+ NW\ Wqb|| \}+ Wnri ww+ i$18+
Ijxn}j W+B+ \lc`ibww C+ ]qjrxbij} N+ nkm F`nk`knzz` \+ >002+ Nwwi`ln}`jk jh nqar|lrinq dpljqqc`zni
hrkf` #NDH) `k jqlcnqm nkm jqkndbk}ni wink}|+ @k? N+ Xnqdn nkm A+ Cjle #Bm`}jq|) Dpljqqc`zn \}qrl}rqb
Hrkl}`jk Djiblrinq A`jijfp nkm A`j}blckjijfp+ \wq`kfbq Cb`mbiabqf ww+ 21>$220+
Ijxn}j W+B+ F`nk`knzz`$Wbnq|jk X+ ]qjrxbij} N+ nkm F`nk`knzz` \+ >008+ ]cb |}n}b jh nq} jh dpljqqc zn|
nkm d`lqjwqjwnfn}`jk+ Nmx+ Cjq}`l+ \l`+ >7? =8$21+
Dbkfb O+N+ Ibdaq`fc} C+ nkm Ojck|jk B+I+X+ >066+ R}`i`zn}`jk jh dpljqqc zni hrkf` `k l`}qr| krq|bq`b|+
Wqjl+ @k}+ \j}+ L`}q`l >? >10$><1+
D`iibq O+L+ Oq+ Qnozwne|b \+ nkm Fnqabq Q+E+ >038+ Xb|`lrinq nqar|lrinq dpljqqc znb `k xbfb}naib lqjw|+
Cjq}`l+ \l`+ 1>? 06=$03=+
Djq}jk O+A+ Hqnkeb D+ nkm Abk}`xbkfn \+W+ >002+ Mbxbijwdbk}ni hjrkmn}`jk| hjq djqwcjijf`lni m`xbq|`}p
ndjkf bkmjdpljqqc`zni hrkf` `k Fijdnib|+ @k? N+ Xnqdn nkm A+ Cjle #Bm`}jq|) Dpljqqc`zn \}qrl}rqb
Hrkl}`jk Djiblrinq A`jijfp nkm A`j}blckjijfp+ \wq`kfbq Cb`mbiabqf ww+ 880$83<+
Dj||b A+ nkm Cbwwbq L+ >062+ Xb|`lrinq$nqar|lrinq dpljqqc zni `khbl}`jk| `k qjj} jqfnk lri}rqb|+ Wcp|`ji+
Wink} Wn}cji+ 2? 1>2$11<+
Dj||b A+ \}q`aibp M+W+ nkm Ib ]nljk H+ >03>+ Bljijfp jh dpljqqc`znb nkm dpljqqc`zni hrkf`+ Nmx+
D`lqja+ Blji+ 2? ><6$1>7+
Drijkfjp E+ F`nk`knzz` \+ Qjfbq W+N+ nkm Mjddbqfrb| P+ >001+ A`jhbq}`i`|bq|? nfqjkjd`l nkm
bkx`qjkdbk}ni `dwnl}| nkm bljkjd`l|+ @k? B+ Mn \`ixn b} ni+ #Bm`}jq|) D`lqja`ni ]blckjijfp? Bljkjd`l
nkm \jl`ni N|wbl}|+ Lndaq`mfb Rk`xbq|`}p Wqb|| Lndaq`mfb ww+ 20$80+
Kbdbl \+ >038+ XN dpljqqc znb `k cjq}`lri}rqni |p|}bd|+ @k? F+Q+ \n}" #Bm`}jq) Bljwcp|`jijfp jh XN
Dpljqqc`zni Wink}|+ LQL Ajln Qn}jk HI ww+ >0<$1>>+
K`lji|jk ]+C+ >062+ Bxjir}`jk jh xb|`lrinq$nqar|lrinq dpljqqc zn|+ @k? H+B+ \nkmbq A+ Dj||b nkm W+A+
]`kebq #Bm`}jq|) Bkmjdpljqqc`zn|+ Nlnmbd`l Wqb|| Ijkmjk ww+ _$<=+K`bd` D+ nkm Xb|}abqf D+ >001+ @kjlrin}`jk jh ljddbql niip fqjvk |}qnvabqqp v`}c XN dpljqqc zni hrkf`+
Wink} \j`i >==? ><<$>=1+
J‐Q`jqmn`k K+H+ >001+ ]cb Brqjwbnk wink} }`||rb lri}rqb `kmr|}qp$>007+ Nfqjkjd`b >1? 6=<$6=8+
5/13/2018 Applying Mycorrhiza Biotechnology to Horticulture- Significance and Pote...
