AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION PROCEDURES IN TRANSLATED
THESIS ABSTRACTS OF STUDENTS OF FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND
POLITICAL SCIENCES
A THESIS
BY
MUHAMMAD REZA
REG. NO. 130705028
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2018
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION PROCEDURES IN
TRANSLATED THESIS ABSTRACTS OF STUDENTS OF
FACULTY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES
A THESIS
BY
MUHAMMAD REZA
REG. NO: 130705028
SUPERVISOR CO-SUPERVISOR
Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A Dr. Rudy Sofyan, M.Hum.
NIP. 19511013 197603 1 002 NIP. 19721113 200501 1 010
Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from
Department of English
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2018
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of
Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination.
Head, Secretary,
Dr. Deliana, M.Hum Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A.Ph. D
NIP. 19571117 198303 2 001 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the
degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural
Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.
The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara on Friday, February 9th
2018
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S
NIP. 19600805 198703 1 001
Board of Examiners
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D
Prof. T. Silvana Sinar, M.A, Ph.D.
Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A
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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, MUHAMMAD REZA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF
THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF
THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED
ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A
THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER
DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT
DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS.
THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF
ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date : February 9th
2018
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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME : MUHAMMAD REZA
TITLE OF THESIS : AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION
PROCEDURES IN TRANSLATED THESIS
ABSTRACTS OF STUDENTS OF FACULTY
OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATRA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT
USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW
OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date : February 9th
, 2018
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrohmanirrohim,
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, the writer would like to thank and praise Allah
SWT for giving me everything I need especially to finish this thesis in order to get
the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural
Studies University of Sumatera Utara.
The I would like to thank the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, Dr. Budi
Agustono, M.S., the Head of English Department, Dr. Hj. Deliana, M.Hum., and the
secretary of English Department, Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A. Ph.D. for all of the
facilities and opportunities given to the writer during the stufy.
I also would like to thank the my supervisor, Prof. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis,
M.A. and the writer’s co-supervisor Dr. Rudy Sofyan, S.S., M.Hum. for the
guidance, support, advice, and constructive comments during the writing of tor his
thesis
Special thanks to my parents Alm. Azhar and Ernawati Nasution, my lovley
aunty Almh. Erni Nasution, and also my beloved sister : Yuyun, Nola and Asti. for
giving the writer an endless support, love and attention. A really big thanks to aunts,
uncles, and cousins for every help and support for the writer so the writer can finish
the writer’s study in the university.
Massive thanks to my beloved best friends : Ryah, Melfi, Rafif, Amie, Amoi,
Ryan, Icha, Lan, Tulang, Jupeg, Robby. For D’Kos: Rike, Rizal, Wirda, Sari. For
Wisdua 2018 : Agung, Husna, Dyla, Putri, Iin.
For Kabinet Lambe IMSI : Noni, Gerald, Agung, Ayu Rantika, Rezy, Tina,
Randy, Morris. My junior : Farris bot, Andre, Nurul, Jawara, Ahsan, Akmal, Yola,
Raja, Febri, Tasya boni, Jaka, Zizi, Dwi, Dede. My Senior : Bg Yanto, Bg Abel, Bg
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Izal, Kak Zara, Bg Wahyu, Bg Yuda, Kak Refi, Kak Ossi, Kak Dini, Kak Windi,
Kak Depa, Bg Yudi, Kak Wina, Kak Chica, Bg Padel, Kak Fanny, Bg Kiteng.
The writer has written this thesis with all the writer limitation of knowledge,
time and references but the writer does hope this thesis will be useful for anyone who
read it.
Medan, February 9th
2018
Muhammad Reza
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ABSTRACT
The thesis entitled ‘An Analysis of Translation Procedures in Translated Thesis
Abstracts of Students of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences’ is a linguistics
study. This study appears because of the importance of translation role in translating
thesis abstracts. This thesis was done to answer the curiosity of the writer about what
procedures is applied in translated thesis abstracts and what the dominant procedure
applied in translating the thesis abstract of Social and Political Sciences Faculty. The
objective of this study is to find out what translation procedures are applied in
translating the thesis abstracts and the dominant one. Thesis abstracts is selected
beacuse abstracts as brief summary of the most important points in a scientific paper.
