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SEMINAR

BY-M R ANAND SAGAR


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WHYNEED FOR NEW ECO

FRIENDLY SOURCE OFENERGY

HARVESTING


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CURRENT PROBLEMmore than 90% ofgreenhouse gas emissions come from thecombustion of fossil fuels.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas


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FUTURE PROBLEMThe American Petroleum Institute estimated in 1999 that theworld's oil supply would be depleted between 2062 and 2094

by 2005 that proportion had

dropped to about 8%


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SOME ECO FRIENDLY SOURCE OF

ENERGY ARE :GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

WIND ENERGY

TIDAL ENENGY

NUCLEAR ENENGY


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Space-basedsolar power


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CONCEPTTo generate power in space for use on Earth


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INDRODUCTION

It is putting the solar panels in spacewhere the sun is always shining. Solar cells will

convert solar energy into electrical energy.

The power would then be beamed to Earth in

the form of some sort of electromagnetic

waves, likely lasers or microwaves, to a

ground-based station that could then deliver

power to customers over existing transmission

lines


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PRIMARY REQUIREMENTS

Financial

Public Acceptance

Microwave Receiving Antenna Facilities

Potential of Laser for SBSP Power Transmission

Mapping of Exclusion Areas

Public Outreach Experiment

Power Transmission and Reception

Space Transportation


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WORKING

Converting solar energy into electro magnetic

waves

Beaming electro magnetic waves towards therectenna

Converting electro magnetic waves intoelectric energy

Transmitting electric energy to the consumers


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SYSTEM CONVERTING SOLAR ENERGY INTO

ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND AGAIN CONVERTING TO

EM WAVES


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BEAMING OF E-M WAVES

EM WAVES REACHING THE RECEIVER


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EM WAVES REACHING THE RECEIVER

SIDE


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RECTENNA RECEIVING THE EM WAVES


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EM WAVES CONVERTED BACK INTO

ELECTRICAL ENERGY


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ELECTRICAL ENERGY SEND TO THE

CONSUMERS


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WHY TO PUT SOLAR

CELLS IN SPACEWHY NOT ON THE

SURFACE OF EARTH


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SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF ENERGY

REFLECTED BACK INTO SPACE

Approximately 30 percent

of SOLAR ENERGY isreflected directly back by

the atmosphere and by

clouds


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SOLAR ENERGY EVEN AT NIGHT

MULTIPLE

REFLECTORS CAN

BE USED TO SEND

LIGHT TO DARKPLACES

&

ELECTROMAGNETI

C WAVES CAN BETRANSMITTED ANY

WHERE AT ANY

TIME


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SPACE-BASED SOLAR POWERESSENTIALLY CONSISTS OF

THREE PARTS:

a means of collecting solar power in space,

a means of transmitting power to earth

a means of receiving power on earth


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A MEANS OF COLLECTING

SOLAR POWER IN SPACESOLAR CELLS

Extremely high efficiency solar

cells are essential

Now a days triple junction gallium

arsenide on germanium cells are

used in satellites .

Its efficiency is 40.4%

Normal solar cells capable of

generating 1W Costs around 3-4 $

A MEANS OF TRANSMITTING POWER


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A MEANS OF TRANSMITTING POWER

TO EARTH

MICROWAVE POWER

TRANSMITERS OR CAVITY

MAGNETRON IS USED TOTRANSMIT ELECTRICAL

ENERGY

OVER LONG DISTANCES

WIRELESSLY WITH ANEFFICIENCY OF ABOUT 65 %

A MEANS OF RECEIVING


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A MEANS OF RECEIVING

POWER ON EARTH

RECTENNA IS THE DEVICE WHICH

IS USED IN CONVERTING THE

IN COMING MICROWAVES INTO

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

IN LABORATORY ENVIRONMENTS,EFFICIENCIES OF 90% HAVE BEEN

OBSERVED


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WHERE TOINSTALLTRANSMITTERS


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LOCATIONS OF TRANSMITTERS

Geostationary orbit

Low Earth orbit

Moon


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GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT

Geosynchronous orbit is directly

above the Earth's equator with a

period equal to the Earth's

rotational period hence

transmitter and receiver willalways be in a straight line


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MOONThe main reason for locating the solarpower collector on the moon is that

most of its mass could be constructed

out of locally available lunar materials

significantly reducing the amount of

mass and therefore the launch costs


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WHERE TOLOCATERECEIVERON EARTH


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RECTENNAS WOULD BE

MANY KILOMETERS ACROSS

ARABLE LAND OR NON ARABLE

LAND CAN BE USED


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ADVANTAGESstandard extraterrestrial level of solar irradiance is1367 W/m2 which is 144% more than that of terrestrial

solar irradiance

satellite-based solar panel can collect power 24 hoursper day, whereas a terrestrial station can collect for at

most 12 hours per day, if weather permits

Unlike oil, gas, ethanol, and coal plants, space solar

power does not emit greenhouse gases
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terrestrialhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/terrestrial


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DISADVANTAGES

HIGH INITIAL COST

A 4 GW power station would weigh around 4000 metric tonnes.

For launching this 150 heavy lift launch vehicles are needed

Estimated serial launch cost for shuttle-based

HLLVs of $500 million to $800 million

Alternative HLLVs at $78 million, total launch costs would

range between $11 billion (low cost HLLV, low weight panels)

and $320 billion ('expensive' HLLV, heavier panels,)


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

When hot rocket exhaust reacts with

atmospheric nitrogen, it can form

nitrogen compoundsThese nitrogen compounds are

problematic when they form in the

stratosphere, as they can damage theozone layer

S


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SAFETYThe transmitting waves should not be so intense as

to injure birds

Locating rectenna near to sea shore will present

serious problems like corrosion of structure,

mechanical stress

Exposure to the beam can be minimized in two ways

On the ground physical access is controllable byfencing

Protective metal shell can be used to cover planes

flying through the beam


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CONCLUSION

THIS TECHNOLOGY IS HIGHLY

EFFICIENT AND CAN GIVEENERGY FREE OF COST IN

LATER STAGE.


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THANKS

TO

Mr. BULBULE

DISCOVERY CHANNEL

ENCARTA

WIKIPEDIA