Ancient Rome
Social 9
Social Classes
Rich people – Patricians
Poor people - Plebians
Reflected in education, military service, careers, decorations, clothing
Social Classes….clothing
Simple Tunic – worn by people with active lives (slaves, children, workers)
Toga – a white robe worn by important men (6m long, wrapped around the body and over the shoulder. Quite heavy!)
Women – wore a long dress (stola) over an under-tunic. Girls wore white until they were married, after which they wore bright colors
PoliticalPolitical & Physical Geography
4th C – Rome most powerful Built garrison towns to protect borders,
located near Mountains or rivers Housing shortage in Rome – therefore they
used apartments! All cities had a ‘Forum’ –
gov’t buildings, shops, temples
Natural resources (lots of metals)
‘‘7 Hills’ 7 Hills’ Mountains Lots of Ports Air - polluted
Political & PhysicalPhysical Geography
NORTH AFRICA
SPAIN
BRITAIN
GERMANYFRANCE
ITALY
GREECE
TURKEY
EGYPT
Government
In the early days, Rome was ruled by kings (first king – Romulus)
When the Romans threw out the last king, they set up a REPUBLIC
Republic of Rome
When the republic was first set up, the people in charge were the 2 consuls
Consuls were elected by the senate to lead for a year Had control of the army, therefore deciding on war Decided how much tax to collect and the laws They both had to agree to make any changes – if
either of them ‘vetoed’ then nothing could be done
Republic of Rome
SenateWere made up of the wealthy families –
once you got into the senate, you stayed for life
Gave advice to the consuls
Republic of Rome
Assembly All those who had citizenship/free men Voted on whatever the consul asked (rich people
had more votes than poor)
Tribune These are the people who represented the
commoners (plebians) Elected by the assembly Could veto things that affected the poor (pretty
much everything)
Republic of Rome
“Rome’s Republic fell due to the popularity of Julius Caesar. Caesar won many battles as a leader in the Roman army, and was appointed as a consul in the Roman government. Caesar’s popularity eventually made him more powerful than the Roman Republic. Caesar was assassinated by Roman senators, beginning the age of the Roman Empire. Rome was now ruled by a single person, called a Caesar.”
Kirk Langer, http://sites.lps.org/wq11/stories/storyReader$7
Government
Imperial Rome – 27 BCE Emperor – first citizen, he
controlled army (Augustus was the first)
Senate – highest court, made laws, governed provinces (housed in the forum)
Council – senators elected, Emperor’s advisors
Citizens elected representatives
Economy (Business & Money)
Thousands of people worked in small farms, fishing, market, gardening, and wine
Rich in natural resources from all over the Empire (grain - Egypt, vine & olives - Mediterranean, gold & silver - Spain, timber, marble - Italy
Pottery, cloth, perfume, glass, mining Lots of trade High unemployment in cities Public welfare programs (schools, free grain,
etc.)
Military
Army life was tough, and discipline severeConscripts were required to supply their
own weaponsThe army was divided into groups
Legion - 5 500 men including mounted and foot soldiers
Cohort – 500 menCentury – 80 men
…& Now the Rest
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Education
Most children did not go to school – they learned a trade from their parent, and addition at the market
Boys might be trained to fight with swords or ride horses in preparation for joining the army.
Girls would be taught to run the home in preparation for marriage
Wealthy families provided private tutors for their children (Latin, Greek, arithmetic, history, poetry the sometimes instruments)
Entertainment
Music was important – played at banquets, weddings, funerals, theatre, home, between gladiator fights and other public events.
Theatre – Greek comedies and tragediesGames – board games, gambling, chess
etc.
Family
Family was very important, it included everyone in the household – father, wife, children, slaves and even close relatives
Childhood was short – a girl would be betrothed by age 12 and a boy by 14. Marriage took place a few years later.
Religion
Believed in many different gods and goddesses
Some were the same as ancient Greece but with different names
Temples were built, festivals thrown and sacrifices made in honor of them
Religion
Roman Gods/Goddesses Jupiter – most powerful, sky
god Venus – goddess of love Mars – god of war Pluto – god of the underworld Mercury – messenger god Neptune – god of the sea
Juno – married to Jupiter Minerva – goddess of wisdom
Greek Gods/Goddesses Zeus – most powerful, sky
god Aphrodite – goddess of love Ares – god of war Hades – god of the underworld Hermes – messenger god Poseidon – god of the sea Hera – married to Zeus Athena – goddess of wisdom
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