An Evidence-BasedAn Evidence-Based
Program to Effectively Treat Program to Effectively Treat
Posttraumatic Stress DisorderPosttraumatic Stress Disorder
June 17, 2008June 17, 2008
Gunter Chasse, Oberstleutnant a.D.Gunter Chasse, Oberstleutnant a.D.
Alarik Arenander, PhDAlarik Arenander, PhD
PTBSPTBS Re-experiencingRe-experiencing
phenomenaphenomena HyperarousalHyperarousal Avoidance Avoidance
behaviorbehavior
3
PTBSPTBS
““Overwhelmed”Overwhelmed”
Prefrontal shutdownPrefrontal shutdown
Brewin, Brewin, Prog Brain ResProg Brain Res, 2008, 2008
4
BRAIN DYSFUNCTIONBRAIN DYSFUNCTION
Hypoactivation of Hypoactivation of mPFCmPFC
Hyperactivation of Hyperactivation of amygdalaamygdala
Hyperactivation of Hyperactivation of hippocampus?hippocampus?
Brewin, Brewin, Prog Brain ResProg Brain Res, 2008, 2008
Liberzon & Sripada, Liberzon & Sripada, Prog Brain ResProg Brain Res, 2008, 2008
Key Components of PTBSKey Components of PTBS
NegativeNegativeCorrelationCorrelation
6
PTBSPTBS Persistence ofPersistence of
symptomssymptoms Adaptation & Adaptation &
plasticityplasticity Complex pathwaysComplex pathways Case uniquenessCase uniqueness
7
18.5%: PTSD or depression (300k)18.5%: PTSD or depression (300k)
19.5 %: TBI (330k)19.5 %: TBI (330k)
50% seek help50% seek help
50% get minimal care50% get minimal care
Evidence-based treatment lackingEvidence-based treatment lacking
High economic & human lossHigh economic & human loss
Rand Center for Military Health Policy, Rand Center for Military Health Policy, MG-720-CCFMG-720-CCF, 2008, 2008
Invisible WoundsInvisible WoundsAmerican VeteransAmerican Veterans
Post-Vietnam RehabilitationPost-Vietnam Rehabilitation
Random assignmentRandom assignment TM vs psychotherapyTM vs psychotherapy 18 Ss, voluntary18 Ss, voluntary Demographics, 33 yrsDemographics, 33 yrs 9 dependent variables9 dependent variables 3 month treatment3 month treatment
Brooks & Scarano, Brooks & Scarano, J Couns Develop, J Couns Develop, 19851985
MeasuresMeasures PTSD symptomsPTSD symptoms AnxietyAnxiety DepressionDepression S/AS/A InsomniaInsomnia EmploymentEmployment Family lifeFamily life
Brooks & Scarano, Brooks & Scarano, J Couns Develop, J Couns Develop, 19851985
Post-Vietnam RehabilitationPost-Vietnam Rehabilitation
Psychotherapy: no changePsychotherapy: no change
TM: 8 variablesTM: 8 variables improvedimproved TM: 7/10 no longer needed TM: 7/10 no longer needed
services of VAMCservices of VAMC
Brooks & Scarano, Brooks & Scarano, J Couns Develop, J Couns Develop, 19851985
Personal ExperiencePersonal Experience
Brooks & Scarano, Brooks & Scarano, J Couns Develop, J Couns Develop, 19851985
““I feel after I meditate that I I feel after I meditate that I no longer have the same no longer have the same
intensity of tension, rage, and intensity of tension, rage, and guilt inside — it’s as if a huge guilt inside — it’s as if a huge
burden has been lifted.”burden has been lifted.”
— Vietnam Vet — Vietnam Vet
NeuromuscularNeuromuscularFlexibilityFlexibility
NeuromuscularNeuromuscularFlexibilityFlexibility
Self-Self-AwarenessAwareness
Self-Self-AwarenessAwareness
LearningLearningAbilityAbility
LearningLearningAbilityAbility
DecreasedDecreasedAnxietyAnxiety
DecreasedDecreasedAnxietyAnxiety
Self-Self-DevelopmentDevelopment
Self-Self-DevelopmentDevelopment
InnerInnerOrientationOrientation
InnerInnerOrientationOrientation
MoralMoralReasoningReasoning
MoralMoralReasoningReasoning
ConceptConceptLearningLearningConceptConceptLearningLearningEmotionalEmotional
StabilityStabilityEmotionalEmotionalStabilityStability
DecreasedDecreasedNeuroticismNeuroticismDecreasedDecreased
NeuroticismNeuroticism
IntelligenceIntelligenceIntelligenceIntelligence
ComputationalComputationalEfficiencyEfficiency
ComputationalComputationalEfficiencyEfficiency
CreativityCreativityCreativityCreativity
BrainwaveBrainwaveCoherenceCoherenceBrainwaveBrainwaveCoherenceCoherence
-5-5
-4-4
-3-3
-2-2
-1-1
00
11
22
33
44
55 TMTM PMRPMR SBFSBF RABFRABFSM +SM +relaxationrelaxation
* **
Blo
od
Pre
ssu
reC
han
ge
Sco
res
Rainforth M, Schneider R, Nidich S, et al: Rainforth M, Schneider R, Nidich S, et al: Current Hypertension ReportsCurrent Hypertension Reports [9] 520-528, [9] 520-528, 20072007
A Meta-analysis of Stress Reduction Programs: High Blood Pressure
** p = .0002 p = .0002
**** p = .02 p = .02
SummarySummaryUpgrading Brain IntegrationUpgrading Brain Integration
to Improve Rehabilitationto Improve Rehabilitation
TM Improves RehabilitationTM Improves Rehabilitation
PTSDPTSD CorrectionsCorrections Substance abuseSubstance abuse Traumatic brain Traumatic brain
injuryinjury
Brain IntegrationBrain Integration
CoherenceCoherence
ExperienceExperience
Improved RehabImproved Rehab
Brain PlasticityBrain Plasticity
Evidence-basedEvidence-based Easy to implement, learnEasy to implement, learn Produces desired resultsProduces desired results Changes rapid & holisticChanges rapid & holistic High ComplianceHigh Compliance Cost-effectiveCost-effective ComplementaryComplementary Culture neutralCulture neutral
Why use?Why use?
ContactContactAlarik Arenander, PhDAlarik Arenander, PhD
001 641-472-3443001 [email protected]@aol.com
Gunter Chasse, Oberstleutnant a.D.Gunter Chasse, Oberstleutnant a.D.0178-53883260178-5388326
[email protected]@chasse.de
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