In order to identified and classify the translation procedures applied in thesis
abstracts, Vinay and Dalbernet theory about translation procedures is used. The
method of the analysis is descriptive qualitative method. As the result of this
research, the most dominant procedure used in translated thesis abstracts of Social
and Political Sciences faculty is literal with 44 occurrences (68,75%), followed by
equivalence with 8 occurrences (12,5%), borrowing with 7 occurrences (10,93%),
modulation with 3 occurrences (4,68%), transposition with 1 occurrence (1,56%) and
calque with 1 occurrence (1,56%).
Keywords : thesis abstracts, literal, translation procedures
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ABSTRAK
Skripsi yang berjudul ‘An Analysis of Translation Procedures in Translated Thesis
Abstracts of Students of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences’ adalah sebuah studi
linguistik. Studi ini muncul karena pentingnya peran terjemahan dalam
menerjemahkan abstrak skripsi. Skripsi ini dibuat untuk menjawab rasa penasaran
penulis tentang prosedur apakah yang dipakai penerjemah dalam menerjemahkan
abstrak skripsi dan prosedur apa yang dominan dipakai dalam menerjemahkan
abstrak skripsi Fakultas Ilmu Social and Politik (FISIP). Tujuan dari penelitian ini
adalah untuk menemukan prosedur terjemahan apa yang digunakan oleh penerjemah
untuk menerjemahkan skripsi abstrak skripsi FISIP dan prosedur mana yang paling
dominan. Abstrak skripsi ini dipilih karena abstrak menjadi poin yang sangat penting
dalam karya tulis ilmiah, teori yang dipakai untuk mengidentifikasi dan
mengklasifikasikan prosedur terjemahan yang digunakan oleh penerjemah adalah
teori prosedur terjemahan Vinay dan Dalbernet. Metode penelitian yang dipakai
dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini
menunjukkan bahwa prosedur yang dominan dipakai dalam menerjemahkan abstrak
skripsi adalah literal, dibuktikan dengan temuan prosedur literal sebanyak 44 temuan
(68,75%), diikuti dengan prosedur ekuivalen dengan 8 temuan (12,5%), peminjaman
dengan 7 temuan (10,93%), modulasi dengan 3 temuan (4,68%), transposisi dengan 1
temuan (1,56%) serta kalke dengan 1 temuan (1,56%).
Kata kunci: abstrak skripsi, literal, prosedur terjemahan
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TABLE OF CONTENT
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ..................................................................... i
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ................................................................ ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... iii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. v
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................. vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS. .......................................................................... vii
LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................. x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Study ............................................................ 1
1.2 Problem of The Study .................................................................. 5
1.3 Objective of The Study ................................................................ 5
1.4 Scope of The Study ..................................................................... 5
1.5 Significance of The Study ........................................................... 6
1.5.1 Theoritical Significance ........................................................... 6
1.5.2 Practical Significance............................................................... 6
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of Translation ............................................................ 7
2.2 The Process of Translation ........................................................ 10
2.3 Procedures of Translation ........................................................... 11
2.4 Abstract ..................................................................................... 16
2.5 Previous Research …………………………………….............. 17
CHAPTER III METHODS OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Method ....................................................................... 19
3.2 Data and Source Data ................................................................. 19
3.3 Data Collecting Method .............................................................. 20
3.4 Data Analysis Method ............................................................... 20
3.5 Data Percentage ......................................................................... 21
CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 Discussion .................................................................................. 22
4.2 Analysis ..................................................................................... 22
4.2.1 Identifying the Translation Procedures ................................... 22
4.2.2 Classifying and Analyzing the Data Based on the Translation
Procedure……………….............................................…..... 35
4.2.2.1 Borrowing ............................................................................. 35
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4.2.2.2 Calque ................................................................................... 36
4.2.2.3 Literal Translation ................................................................ 37
4.2.2.4 Transposition ........................................................................ 38
4.2.2.5 Modulation ........................................................................... 39
4.2.2.6 Equivalence .......................................................................... 41
4.2.2.7 Adaptation ........................................................................... 42
4.2 Data Findings .............................................................................. 42
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................. 45
5.2 Suggestion .................................................................................. 45
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………. 47
APPENDICES
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LIST OFTABLES
Table 1. Educational statistic ................................................................................. 21
Table 2. Data A Identification ................................................................................... 22
Table 3. Data B Identification .................................................................................... 25
Table 4. Data C Identification .................................................................................... 28
Table 5. Data D Identification ................................................................................... 30
Table 6. Data E Identification .................................................................................... 33
Table 7. Table of Translation Procedures in Thesis Abstracts................................ 43
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Language is a fundamental part our life, because it refers to the way we
manage our social life. Language is not only for linguists, students, lecturers, but also
for business men, politician, lawyer, marketing, and other aspects that need language
as a medium to communicate. One of the medium to communicate is a book or paper
in professional journal. The use of different languages in paper in professional
journal around the world encourages people to make use of translation process in
order to provide paper in professional journal translated from one language to
another. As a way to communicate, translation has a function as the way to share
information, stories, experiences and most of all knowledge. Translation is a media
that can help us to get the knowledge or information. Nowadays, many different
papers in professional journal, especially with English as the source language, have
been translated and distributed to different countries, including Indonesia. They vary
from science, history, arts, religion, business & economics, biography &
autobiography, etc. If you examine any paper in professional journal, such as thesis,
you will see that each paper begins with an abstract.
