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Cleaner Production Research andCleaner Production Research and
Implementation Activities carried outImplementation Activities carried outat Middle East Technical Universityat Middle East Technical University
Prof.Dr. Gksel N. DemirerProf.Dr. Gksel N. Demirer
Cleaner Production:A tool for Green Competitiveness in the Turkish Industry
METU, MoEF, RAC/CP
31 March 2008, METU, Ankara
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
The first decade of the journey:The first decade of the journey:
from 1998 to 2008from 1998 to 2008
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
INTEGRATED
PREVENTIVEENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT
TRAINING FORMUNICIPALITIESPROJECT
(1999-2003)
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
The project was developed and implemented by the Union ofChambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (UCTEA), Chamberof Environmental Engineers (CEE) and financially supported bythe Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC).
The aim and the scope of the Project were:
(1) training all levels of personnel of municipalities in basicintegrated and preventive environmental management strategiesby organizing workshops about preventative environmentalmanagement,(2) informing the municipalities about different environmentaltechnologies,(3) establishing a base for local environmental protectionstrategies and public participation and auditing, and(4) providing a framework for the development of municipalpolicies and actions on the environment.
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Within the first phase activities of the project, the workshopswere implemented with a high level of success in el, Denizli,Van, Eskiehir, Diyarbakr and Samsun. Furthermore, aHandbook was published in Turkish distributed to all the projectworkshop participants as well as the interested individuals andinstitutions free of charge.
The contents of the Handbook included the subjects covered inthe workshops and was prepared by an experienced team ofuniversity faculty members and experts.
The workshops provided well over a thousand participants withbasic training on the fundamentals of pollution prevention
concept and its applications in different local governmentoperations.
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
The workshops and the Handbook covered the following topics:
pollution prevention opportunities in local governmentoperations (pollution prevention and compliance assistance,purchasing practices encouraging regulatory compliance andpollution prevention, construction/property management,pesticide/vector management, public safety, solid wastemanagement, wastewater management, water resources
management, water supply, and vehicle/equipment maintenance) preventive municipal environmental management and publichealth overview of applicable laws and regulations case studies for preventive municipal environmental
management selected national and international resources for preventivemunicipal environmental management studies opportunities for public participation and auditing in preventivemunicipal environmental management
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
GOOD HOUSEKEEPINGGOOD HOUSEKEEPINGAPPLICATIONS INAPPLICATIONS INTURKISH COMPANIESTURKISH COMPANIES
DELTA
(Developing EnvironmentalLeadership Towards Action)
Eco-Efficiency Programme
(2001-2002)
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
The project was implemented by the UCTEA,Chamber ofEnvironmental Engineers (CEE) and Sustainable Business
Associates (Switzerland) and financially supported by the SwissAgency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). The aim of theProject was to:
Introduce the concepts of preventive environmental
management or eco-management to Turkish industry at SMElevel.
Lay down a foundation for launching wider efforts in the areaof industrial eco-efficiencyIntroduce practical environmental management tools related to
good housekeeping that Turkish enterprises can use to minimisewaste, conserve water, save energy, prevent pollution, andimprove organisational procedures;Promote a broad dissemination and application of theseprinciples and tools.
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
April 2001: Good Housekeeping Guide was printed in Turkish.
May 7th-11th, 2001:DELTA Eco-Management Weekwas organised in Gebze, Turkey, incooperation with Sustainable Business Associates (SBA, Switzerland), Regional ActivityCentre for Cleaner Production (RAC/CP, Spain) and TUBITAK Marmara Research Centre(MRC, Turkey), as a part of a LIFE Project. More than 50 engineers and managers fromenterprises participated in the project.
October 2001: First Turkish GHK case studies has been finalised and printed. A total savingof 15,000 US $/year was succeded in the 3 companies that have applied Good HousekeepingGuide in their enterprises.
21st-22nd October, 2001: A Good Housekeepingseminar was organized in Ankara, withthe participation of Sustainable Business Associates (SBA), in cooperation with KOSGEB.
Around 25 engineers from SMEs, representatives from ministries of environment and industry,and academicians participated in the seminar. 12-13 Febraury 2002: Good Housekeeping Seminar in Bursa, a highly industrialized cityin West Anatolia, in cooperation with KOSGEB Bursa and supported by TTGV and BursaInternational Textile trade and commerce Centre.