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/applying-mycorrhiza-biotechnology-to-horticulture-significance-
L+ N}($Nfr`inq O+D+ Arqbn * \l`bk}`n Cjq}`lri}rqnb 83 #>006) >$1= 1<
Wjk|+ H+ F`nk`knzz`$Wbnq|jk X+ F`nk`knzz` \+ nkm Knxn}bi O+L+ >03<+ \}rm`b| jh XN dpljqqc znb `k x`}qj?
dpljqqc`zni |pk}cb|`| jh nsbk`lniip wqjwnfn}bm v`im lcbqqp #Wqrkr| nr`rd I+) wink}|+ Wink} \j`i 6>?
1>6$11>+
Qnwwnq`k` H+ Anqnim` Q+ Abq}nzzn L+ Aqnkznk}` A+ nkm Wdm`bq` \+ >00=+ Xb|`lrinq$nqar|lrinq dpljqqc zni
`kjlrin}`jk jh d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm hqr`} }qbb|+ O+ Cjq}`l+ \l`+ 80? >>7>$ >>70+
Qnxjink`q`kn H+ F`nk`knzz`$Wbnq|jk X+ nkm F`nk`knzz` \+ >036+ Wqbi`d`knqp |}rm`b| `k `k x`}qj bkmjdpljq$
qc`zni `kjlrin}`jk jh d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm }qbb |wbl`b| jh kr}q`}`jkni xnirb+ @k? H+\+W+ Kf #Bm`}jq) ]qbb| nkm
Dpljqqc`zn+ Wqjl+ N|`nk \bd`knq @H\+ Hjqb|} Qb|+ @k|}+ Dninp|`n ww+ 0>$ >7 >+
Qnxjink`q`kn H+ Aini A+ F`nk`knzz` \+ nkm F`nk`knzz`$Wbnq|jk X+ >030n+ D`|b nr wj`k} m‐rkb db}cjm
qnw`mb m‐bkmjdpljqc`zn}`jk mb x`}qj$wink}|+ Hqr`}| ==? >82$ >67+
Qnxjink`q`kn H+ F`nk`knzz` \+ ]qjrxbij} N+ nkm Lnqqb D+ >030a+ Wqjmrl}`jk jh bkmjdpljqqc`zni bswink}|
jh d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm fqnwbx`kb qjj}$|}jle|+ Nfq`l+ Blj|p|}+ Bkx`qjk+ 10? <1<$<16+
Qj|bkmnci \+ Mjmm O+L+ nkm Vniebq L+ >00=+ ]nsjkjdp nkm wcpijfbkp jh }cb Fijdnib|+ @k? \+ F`nk`knzz`
nkm C+ \lcabww #Bm`}jq|) @dwnl} jh Nqar|lrinq Dpljqqc`zn| jk \r|}n`knaib Nfq`lri}rqb nkm Kn}rqni
Blj|p|}bd|+ NI\+ A`qec"+}|bq An|bi ww+ i$ >1+
\aqnkn L+ F`jxqrdb}}` D+ nkm X`}nfi`nkj L+ >00=+ ]cb bhhbl} jh dpljqqc zni `khbl}`jk jk |rqx`xni nkmfqjv}c qbkbvni jh d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm hqr`} qjj}|}jle|+ Dpljqqc`zn 2? >2<$ >28+
\lcbiibkanrd I+ Abq}n F+ Qnxjink`q`kn H+ ]`||bqnk} A+ F`nk`knzz` \+ nkm H`}}bq N+C+ >00>+ @khirbklb jh
bkmjdpljqqc`zni `khbl}`jk jk qjj} djqwcjijfp `k n d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm vjjmp wink} |wbl`b| #X`}`| r`k`hbqr
I+)+ Nd}+ Aj}+ 83? ><2$>=>+
\lc`wwbq| A+ \lcbhhbq Q+O+ Irf}bkabqf A+O+O+ nkm Vb`|abbe W+O+ >002+ A`jljn}`kf jh |bbm| v`}c wink}
