PROTISTA
Analogy:Kitchen junk drawer
Animal-like
Plant-like
In General• Mostly aquatic life• Usually unicellular
– Eukaryotic
• Reproduction: – Some asexual, some sexual,
some both
• Feeding:– Most heterotrophic, some
autotrophic
• Kingdom for life that doesn’t fit in animals, plant or fungi kingdom
• 3 main categories
Fungi-like
• AKA: Protozoans• Heterotrophic: pathogens,
parasites, predators • Classified by how they
move:1) Pseudopods : move w/
pseudopodia (false- feet)– Engulf by phagocytosis– Ex: Amoebas
Animal-Like Protista
• AKA: Protozoans• Heterotrophic: pathogens,
parasites, predators • Classified by how they
move:1) Pseudopods : move w/
pseudopodia (false- feet)– Engulf by phagocytosis– Ex: Amoebas
Animal-Like Protista
• AKA: Protozoans• Heterotrophic: pathogens,
parasites, predators • Classified by how they
move:1) Pseudopods : move w/
pseudopodia (false- feet)– Engulf by phagocytosis– Ex: Amoebas
2) Flagellates: move w/ flagella– Ex: Trypanosoma causes
sleeping sickness
Animal-Like Protista
Vector: tsetse fly
Trypanosoma
Giardia causes diarrhea
• AKA: Protozoans• Heterotrophic: pathogens,
parasites, predators • Classified by how they
move:1) Pseudopods : move w/
pseudopodia (false- feet)– Engulf by phagocytosis– Ex: Amoebas
2) Flagellates: move w/ flagella– Ex: Trypanosoma causes
sleeping sickness
Animal-Like Protista
• AKA: Protozoans• Heterotrophic: pathogens,
parasites, predators • Classified by how they
move:1) Pseudopods : move w/
pseudopodia (false- feet)– Engulf by phagocytosis– Ex: Amoebas
2) Flagellates: move w/ flagella– Ex: Trypanosoma causes
sleeping sickness3) Ciliates: move w/ cilia
– Ex: Paramecia
Animal-Like Protista
• AKA: Protozoans• Heterotrophic: pathogens,
parasites, predators • Classified by how they
move:1) Pseudopods : move w/
pseudopodia (false- feet)– Engulf by phagocytosis– Ex: Amoebas
2) Flagellates: move w/ flagella– Ex: Trypanosoma causes
sleeping sickness3) Ciliates: move w/ cilia
– Ex: Paramecia
Animal-Like Protista
Rotifers beat their cilia to create a current to draw water into their “mouths”
• AKA: Protozoans• Heterotrophic: pathogens,
parasites, predators • Classified by how they
move:1) Pseudopods : move w/
pseudopodia (false- feet)– Engulf by phagocytosis– Ex: Amoebas
2) Flagellates: move w/ flagella– Ex: Trypanosoma causes
sleeping sickness3) Ciliates: move w/ cilia
– Ex: Paramecia
Animal-Like Protista
Amoeba (pseudopod) eating Paramecia (ciliates)
The paramecia start to freak out once they start to be digested!
Animal-Like Protista & Disease
• Malaria– Cause: Plasmodium– Vector: mosquitoes– Effects in humans:
Fever, vomiting, coma, death
Plasmodium injected by mosquito bite
Plasmodium develop inside your liver
Plasmodium reproduce inside your RBCs
Plasmodium reenters mosquito when bitten
Plant-like Protista• AKA: Algae• Plant-like: Photosynthetic
– No roots, no leaves, usually unicellular
• Classified by their type of cell wall
1) Euglenoids: use flagella to swim– Plant-like: photosynthetic– Animal-like: swim
Plant-like Protista• AKA: Algae• Plant-like: Photosynthetic
– No roots, no leaves, usually unicellular
• Classified by their type of cell wall
1) Euglenoids: use flagella to swim– Plant-like: photosynthetic– Animal-like: swim
Plant-like Protista• AKA: Algae• Plant-like: Photosynthetic
– No roots, no leaves, usually unicellular
• Classified by their type of cell wall
1) Euglenoids– Plant-like: photosynthetic– Animal-like: swim
2) Dinoflagellates– Most plankton – Basis of aquatic food
chains3) Diatoms
– Glasslike shells– Provide ~ ½ Earth’s O2
Plant-like Protista• AKA: Algae• Plant-like: Photosynthetic
– No roots, no leaves, usually unicellular
• Classified by their type of cell wall
1) Euglenoids– Plant-like: photosynthetic– Animal-like: swim
2) Dinoflagellates– Most plankton – Basis of aquatic food
chains3) Diatoms
– Glasslike shells– Provide ~ ½ Earth’s O2
Fungus-like Protista• Decomposers: recycle
nutrients• Mobile at stages of life
cycle– Spores can develop cilia
• Slime Molds: large (~1 meter) single celled mass of cytoplasm– Fungus & animal-like
Fungus-like Protista• Decomposers: recycle
nutrients• Mobile at stages of life
cycle– Spores can develop cilia
• Slime Molds: large (~1 meter) single celled mass of cytoplasm– Fungus & animal-like
Fungus-like Protista• Decomposers: recycle
nutrients• Mobile at stages of life
cycle– Spores can develop cilia
• Slime Molds: large (~1 meter) single celled mass of cytoplasm– Fungus & animal-like
• Water molds: can be parasitic– Potato blight: disease
Fungus-like Protista• Decomposers: recycle
nutrients• Mobile at stages of life
cycle– Spores can develop cilia
• Slime Molds: large (~1 meter) single celled mass of cytoplasm– Fungus & animal-like
• Water molds: can be parasitic– Potato blight: disease
Protista: The Origins of Multicellular Life
• Some protista are…• 1) Single-celled
– Live by themselves• 2) Colonial
– Group of independent acting cells
– No specialized cells• 3) Multicellular
– Cells specialized to be specific jobs
• Importance: Ancestors of multicellular life
Unicellular EuglenaThis is a colony of cells called Volvox
Multicellular Kelp
Kingdom Protista
Animal-like
1. Pseudopods• Move with
false feet
2. Flagellates• Move with
flagella
3. Ciliates• Move with cilia
Plant-like
1. Diatoms• Glass-like
shells
2. Dinoflagellates• Plankton
3. Euglenoids• Move like
animals, autotrophs like plants
Fungus-like
1. Slime molds• Move like
animals, absorb food like fungi
2. Water molds• Often parasites• Responsible
for Irish Potato Famine
ReView• 1) Name the three categories of protista.• 2) Which category of protista has members that are able to
move?• 3) Which category of protista has members that absorb
nutrients?• 4) Which category of protista has members that are
heterotrophs?• 5) Which category of protista has members that hunt?• 6) How does a pseudopod, flagella, and cilia differ?• 7) Name the 3 major categories of protozoa.• 8) Name the 3 major categories of algae.• 9) Name the 2 major categories of fungus-like protista.
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