An abstract is a brief summary of the most important points in a scientific
paper as Day (1998 : 29) states an abstract is a miniversion of the paper. Abstracts
enable professionals to stay current with the huge volume of scientific literature. It is
also a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding or
any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader
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quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. When used, an abstract always appears at the
beginning of a manuscript or typescript.
Houghton (1975) says that an abstract can be defined as a summary of the
information in a document. An abstract is a critical part of a scientific paper. Many
professionals read abstracts from around the world. These abstracts from around the
world have varied of languages. To make professionals read and understand the
abstracts easier, the author usually translates the abstracts from the source language
into English. In relation with this study, the writer studies some students’ thesis
abstracts in University of Sumatera Utara that are written in two languages, English
and Bahasa Indonesia. The thesis authors write the abstracts in Bahasa Indonesia and
then they are translated into English. In translating the abstracts, they are transferring
information from source language to target language ang they should produce
equivalent text so that the readers can understand and determine whether they need to
read the document in its entirely.
A translator may use a variety of translation procedures that differ in
importance according to the contextual factors of both the source language and the
target language. Among the factors involved in translation such as form, meaning,
style, proverbs, idioms, etc., the present paper is going to concentrate mainly on the
procedures of translating abstracts in general.
Nida and Taber (1982:12) state that translating consists of reproducing in the
receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first
in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Meanwhile, Translation as stated
by Newmark (1988:5) is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the
way that the author intended the text. From the definition stated, the writer found
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that translation is a process which is aimed to find meaning equivalence in the target
language. The activity of translation has a long-standing tradition and has been
widely practiced throughout history, but in our rapidly changing world its role has
become of paramount importance.
The role of translation is very important here to support the development of
science in Indonesia. This is in line with Muchtar’s view (2012:17) which says that
translation becomes very important since most of the text about science and
technology from developed countries is written in foreign language, particularly
English. Because it is very important to re-consider the balance of content and the
product of translation, because if it is not attuned, it will make multi-interpretation
which eventually generates the inadequate product.
Translation is not merely changing words, but also transferring of culture
equivalence with the culture of the original language and the recipient of that
language as well as possible and implement it according to the recipient language
(Muchtar 2013: 2). The better translation must be accepted by all people in logic and
based on fact; thus, the message contained in the source language can satisfy the
target-language reader with the information within. Prochazka in Garvin’s A Prague
School Reader on Esthetics, Literary Structure and Style (in Venutti 2000:131)
defines a good translation in terms of certain requirements which must be made by
the translator, namely (1) “He must understand the original word thematically and
stylistically”; (2) “he must overcome the differences between the two linguistic
structures”; and (3) “he must reconstruct the stylistic structures of the original work
in his translation.”
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In the new millennium, in which cultural exchanges have been widening,
knowledge has been increasingly expanding and international communication has
been intensifying, the phenomenon of translation has become fundamental. Be it for
scientific, medical, technological, commercial, legal, cultural or literary purposes,
today human communication depends heavily on translation and, consequently,
interest in the field is also growing. By virtue of language, translation appears as the
significant scope to overcome the language border which make the process of
communication becomes better. The language border distracts the process of
absorbing information especially in the moment to gain information from the
scientific researches, books, or journals, or even an abstract column as the front
display to acknowledge the research in brief.
Furthermore, in this thesis, the writer will analyze the translation procedures
found in translating abstracts of students’ thesis of Social Sciences and Political
faculty from Bahasa into English. In Social Sciences and Political Faculty, the
students will make the abstract in Bahasa Indonesia and they translate it into English.