fqjv}c wqjdj} kf qc`zjanl}bq`n }j `dwqjxb wink} b|}nai`|cdbk}+ Jr}ijje Nfq l+ 1=? >60$>32+
\lcrabq} N+ nkm Dnq}`kbii` N+ >033+ Bhhbl} jh xb|`lrinq$nqar|lrinq dpljqqc znb jk fqjv}c jh `k x`}qj
wqjwnfn}bm W`|}nl`n `k}bfbqq`dn+ Nl}n Cjq}`l+ ==>$==<+
\lcrabq} N+ Dnzz`}bii` D+ Nq`r||j 7+ nkm Bpknqm @+ >007+ Bhhbl}| jh xb|`lrinq$nqar|lrinq dpljqqc zni
hrkf` jk d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm fqnwbx`kb|+ @khirbklb jh bkmjwcp}b |}qn`k W hbq}`i`zn}`jk nkm fqjv}c dbm`rd+
X`}`| 10? 2$ ><+
\lcrabq} N+ Ajmq`kj L+ nkm Fq`anrmj @+ >001+ Xb|`lrinq$nqar|lrinq dpljqqc zni `kjlrin}`jk jh e`v`hqr`}
# Nl}`k`m`n mbi`l`j|n) d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm wink}|+ Nfqjkjd`b >1? 3=6$327+
\lciibww C+ nkm Ajmdbq D+ >00>+ Ljdwibs qb|wjk|b| jh XN$dpljqqc`znb }j sbkja`j}`l |ra|}nklb|+ ]js`lji+
Bkx`qjk+ Lcbd+ <7? >0<$>00+
\bpdjrq K+W+ >00=+ Wcp}j}js l`}p jh hj|b}pi Ni nkm wcj|wcjk`l nl`m }j dn`zb mrq`kf wqjmrl}`jk jh
xb|`lrinq$nqar|lrinq dpljqqc zni `kjlrird+ Wink} M`|+ 63? ==>$==8+
\`bxbqm`kf B+ >00>+ Xb|`lrinq$nqar|lrinq dpljqqc`zn dnknfbdbk} `k }qjw`lni nfqj|p|}bd|+ Mbr}|lcb F]_
FdaC B|lcajd <6> ww+
\`bxbqm`kf B+ nkm Anqbn O+D+ >00>+ Wbq|wbl}`xn| mb in `kjlr@nl`8k mb |`|}bdn| mb wqjmrll`8k xbfb}ni ljk
cjkfj| hjqdnmjqb| mb d`ljqq`zn| XN+ @k? O+ Ji`xnqb| nkm O+D+ Anqbn #Bm`}jq|) H`onl`8k p Djx`i`znl`8k
A`ji8f`ln mb Kr}q`bk}b|+ Ljibll`jk Krbxn| ]bkmbkl`n|+ Xji+ @@ L+\+@+L+ Dnmq`m ww+ 11>$1=2+
\d`}c \+B+ >037+ Dpljqqc`zn| jh nr}j}qjwc`l c`fcbq wink}|+ A`ji+ Qbx+ 22? =62$2>7+\d`}c \+B+ >002+ M`|ljxbq`b| m`|lr||`jk| nkm m`qbl}`jk| `k dpljqqc zni qb|bnqlc+ @k? N+ Xnqdn nkm A+ Cjle
#Bm`}jq|) Dpljqqc`zn \}qrl}rqb Hrkl}`jk Djiblrinq A`jijfp nkm A`j}blckjijfp+ \wq`kfbq$Xbqinf+ Cb`mbi$
abqf ww+ <$1=+
\d`}c \B+ nkm F`nk`knzz`$Wbnq|jk X+ >033+ Wcp|`jijf lni `k}bqnl}`jk| ab}vbbk |pda`jk}| `k xb|`lrinq$
nqar|lrinq dpljqqc zni wink}|+ Nkk+ Qbx+ Wink}+ Wcp|`ji+ Wink} Dji+ A`ji+ <0? 11>$1==+
\d`}c \+B+ nkm \d`}c H+N+ >007+ \}qrl}rqb nkm hrkl}`jk jh }cb `khbqhnlb| `k a`j}qjwc`l |pda`j|b| n| }cbp
qbin}b }j kr}q`bk} }qnk|wjq}+ Kbv Wcp}ji+ >>=? i$<3+
\d`}c \+B+ F`nk`knzz`$Wbnq|jk X+ Ej`mb Q+ nkm Ln`dbp O+V+F+ >00=+ Kr}q`bk} }qnk|wjq} `k dpljqqc zn|?
