A N AT O M Y & P H Y S I O LO GY
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• functions to produce human offspring with the
- male providing sperm (produced within testes)
- female providing the ovum (produced within ovaries)
IMPORTANT TERMS
Mitosis part of cell cycle which leads to two identical cells with same number of chromosomes in each
Meiosis specialized cell division which reduces the chromosome number in half
Reproductive cells gametes
MEIOSIS
• Only occurs in the testes of males during sperm production
• Only occurs in ovaries of female during egg production
• cells go from 46 chromosomes (diploid) 23 chromosomes (haploid)
MEIOSIS IN ADULTS
• Fertilization= fusion of gametes
• Zygote= sperm+ egg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BFrVmDgh4v4https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXsCngh89fI
THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Primary Sex Organs• Testis (held within the scrotum)
Produce the sperm
Produce male sex hormones (androgens)
Lie outside of male abdominal cavity
Testis divided into lobules; each lobule contains seminiferous tubules
SPERMATOGENESIS
THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM-ACCESSORY ORGANS
• Epididymus -ducts where sperm mature and some sperm stored• Vas deferens – (contained within spermatic cord); transport
and store sperm• Seminal vesicles – contribute nutrients and fluid to
semen; produce prostaglandins and fructose• Ejaculatory duct –transport sperm• Prostate gland – contributes basic fluid to semen • Urethra –transport sperm• Bulbourethral glands – produce mucoid fluid that
neutralizes urine
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=icSZrxu0hDI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N66sAZH1VA8
MALE ACCESSORY SEX ORGANS
ANATOMY OF A SPERM
MORE ABOUT SPERM- Takes 74 days or about
10 weeks for sperm to be produced and fully mature for ejaculation
- Sperm mature in epididymus
- Sperm can be stored in male body for approximately 3 weeks after they are matured
VASECTOMY• Surgical procedure for male
sterilization
• Vas deferens are cut and sealed/tied off to prevent sperm from traveling which eventually prevents fertilization
• ~30 minute procedure
• Vasectomy is different than castration (where testicles are removed)
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
THE EGG- During fetal
development-6 million to 7 million eggs.
- At birth, there are approximately 1 million eggs
- by puberty, only about 300,000 remain. -only 300 to 400 will be ovulated during a woman's reproductive lifetime.
THE EGG- Egg matures due to
LH (Luteinizing Hormone) surge from increased Estrogen
- Day 14 of cycle is when ovulation occurs
- Ovulation is when egg is released from ovary
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM• Corpus luteum produces
progesterone and helps thicken lining of uterus for implantation
• Corpus luteum survives 12-14 days unless begins receiving HcG from developing embryo
• If egg not fertilized, then corpus luteum dies off
• Corpus luteum deficiency corpus luteum doesn’t develop enough progesterone which leads to
WHEN THE SPERM MEETS THE EGG1. Sperm approaches egg2. Sperm acrosomal
enzymes digest the eggs jelly coat
3. Proteins in sperm bind with receptors of egg
4. Plasma membranes fuse5. Sperm nucleus enters
eggs cytoplasm6. Fertilization membrane
forms7. Nuclei fuse
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7G2rL5Cutd4https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=_5OvgQW6FG4
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM• Fertilization takes place in
fallopian tubes
• Uterus houses developing fetus
• Cervix contains the opening to the uterus
• Vagina serves as birth canal; exit for menstrual flow; receives penis during sexual intercourse
D I S S E C T I O N N O T E S
IN THE LAB
Adapted from Whitman College
IN THE LAB DISSECTION OF FETAL PIG
MORE ANATOMICAL LOCATION
DETERMINING THE SEX OF YOUR PIG
Male Female
In males urogenital tract opens near umbilical region
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