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
COMPANYCOMPANY TITLETITLE ECONOMIC RESULTSECONOMIC RESULTS ENVIRONMENTAL RESULTSENVIRONMENTAL RESULTS
HOB Paint andChemicals IndustryInc., Gebze, Turkey
Rearranging theWorking hours of amachine
No investment costAnnual saving: 2000 USDImmediate payback
11800 kWh/year energy issaved
HOB Paint andChemicals IndustryInc., Gebze, Turkey
Modifying RawMaterial TransferMethod
Investment cost: 50 USD
Annual saving: 3000 USDImmediate payback
The reuse of the spilled rawmaterial avoided 2.5ton/year of waste dischargeand related pollution.
BARMEK Inc.,Ankara, Turkey
Reuse of LeakagePaints MinimisizesThe Material Loss
Investment cost: 670 USD
Annual saving: 1120 USD
Payback period: 7 months
Consideable amount of paintis resused rather than beingwasted.
12356732
220 C
SUMMARY OF SOME OF THE CASE STUDIES
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
CLEANERCLEANER
PRODUCTIONPRODUCTIONOPPORTUNITYOPPORTUNITYASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
FORFOR AA MARKETMARKETMILKMILKPRODUCTIOPRODUCTIONN
FACILITYFACILITY
(2001(2001--2003)2003)
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to conduct a cleaner productionassessment (CPA) for a market milk production facility to identify theopportunities of CP, corresponding environmental and economicalbenefits.
METHODOLOGY
The methodology used in this study was prepared by compiling andreorganizing different manuals and checklists (UNEP, DEPA, EPA, SBANYSDEC) developed by several leading institutions in the field of CP.
The mass balance approach wasselected as CPA methodology orthe strategy of analysis adopted.
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
StepStep TaskTask SubSub--TaskTask DescriptionDescription
11-- Planning andPlanning andOrganizationOrganization
Establishing andEstablishing andorganizing a CPAorganizing a CPAProgramProgram
A.A.Obtain management commitmentObtain management commitmentB.B.Select team members to developSelect team members to developcleaner production plancleaner production plan
22-- PrePre--assessmentassessment(qualitative review)(qualitative review)
Compilation ofCompilation ofbackgroundbackgroundinformationinformation
A.A.Develop facility profileDevelop facility profile
33--AssessmentAssessment(quantitative(quantitativereview)review)
ConductingConductingEnvironmentalEnvironmentalReviewReview
A.A.Compile facility dataCompile facility dataB.B.Conduct site inspectionConduct site inspectionC.C.Identify cleaner production optionsIdentify cleaner production options
D.D.Organize cleaner production optionsOrganize cleaner production options
44-- Evaluation andEvaluation andFeasibility StudyFeasibility Study
ConductingConductingFeasibilityFeasibilityAssessmentAssessment
A.A.Conduct feasibility assessmentConduct feasibility assessment
The outline of the methodology followed is presented below:
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Check valve ithtime control
olding
ipes
CW
a
ilk torage Tanks
Clari ier
lass
ackaging
lo
meter
W
CW
asteurization
Cream
eparator
W dor
omogenizator
alanceTank
alanceTank
1
T
ilter
CW
Clari ier ludge
Clari ier
1
Cartoon ackaging asteurized
ilk
torageTanks
CW
Channel
Not al ays inoperation
ump
T
ixing
iston
Deodorization eparator
sludge
a
milkCooling lates
a ilk Tank ilter
!.
a
ilk Intake
rocess
. ilk asteurization
RRaw milkaw milkintakeintake
PPasteurizationasteurization
Flow Diagram of the FacilityFlow Diagram of the Facility
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
CPOpportunities forCPOpportunities for
Market Milk ProductionMarket Milk Production
Clean water recycles
GHK/repair
Off-site reuse/ milk sludge
Off-site reuse/ milky water
GHK/ small equipment
change/ water & milk
GHK/operating Practices
CleanerProductionOpportunities
CPOpportunities forCPOpportunities for
Cleaning Operations
Cleaning Operations
Change of Technology-Clean In
Place (CIP) System
Off-site reuse/ Milky rinse
Change Equipment/ Shut-off
nozzle use
GHK-change in operating
practices
Chemical change
Reuse-Alkaline water reuse
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
The results could be summarized as follows:
Eliminatedwater use(kg/day)
Eliminateddischarge(kg/day)
EliminatedChemical use(kg/day)
RecycledWater(kg/day)
RreducedCO(kg/day)
ReducedTSS(g/day)
Reducedalkalinity
(kg/day)
reducedrecycling(kg/day)
47329.7 9089.2 101.1 18636.9 181.9 20727.2 40.1 102.8
Alternatively, the results can be presented as:
50% of the service water used,
9.3% of the current wastewater discharge,
65.4% of the chemical use,
discharge of181.91 kg/day ofCOD, and
20.7kg/ day of TSScould be eliminated, and
19.6% of the service water used
could be recycled/reused.