The writer will collect some abstracts from students who have finished writing their
thesis.
This study focuses on analyzing procedure since every translator has different
ways in doing translation based on the theory which the translator relies upon. By
analyzing the translation procedure, the writer would be able to find out the
perspective of the author in doing the translation of the abstract which will affect the
quality of the translation itself. In translation procedures, there are many theories
suggested by the experts and in this thesis, the writer applies Vinay and Dalbernet’s
theory (in Venuti, 2000:84).
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1.2 Problem of the Study
Based on the title of this proposal, “The Analysis of Translation Procedures in The
Abstracts of Students' Thesis of Social Sciences and Political Faculty”, there are two
problems of the study to be analyzed as follows:
1. What are the translation procedures used in the translation of the students’
abstracts?
2. What are the dominant translation procedures used in translation of the
abstracts?
1.3 Objective of the Study
Related to the problems above, the writer states some objectives to answer those
problems:
1. To find out the translation procedures used to translate the abstracts of the
students thesis.
2. To find out the dominant translation procedures in the translation of the
abstracts.
1.4 Scope of the Study
The study is focused on the five translated abstracts of students’ thesis of Faculty
of Social and Political Sciences from the major of Communication Studies and the
procedures of translation in translated abstracts.
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1.5 Signficances of Study
The significances of the study are as follows:
1.5.1 Theoritical Significance
The writer hopes that this study can be a reference and the guidance for students
and the teachers of translation in general; and the translator in particular subject to
enlarge the comprehension about the translation, especially about the procedures of
translation and to do other related researches about translation.
1.5.2 Practical Significance
The result of the study can become the reference to make a better awareness to
create thesis abstract through a good translation procedures
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Definition of Translation
Translation is the action of interpretation of the meaning of a text, and then
makes the translation product become equivalent. Communicating the same message
in another language also called as translation. The text to be translated is called the
source text, and the language it is to be translated into is called the target language;
the final product is sometimes called the target text. Crystal (1987:334) states that the
term ‘translation’ is the neutral term used for all tasks where the meaning of
expression in one language (source language) is turned into the meaning of (target
language), whether the medium is spoken, written, or signed. Translation is defined
as the process of transferring the idea or information from the source language (SL)
to the target language (TL).
There are so many definitions of translation that are suggested by the experts.
In this chapter the writer discusses them more clearly about the translation
definitions, some definitions of translation may be different as many experts
expresses their own thought or idea about the definition of translation. In this
chapter, the writer wants to discuss the definition based on Simatupang (1992),
Larson (1984), Newmark (1984), Nida and Taber (1974: 12) and Catford (1965),
Newmark (1984: 28) in his book A Textbook of Translation says “Translation
is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author
intended the text”. Here, Newmark said that translation was the way to find the
equivalence of meaning from source text into target text. Thus we may say that we
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reconstructing or reproducing the meaning inside the source language text into the
form of target language text.
Catford (1965: 20) states in his book A Linguistic Theorythat “Translation is
the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in
another language”. Here, Catford said that the important thing in process of
translation is a way to find the equivalent meaning between source language (SL)
and target language (TL) and the readers or listeners can understand and does not
misunderstanding with the meaning of translation product.
Larson (1984: 10) in Meaning-Based Translation states that “Translation
consists of studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation and
cultural context of the source language, analyzing it in order to determine its
meaning, then reconstructing the same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical
structure which appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context”.
From the Larson’s explanation above, it can be concluded that translation is
not an easy task to do, because every language has its own ways and grammatical
structure to say some terms that might be different with another language. In
translation there are many processes and procedures that must be mastered and
known such as, studying the source text, analyzing it, and reconstructing the
meaning.
In the Theory and Practice of Translation, Nida and Taber (1974 : 12) states
that “Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural
equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in
terms of style”. From here it can be concluded that in reproducing or transferring the
message, there is an equivalent relationship between SL and TL.
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Simatupang (1992: 2) in his book Pengantar Teori Terjemahan states
“Menerjemah adalah mengalihkan makna yang terdapat dalam Bahasa sumber ke
dalam Bahasa sasaran dan mewujudkannya kembali di dalam Bahasa sasaran
dengan bentuk-bentuk sewajar mungkin menurut aturan-aturan yang berlaku dalam
Bahasa sasaran”. Translation tries to transfer the meaning in Source Language to
Target Language in the form that best fit with the rules of target language.