|}qrl}rqb wcp|`jijfp nkm ljk|b~rbklb| hjq bhh`l`bklp jh }cb |pda`j|`|+ @k? N+M+ Qja|jk I+E+ Naaj}} nkm
K+ Dninolzre #Bm`}jq|) Dnknfbdbk} jh Dpljqqc`zn| `k Nfq`lri}rqb Cjq}`lri}rqb nkm Hjqb|}qp+ Eirvbq
Mjqmdlc} ww+ >7<$i ><+
\}jz}ep F+ >061+ Nl}`x`}p bljijfp nkm wjwrin}`jk mpknd`l jh d`lqjjqfnk`|d| `k |j`i+ Lq`}+ Qbx+ D`lqja ni+1? 20$><6+
\pix`n M+D+ nkm Onq|}hbq F+O+ >001+ \cbnqbm$qjj} `kjlrin jh xb|`lrinq$nqar|lrinq dpljqqc zni hrkf`+ Nwwi+
Bkx`qjk+ D`lqja`ni+ 23? 110$1<1+
5/13/2018 Applying Mycorrhiza Biotechnology to Horticulture- Significance and Pote...
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/applying-mycorrhiza-biotechnology-to-horticulture-significance-
1= L+ Nql($Nfr`inq+ O+D+ Anqbn* \l`bk}`n Cjq}`lri}rqnb 83 #>006) i$1=
\pix`n M+D+ nkm Onq|}hbq F+O+ >00=+ Wqjmrl}`jk jh `kjlrird nkm `kjlrin}`jk v`}c nqar|lrinq dpljqqc`zni
hrkf`+ @k? N+M+ Qja|jk I+E+ Naaj}} nkm K+ Dninolzre #Bm`}jq|) Dnknfbdbk} jh Dpljqqc`zn| `k
Nfq`lri}rqb Cjq}`lri}rqb nkm Hjqb|}qp+ Eirvbq Mjqmqblc} ww+ 1< i$1<3+
]cjdw|jk O+W+ >00=+ Vcn} `| }cb wj}bk}`ni hjq dnknfbdbk} jh dpljqqc`zn| `k nfq`lri}rqb:+ @k? N+M+ Qja|jk
I+E+ Naaj}} nkm K+ Dninolzre #Bm`}jq|) Dnknfbdbk} jh Dpljqqc`zn| `k Nfq`lri}rqb Cjq}`lri}rqb nkm
Hjqb|}qp+ Eirvbq Mjqmqblc} ww+ >0>$177+
Rj|ren`kbk D+ nkm Xb|}abqf D+ >00=+ Bhhbl} jh `kjlrin}`jk v`}c nqar|lrinq dpljkc`zn| jk qjj}`kf
vbnk`kf nkm |ra|b~rbk} fqjv}c jh d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm Dnir| #I) Djbklc+ Nfq`l+ \l`+ Hdi+ <? 180$160+
xnk ]r`kbk M+ Mri`br C+ _zL N+ nkm F`nk`knzz`$Wbnq|jk X+ >00=+ A`jm`xbq|`}p nkm lcnqnl}bq`zn}`jk jh
nqar|lrinq dpljqqc`zni hrkf` n} }cb djiblrinq ibxbi+ @k? \+ F`nk`knzz` nkm C+ \lc``bww #Bm`}jq|) @dwnl} jh
Nqar|lrinq Dpljqqc`zn| jk \r|}n`knaib Nfq`lri}rqb nkm Kn}rqni Blj|p|}bd|+ NI\ A`q}`nr|bq An|b` ww+
><$1<+
Xnqdn N+ nkm \lc``bww C+ >00=+ @khbl}`x`}p nkm bhhbl}`xbkb|| jh F@jdr| `k}qnqnm`lb| jk d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm
wink}|+ Dpljqqc`zn 2? 10$<6+
Xnqdn N+ nkm \lcibww C+ >002+ Dpljqqc`zn}`jk jh }cb ljddbql`niip `dwjq}nk} d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm wink}|+
