Group of teachers and PhD Students who teach Research Methods in Education using ICT and study them.At this moment, we have different research projects related to ICT integration in Higher Education and lower educational levels.
ANALYSIS OF ICT USE BY PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
SCHOOL TEACHERS.
I. GASTALDO, G. ALMERICH, I. DÍAZ, R. BOEducational Technology Unit (UTE)
University of Valencia.Spain. E-mail: [email protected]
http://ute.uv.es/ute
Presentation
Our research has as objectives: analysis of ICT use by Primary and Secondary School teachers :
personal-professional use use in classroom
Besides we study the influence of the following variables in the ICT use:
to have computer at home with or without Internet availability of computer classroom in the school timetable in
the educational institution.
• gender• Access variables:
Method
Survey design whose population is made up of teachers from Primary and Secondary educational institutions in the Comunidad Valenciana, both public as private ones.
The sample was extracted by means of a random sampling stratified depending on educational level and county.
The primary unit of sampling is the type of educational institution and the secondary unit is the teachers who answered the questionnaire.
Method
Statistical analysis:
Descriptive T test
Time period: The results were collected in two phases:
April-July of 2003 September-November of 2003.
Sample
868 teachers from 87 educational institutions, with 41 years old on average and 15,5 years old of professional experience on average.
Gender Educational level
male female primary secondary
compulsory secondary non-
compulsory % 46.2 53.8 39.0 38.7 22,4
The sample was stratified proportionally by educational level and gender.
Instrument
Questionnaire (online or paper), designed ad hoc with 9 sections:
teachers´ characteristics accessibility to computer
equipment knowledge integration of ICT Use of ICT
attitudes towards ICT obstacles training needs in
technological resources and integration of ICT.
Personal-professional use
Use in the classroom with students
Instrument This section of the questionnaire, ICT use, consists of 13
items for both dimensions, which refer to: languages and author systems Internet as information resource Internet as communication tool initial design of Web pages Advanced design of Web pages specific applications or resources (the
analysis of this item is not included in this study)
All these items were rated on to five point Likert scale, ranging as
nothing, a little, regular, quite a lot, a lot.
Word processor spreadsheet Databases multimedia presentations documentary bases audiovisual means educational software
Results Three aspects:
ICT use and educational level ICT use and gender ICT use and access variables:
to have computer at home with or without Internet (private access) availability of computer classroom in the school timetable in the
educational institution (public access)
Remember! ICT use in two modalitie
s:
personal-professional & in the
classroom
Results ICT USE & EDUCATIONAL LEVEL:
Pointing use of :word processor Internet
Patterns are the same for the three educational levels
information resource
communication tool.
1
2
3
4
5
Word
pro
cess
or
Sprea
dshee
t
Datab
ases
Mul
timedia
pre
sent
atio
ns
Docum
enta
ry b
ases
Audiov
isual
mea
ns
Educa
tiona
l sof
twar
e
Lang
uage
s & a
utho
r sys
tem
s
Inte
rnet
-info
rm.
Inte
rnet
-com
unic.
Initia
l des
ign o
f Web
pag
es
Advan
ced
desig
n of
Web
pag
es
Primary Compulsory Secondary Non-compulsory Secondary
Scale: 1(nothing), 2 (a little), 3 (regular), 4 (quite a lot), 5 (a lot).
Personal-professional use
Word processor
Authorship
AudiovisualEd. software
SpreadsheetWeb design
Internet
Results ICT USE & EDUCATIONAL LEVEL:
Regarding use in the classroom, the pattern is again the same in the three educational levels
Pointing use to a large extent of: audiovisual means educational software word processor Internet as an information tool.
1
2
3
4
5
Word
pro
cess
or
Sprea
dshee
t
Datab
ases
Mul
timedia
pre
sent
atio
ns
Docum
enta
ry b
ases
Audiov
isual
mea
ns
Educa
tiona
l sof
twar
e
Lang
uage
s & a
utho
r sys
tem
s
Inte
rnet
-info
rm.
Inte
rnet
-com
unic.
Initia
l des
ign o
f Web
pag
es
Advan
ced
desig
n of
Web
pag
es
Primary Compulsory Secondary Non-compulsory Secondary
Use in the classroom with
students
Scale: 1(nothing), 2 (a little), 3 (regular), 4 (quite a lot), 5 (a lot).
AudiovisualWord processor Internet
Educational software
Results ICT USE & EDUCATIONAL LEVEL:
Compulsory and non-compulsory Secondary School teachers have a higher level of use compared to Primary School teachers
Finally differences between Primary and the other levels are higher in personal-professional use than use with students seeing as this type of use is very low.
Differences are significant in Primary School compared to the other two levels, but there are not any significant differences between compulsory and non-compulsory Secondary School, in both modalities of use.
Exception: educational software with students
In both modalities of use
Results
1
2
3
4
5
Word
pro
cess
or
Sprea
dshee
t
Datab
ases
Mul
timedia
pre
sent
atio
ns
Docum
enta
ry b
ases
Audiov
isual
mea
ns
Educa
tiona
l sof
twar
e
Lang
uage
s & a
utho
r sys
tem
s
Inte
rnet
-info
rm.
Inte
rnet
-com
unic.
