Animal Diversity
• Key features of animals
• Adaptations to land• Anatomical features
of the evolutionary tree
• Major animal phyla
Squid-- Invertebrate
Kingdom Animalia
Key Features of Animal
Hippotamus amphibius
• Multicellular• Heterotrophic• Sexual reproduction• Lack a cell wall• Motile (during some
part of their life cycle)• Respond to stimuli
rapidly
Phylogeny
Animal Diversity
• Arose in Pre-Cambrian era
• ~1 billion years ago• Fossils, 610-540
million years ago• Invertebrates• Major body plans
formed at Cambrian period
Major Body plans
• Tissues vs no tissues• Symmetry• Body cavity• Embryo development• Vertebrate
Symmetry
Body plans
Major Animal Phyla
Major Animal Phyla
• Phylum Porifera• Sponges• Lack tissues and
organs• Colony properties
Diversity of sponges
Cnidarians
• Jellyfish• Sea anemones• Corals• Two forms: polyps
and medusa• Radial symmetry• Two tissue layers• Nerve net
Cnidarian diversity
Platyhelminthes
• Flatworms• Bilateral symmetry• Cephalization (head)• Organs and tissues
Tapeworm
Nematoda
• Roundworms• False body cavity• Lack circulatory
system
Annelida
• Segmented worms• Hydrostatic skeleton• Closed circulatory
system• True body cavity
Earthworms
Mollusca
• Mantle: extension of the body wall
• Hemocoel• Open circulatory
system
Diversity of mollusks: gastropod, bivalve
Cephalopod Mollusks
Arthropods
• Largest group• Exoskeleton• Chitin• Molting• Compound eye • Flying invertebrates
exoskeleton
Diversity
Echinoderms
• Endoskeleton• Bilateral symmetry in larva
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