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
CLEANERCLEANER
PRODUCTIONPRODUCTIONOPPORTUNITYOPPORTUNITYASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
STUDYSTUDY FOR AFOR APULP ANDPULP ANDPAPER MILLPAPER MILL
(1999(1999--2001)2001)
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to apply Cleaner Production concepts toa Turkish pulp and paper mill to introduce the concept as well as toprovide a framework to future initiatives.To this purpose a comprehensive waste reduction audit was conducted.
METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY
Several waste audit guides from different sources (UNEP, UNIDO,
USEPA and others) were examined and compiled leading to themethodology implemented in this work.
The collected data were alsocompared with internationalenvironmental performanceindicators from other companiesin Europe, USA, Canada,and Australia. This comparisonprovided the specific opportunitiesfor improvement at differentprocesses in the mill.
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
ProcessProcess FlowFlow DiagramDiagram
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
InputsInputs Ton/annumTon/annum
WoodWood LogsLogs 151151,,666666
KraftKraft 1212,,778778
ChemicalsChemicals 1212,,352352WaterWater 33,,365365,,000000
SteamSteam 186186,,800800
TotalTotal 33,,728728,,596596
OverallOverall MillMill OperationsOperations (Debarking(Debarking andand Chipping,Chipping,
Pulping,Pulping, PaperPaperMachine)Machine)
OutputsOutputs ton/annumton/annum
NewsprintNewsprint 7979,,998998
BarkBark andand SawSaw DustDust toto
HogHog FuelFuel BoilersBoilers
1818,,447447
BarkBark andand SawSaw DustDust lostlost 11,,523523
WastewaterWastewater 33,,253253,,000000
FiberFiber lossloss 33,,750750
SteamSteam ExhaustedExhausted 200200,,000000
TotalTotal 33,,556556,,718718
MATERIALBALANCE
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Parameter (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) MeanSt.
Dev.
SEKA
Balkesir
Mill
Water onsumption (m3/ton of ADP
produced)
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.38 0.25 4.2
Power onsumption (kWh/ton of
ADP produced)
20.0 20.00 0.00 25.7
BOD5 (kg/ton of ADP produced) 2.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.26 0.58 2.3
OD (kg/ton of ADP produced) 4.2 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.30 0.48 5.3
TSS (kg/ton of ADP produced) 5.0 4.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.2 1.30 29.9
Wastewater Generation (m3/ton of
ADP produced)
1.0 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.95 0.10 4.2
Comparison of Pollution Loads with EnvironmentalComparison of Pollution Loads with EnvironmentalPerformance Indicators forPerformance Indicators for
(1) Woodyard &C
hipping Operations, (2)CTM
P Process(1) Woodyard &C
hipping Operations, (2)CTM
P ProcessOperations, and (3) PaperMachine OperationsOperations, and (3) PaperMachine Operations
Parameter (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) MeanSt.
Dev.
SEKA
Balkesir
Mill
Water Consumption (m3/ton of
ADP produced)
15.0 12.0 15.0 15.0 14.25 1.50 21.1
Power Consumption (kWh/ton ofADP produced)
2100.0 2100.00 0.00 2551.2
BOD5 (kg/ton of ADP produced) 11.3 35.0 30.0 25.0 40.0 28.26 11.00 47.2COD (kg/ton of ADP produced) 100.0 90.0 100.0 80.0 92.50 9.57 175.4TSS (kg/ton of ADP produced) 6.8 10.0 8.0 10.0 7.0 8.36 1.56 25.3Wastewater Generation (m3/ton ofADP produced)
15.0 12.0 15.0 15.0 14.25 1.50 19.4
Parameter (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) MeanSt.
Dev.