Initia
l des
ign o
f Web
pag
es
Advan
ced
desig
n of
Web
pag
es
Men Women
ICT USE & GENDER: Men use more ICT than women
Significant differences in all cases but these differences are smaller in the use in the classroom with students
In both modalities of use
1
2
3
4
5
Word
pro
cess
or
Sprea
dshee
t
Datab
ases
Mul
timedia
pre
sent
atio
ns
Docum
enta
ry b
ases
Audiov
isual
mea
ns
Educa
tiona
l sof
twar
e
Lang
uage
s & a
utho
r sys
tem
s
Inte
rnet
-info
rm.
Inte
rnet
-com
unic.
Initia
l des
ign o
f Web
pag
es
Advan
ced
desig
n of
Web
pag
es
Men Women
The pattern is the same that we explained before.
Personal-professional
use Use in the classroom with
students
Scale: 1(nothing), 2 (a little), 3 (regular), 4 (quite a lot), 5 (a lot).
Results ICT USE & ACCESS VARIABLES:
Teachers with PC & Internet at home note a higher level of personal-professional use of ICT than teachers who only have PC.
Private access
Scale: 1(nothing), 2 (a little), 3 (regular), 4 (quite a lot), 5 (a lot).
1
2
3
4
5
Word
pro
cess
or
Sprea
dshee
t
Datab
ases
Mul
timedia
pre
sent
atio
ns
Docum
enta
ry b
ases
Audiov
isual
mea
ns
Educa
tiona
l sof
twar
e
Lang
uage
s & a
utho
r sys
tem
s
Inte
rnet
-info
rm.
Inte
rnet
-com
unic.
Initia
l des
ign o
f Web
pag
es
Advan
ced
desig
n of
Web
pag
es
With PC with Internet Without PC with Internet
Personal-professional use
1
2
3
4
5
Word
pro
cess
or
Sprea
dshee
t
Datab
ases
Mul
timedia
pre
sent
atio
ns
Docum
enta
ry b
ases
Audiov
isual
mea
ns
Educa
tiona
l sof
twar
e
Lang
uage
s & a
utho
r sys
tem
s
Inte
rnet
-info
rm.
Inte
rnet
-com
unic.
Initia
l des
ign o
f Web
pag
es
Advan
ced
desig
n of
Web
pag
es
With PC Without PC
Personal-professional use
Results
1
2
3
4
5
Word
pro
cess
or
Sprea
dshee
t
Datab
ases
Mul
timedia
pre
sent
atio
ns
Docum
enta
ry b
ases
Audiov
isual
mea
ns
Educa
tiona
l sof
twar
e
Lang
uage
s & a
utho
r sys
tem
s
Inte
rnet
-info
rm.
Inte
rnet
-com
unic.
Initia
l des
ign o
f Web
pag
es
Advan
ced
desig
n of
Web
pag
es
With PC with Internet Without PC with Internet
ICT USE & ACCESS VARIABLES: The same situation in the case of use with students. With PC the level of use is higher and better if there is Internet.
Private access
Scale: 1(nothing), 2 (a little), 3 (regular), 4 (quite a lot), 5 (a lot).
1
2
3
4
5
Word
pro
cess
or
Sprea
dshee
t
Datab
ases
Mul
timedia
pre
sent
atio
ns
Docum
enta
ry b
ases
Audiov
isual
mea
ns
Educa
tiona
l sof
twar
e
Lang
uage
s & a
utho
r sys
tem
s
Inte
rnet
-info
rm.
Inte
rnet
-com
unic.
Initia
l des
ign o
f Web
pag
es
Advan
ced
desig
n of
Web
pag
es
With PC Without PC
In any case, this type of use is lower than personal-professional one
Use in the classroom with
students
Use in the classroom with
students
Results
1
2
3
4
5
Word
pro
cess
or
Sprea
dshee
t
Datab
ases
Mul
timedia
pre
sent
atio
ns
Docum
enta
ry b
ases
Audiov
isual
mea
ns
Educa
tiona
l sof
twar
e
Lang
uage
s & a
utho
r sys
tem
s
Inte
rnet
-info
rm.
Inte
rnet
-com
unic.
Initia
l des
ign o
f Web
pag
es
Advan
ced
desig
n of
Web
pag
es
Availability PC classroom Non-availability PC classroom
ICT USE & ACCESS VARIABLES: Availability of PC classroom becomes an important factor for a higher level of use of ICT. Although with students this high level means only “little” use.
Public access
Scale: 1(nothing), 2 (a little), 3 (regular), 4 (quite a lot), 5 (a lot).
1
2
3
4
5
Word
pro
cess
or
Sprea
dshee
t
Datab
ases
Mul
timedia
pre
sent
atio
ns
Docum
enta
ry b
ases
Audiov
isual
mea
ns
Educa
tiona
l sof
twar
e
Lang
uage
s & a
utho
r sys
tem
s
Inte
rnet
-info
rm.
Inte
rnet
-com
unic.
Initia
l des
ign o
f Web
pag
es
Advan
ced
desig
n of
Web
pag
es
Availability PC classroom Non-availability PC classroom
Personal-professional use
Use in the classroom with
students
Conclusions
From the results, it has been proved that ICT use in both modalities is influenced by different factors:
Men show a higher level of ICT useSecondary School Teachers use ICT more than Primary
More use of ICT if PC at home and at school
Personal: gender Context: Educational level
Access to PC at home and school
A higher level of ICT use for personal-professional factors than for using ICT with students in the classroom
Conclusions
These factors
ENABLERSOBSTACLES
become
Finally, we must consider these factors in the ICT integration process in the classroom and in several educational contexts (educational system, politics, institutions, teachers, etc.) in order to get that they BECOME ENABLERS of the ICT integration and not obstacles.
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