7"+ Qbx+ A`j}blc+ >2? <><$<13+Xb|}abqf D+ >001+ ]cb bhhbl} jh xb|`lrinq nqar|lrinq dpljqqc`zni `kjlrin}`jk jk }cb fqjv}c nkm qjj}
ljijk`zn}`jk jh }bk |}qnvabqqp lri}`xnq|+ Nfq`l+ \l`+ H`ki+ >? 216$2<2+
Xb|}abqf D+ nkm B|}n}`k X+ >00=+ D`lqjwqjwnfn}bm wink}| nk jwwjq}kk }p }j wj|`}`xbip dnknfb dpljqqc`zni
nl}`x`}`b|+ @k? \+ F`nk`knzz` nkm C+ \lcibww #Bm`}jq|) @dwnl} jh Nqar|lrinq Dpljqqc`zn| jk \r|}n`knaib
Nfq`lri}rqb nkm Kn}rqni Blj|p|}bd|+ A`qec(}|bq An|bi ww+ 1>6$118+
Xb|}abqf D+ Wnidroje` C+ Wnq`een W+ nkm Rj|ren`kbk D+ >00=+ Bhhbl}| jh nqar|lrinq dpljqqc`zn jk
lqjvk qj} #Wcpqjwcqcjqn lnlqjqrd) `k d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm |}qnvabqqp wink}|+ Nfq`l+ \l`+ Hdi+ <? 130$102+
X`mni D+]+ Nkmqnmb F+ Nzl(}$Nfr`inq L+ nkm Anqbn O+D+ >008+ Ljdwnqn}`xb bhhbl} jh W|brmjdjkn|
|}qn`k H >>< Ua`jljk}qji nfbk} #nk}`hrkfni)T nkm `}| `|jfbk l dr}nk} |}qn`k H>><811 U`dwn`qbm a`jljk}qji
na`i`}pT jk |wjqb fbqd`kn}`jk nkm dplbi`ni fqjv}c jh Fijdr| dj||bnb rkmbq djkjsbk`l ljkm`}`jk|+ @k? L+
Nzl8k$Nfr`inq nkm O+D+ Anqbn #Bm`}jq|) Dpljqqc`zn| `k @k}bfqn}bm \p|}bd|+ Hqjd Fbkb| }j Wink}
Mbxbijwdbk}+ LJ\] 31> Aqr|bin| ww+ 86<$868+X`mni+ D+]+ N_(k$Nfr`inq L+ Anqbn O+D+ nkm Wi`bfj$Nihnqj H+ >001+ Dpljqqc`zni `kjlrin}`jk bkcnklb|
fqjv}c nkm mbxbijwdbk} jh d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm wink}| jh nxjlnmj+ Cjq}\l`bklb 16? 632$636+
Vniebq L+ >001+ \p|}bdn}`l| nkm }nsjkjdp jh }cb nqar|lrinq bkmjdpljqqc zni hrkf` #Fijdnib|)$n wj||`aib
vnp hjqvnqm+ Nfqjkjd`b >1? 366$306+
Vniebq L+ >002+ ND jq XND? Vcn}‐| `k n vjqm: @k? N+ Xnkkn nkm A+ Cjle #Bm`}jq|) Dpljqqc`zn \}qrl}rqb
Hrkl}`jk Djiblrinq A`jijfp nkm A`j}blckjijfp+ \wq`kfbq$Xbqinf Cb`mbiabqf ww+ 12$18+
V`ii`nd| \+L+E+ Xb|}abqf D+ Rj|ren`kbk D+ Mjmm O+L+ nkm Obhhq`b| W+ >001+ Bhhbl}| jh hbq}`i`zbq| nkm
nqar|lrinq dpljqqc`zni hrkf` jk }cb wj|}$x`}qj fqjv}c jh d`lqjwqjwnfn}bm |}qnvabqqp+ Nfqjkjd`b >1?
32>$326+
Vjjm ]+ >00>+ XN dpljqqc`zni hrkf`? Lcniibkfb| hjq ljddbql`ni`zn}`jk+ @k? M+I+ Nqjqn Q+W+ Binkmbq nkm
E+F+ Drebqo` Gm`k( Hrkfni A`j}blckjijfp Cnkmajje jh Nwwi`bm Dpljijfp xji =+ Dnqlbi Mbeebq
Kbv Pjqe ww+ 31$3=6+
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