SEKA
Balkesir
Mill
W a t e r C o n s u m p t i o n (m3
/ t o n
o f p a p e r p r o d u c e d )
1 5 . 0 1 7 . 0 1 7 . 0 1 5 . 0 1 6 . 0 0 1 . 1 5 1 9 . 6
P o w e r C o n s u m p t io n
( k W h / to n o f p a p e r p r o d u c e d )
2 3 0 . 0 2 3 0 . 0 0 0 . 0 0 3 8 4 . 5
B O D 5 ( k g / t o n o f p a p e r p r o d u c e d )
3 . 0 2 . 0 3 . 5 3 . 5 3 . 0 3 . 0 0 0 . 6 1 1 2 . 7
C O D ( k g / t o n o f p a p e r p r o d u c e d )
1 4 1 5 1 3 . 5 1 5 1 4 . 3 8 0 . 7 5 2 2
T S S ( k g / to n o f p a p e r p r o d u c e d )
3 . 0 3 . 0 4 . 0 4 . 0 4 . 0 3 . 6 0 0 . 5 5 1 2 . 7
W a s te w a t e r G e n e r a ti o n( m 3 / to n o f p a p e r p r o d u c e d )
1 5 . 0 1 7 . 0 1 7 . 0 1 5 . 0 1 6 . 0 0 1 . 1 5 1 9 . 8
( 1 ) ( 2 )
( 3 )
(a ) Source: Handbook of Environmental Control (Bond and Straub, 1974)
(b) Source: A benchmark of Current Cleaner Production Practices (Aquatech, 1997)
(c) Source: Development Document for Proposed Effluent Limitations and Standards for the
Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Point Source Category (USEPA, 1993b)
(d) Source: Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook (World Bank Group, 1998)
(e) Source: Pollution Prevention and Abatement Guidelines for the Pulp and Paper Industry
(UNIDO, 1993)
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ParameterParameter Max. Estimated Decrease byMax. Estimated Decrease by Max. TotalMax. TotalEstimatedEstimatedDecreaseDecreaseRecycle of Log FlumeRecycle of Log Flume
WaterWaterStormWaterStormWaterManagementManagement
Water Consumption (mWater Consumption (m33/ton of ADP produced)/ton of ADP produced) 33 -- 33
BODBOD55 (kg/ton of ADP produced)(kg/ton of ADP produced) 22 -- 22
COD (kg/ton of ADP produced)COD (kg/ton of ADP produced) 33 -- 33
TSS (kg/ton of ADP produced)TSS (kg/ton of ADP produced) 11.511.5 44 15.515.5
Wastewater Generation (mWastewater Generation (m33/ton of ADP/ton of ADPproduced)produced)
33 -- 33
Summary of waste reduction estimates
for wood yard and chipping operations
ParameterParameter
Max. Estimated Decrease byMax. Estimated Decrease byMax. TotalMax. TotalEstimatedEstimatedDecreaseDecrease
ImprovedImprovedRaw MaterialRaw Material
SelectionSelection
ImprovedImprovedChipping &Chipping &
ScreeningScreening
ExtendedExtendedDelignificationDelignification
SpillSpillControlControl
Water Consumption (mWater Consumption (m33/ton of ADP/ton of ADPproduced)produced)
33 -- -- 33 66
BODBOD55 (kg/ton of ADP produced)(kg/ton of ADP produced) 99 1111 1313 55 3838
COD (kg/ton of ADP produced)COD (kg/ton of ADP produced) 2828 2020 32.532.5 2020 100.5100.5
TSS (kg/ton of ADP produced)TSS (kg/ton of ADP produced) 6.56.5 88 -- 55 19.519.5
Wastewater Generation (mWastewater Generation (m33/ton of/ton ofADP produced)ADP produced)
33 -- -- 33 66
for CTMP process operations
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Summary of waste reduction estimates
for paper machine operations
Max. Estimated Decrease byMax. Estimated Decrease by
Max. TotalMax. TotalEstimatedEstimated
DecreaseDecreaseParameterParameter
AdditionalAdditional
VacuumVacuumExtractionExtractionTanksTanks
ReducingReducing SealSeal
WaterWaterUtilized inUtilized inVacuumVacuumPumpsPumps
Reducing FreshReducing Fresh
Water UsageWater Usagein Feltin FeltShowersShowers
ReplacinReplacinggGlandGlandSealsSeals
Water Consumption (mWater Consumption (m33/ton of/ton ofpaper produced)paper produced)
-- 11 11 0.50.5 2.52.5
BODBOD55 (kg/ton of paper(kg/ton of paper
produced)produced)
77 -- -- -- 77
COD (kg/ton of paperCOD (kg/ton of paperproduced)produced)
1515 -- -- -- 1515
TSS (kg/ton of paperTSS (kg/ton of paperproduced)produced)
1010 -- -- -- 1010
Wastewater GenerationWastewater Generation(m(m33/ton of ADP produced)/ton of ADP produced)
-- 11 11 0.50.5 2.52.5
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Implementation oImplementation off
EUsEUs IPPC DirectiveIPPC Directiveiin a Turkish Denimn a Turkish DenimManufacturing PlantManufacturing Plant
(2005(2005--2007)2007)
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
IPPPPC| Integrated Pollution PreventionPollution Prevention and Control
IPPC Directive (96/61/EC ) states to:
Prevent pollution from industrial production through raw
material substitution, clean technologies, etc.and
Control the pollution from industrial production throughtreatment facilities
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Under the management of Prof.Dr. lk Yeti of Dept. ofEnvironmental Engineering, METU, this project aimed to implementthe IPPC Directive for a major textile plant, as the first time in the
country.
This project had investigated the applicability of BATs for textilemill investigated. As a part of this project, many pollutionprevention opportunities were also evaluated such as:
Water use efficiency and recycling/reuse Energy efficiency Chemical substitution (or alternative chemical use) Recycling and reuse of caustic
There has been major success in terms of pollution prevention,water reuse, recycling, etc. among others.
Details of this project will be provided in two differentpresentations during the Workshop.
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
MICROTRAINING:SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
PARTNERSDelft University of Technology, The Netherlands
Technical University of Catalonia, Spain
Aachen University, Germany.
Middle East Technical University, Turkey
Royal Institute of Technology/KTH, Sweden
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
MICROTRAINING: SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
An increasing number of companies find Sustainable Development
(SD) important; this is mainly due to the growing attention from politicsand society.
Nowadays technology and innovation play important roles in the
approaches to sustainability related problems.Exchanging of new
knowledge and insight is therefore important.
Daily practise proves that it is difficult for companies to regularly make
time to transfer knowledge internally. Therefore it is necessary for
companies to have a practical approach on improving the level of
knowledge of Sustainable Technological Innovation (STI) within theorganisation.
MICROTRAINING offers a flexible approach focussed on stimulating
feedback, coupled on various learning styles and participants.
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Related topics are taught in series of
modules of 15 to 30 minutes,. Thechoice of topics covered will bedetermined by the knowledgerequirements of the employees of thecompany.
The MICROTRAINING approach isdeveloped and tested by sixcompanies in the Netherlands, DelftUniversity of Technology andInnovadersAmsterdam, and in
corporation with BecoRotterdam.
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
MICROTRAINING APPROACH
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
Parallel DevelopmentParallel Development
oof Industrial Productivityf Industrial Productivityaand Environmentalnd EnvironmentalPerformancePerformance aat St SMEMEss
LevelLevel(2007(2007--))
in cooperation with
Turkish NationalProductivity Centerand ankaya University
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
The aim of the project is to demonstrate the industrial productivityand environmental performancecan beenhanced together.
To this end the specific objectives of this project can be summarizedas:
Compiling and developing an eco-efficiency guide for SMEs withrelevant environmental performance and industrial productivity
indicators
Training 20 SMEs from different sectors about the use of thisguide
Conducting 5 case studies and monitoring and correlating the
environmental performance and industrial productivity
Demonstrating that environmental management is not a burden, butit is an activity increasing productivity of thecompany throughdissemination activities.
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http://144.122.60.76/people/gndemirer/links/temizuretim/index.htm
Prof. r. Gksel emirerProf. r. Gksel emirerOrta ou Teknik niversitesiOrta ou Teknik niversitesi
evreevre MhendisliiMhendislii BlmBlm
AnasayfaAnasayfa || Temiz retimTemiz retim || Temiz retim AralarTemiz retim Aralar || Temiz retim SzlTemiz retim Szl || rnek Uygulamalarrnek Uygulamalar|| lgili Kurumlarlgili Kurumlar|| Yararl KaynaklarYararl Kaynaklar
AnasayfaAnasayfaTemiz retimTemiz retimTemiz retim AralarTemiz retim AralarTemiz retim SzlTemiz retim SzlEndstriyel UygulamalarEndstriyel Uygulamalarlgili Kurumlarlgili KurumlarYararl KaynaklarYararl Kaynaklarletiimletiim
zellikle 20. Yzyln ikinci yarsnda ba dndrc bir hza ulaan teknolojik ve endstriyelgelimelerin beraberinde getirdii evresel deerlerin tahribi ve yenilenemeyen kaynaklarn hzla azalmasgnmzdeivmelenerek srmektedir.
Endstrileme ve yaam biimlerindeki deimeye paralel olarak ortaya kan atklar, zaman iindelogaritmik bir art gstermi ve bu atklardan kaynakl yaanlan yerel evre sorunlar kresel bir boyut
kazanmtr. Ozon tabakasndaki delinme, kresel snma, asit yamurlar, eitli doal alc ortamlara -zmseme kapasitelerinin ok zerindeki miktarlarda- yaplan toksik ve tehlikeli atk dearjlar bukapsamda saylabilir.
A WEB PAGE IN TURKISHA WEB PAGE IN TURKISH
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Prof. Dr. Gksel N. Demirer, Department of Environmental EngineeringMiddle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
THANK YOU
FORYOUR PATIENCE
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