In the Theory and Practice of Translation, Nida and Taber (1974 : 12)
statesthat “Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language the closest
natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and
secondly in terms of style”. Nida also stated about style. It refers to the stylistic of
linguistic aspect. The translator needs to pay attention to the style of source language
in order to maintain the naturalness the target language in the target text. So the
target readers could easily understand the content of the text.
From the five translation experts above, it can be concluded that translation is
the task that deals with two different kinds of language. The first is the source
language (SL), which is the language to be translated, and the second is target
language (TL) or the form of the language that become the target. Translation does
not only change the form but translation is a process of transferring the meaning
from source language (SL) to target language (TL), the important thing in translation
is the way to find the equivalent meaning in source language (SL) to target language
(TL). In transaltion process, there are some steps that must be done, studying the
source text, analyzing it, and reconstructing the meaning. So, a translator must know
about the process and procedure in translation.
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2.2 The Process of Translation
In translating the text, there are some processes that the translator has to go
through to make the translation appropriate with the original text. According to
Larson (1984:4) when translating a text, the translator’s goal is an idiomatic
translation which makes every effort to communicate their meaning of the SL text
into the natural forms of the receptor language. Furthermore, he states that translation
is concerned with the study of the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication
situation, and cultural context of the SL text, which is analysed in order to determine
its meaning. The discovered meaning is then re-expressed or reconstructed using the
lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language and
its cultural context. Larson simply presents the diagram of the translation process, as
follows;
Translation Process (Larson 1984:4)
Receptor Language Source Language
Translation Text to be Translated
Discover the Meaning Re-express the Meaning
MEANING
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2.3 Procedures of Translation
Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti and Baker, 2000:84) stated that at first the
different methods or procedures seem to be countless, but they can be condensed to
just seven, each one corresponding to a higher degree of complexity. In practice, they
may be used either on their own or combined with one or more of the others.
Furthermore, Vinay and Darbelnet explained that translators can choose from
two methods of translating, namely direct, or literal translation and oblique
translation. In some translation tasks it may be possible to transpose the source
language message element by element into the target language, because it is based on
either (i) parallel categories, in which case we can speak of structural parallelism, or
(ii) on parallel concepts, which are the result of metalinguistic parallelism. But
translators may also notice gaps, or “lacunae”, in the target language (TL) which
must be filled by corresponding elements, so that the overall impression is the same
for the two messages.
It may, however, also happen that, because of structural or metalinguistic
differences, certain stylistic effects cannot be transposed into the TL without
upsetting the syntactic order, or even the lexis. In this case it is understood that more
complex methods have to be used which at first may look unusual but which
nevertheless can permit translators a strict control over the reliability of their work:
these procedures are called oblique translation methods. In the listing which follows,
the first three procedures are direct and the others are oblique.
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Procedure 1: Borrowing
To overcome a lacuna, usually a metalinguistic one (e.g. new technical
process, an unknown concept), borrowing is the simplest of all translation methods.
For instance, in order to introduce the flavor of the source language (SL) culture into
a translation, foreign terms may be used, e.g. “dollars” and “party” from American
English, Mexican Spanish food names “tequila” and “tortillas” and so on. Some
well-established, mainly older borrowings are so widely used that they are no longer
considered as such and have become a part of the respective TL lexicon. In English
such words as “menu” and “hangar” are no longer considered to be borrowings. The
decision to borrow a SL word or expression for introducing an element of local
colour is a matter of style and consequently of the message (Vinay and Darbelnet, in
Venuti and Baker, 2000:85).
Procedure 2: Calque
A calque is a special kind of borrowing whereby a language borrows an
expression form of another, but then translates literally each of its elements. The
result is either (i) a lexical calque, as in the first example, below, i.e. a calque which
respects the syntactic structure of the TL, whilst introducing a new mode of
expression; or (ii) a structural calque, as in the second example, below, which
introduces a new construction into the language (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and
Baker, 2000:85).
Example:
English-Indonesian calque
Normal school Sekolah normal
Assistant manager Asisten manajer
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Procedure 3: Literal Translation
Literal, or word for word, translation is the direct transfer of a SL text into a
grammatically and idiomatically appropriate TL text in which he translators’ task is
limited to observing the adherence to the linguistic servitudes of the TL (Vinay and
Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:86).
Example:
Source Language : I wear red hat.
Target Language : Saya memakai topi merah.
If, after trying the first three procedures, translators regard a literal translation
unacceptable, they must turn to the methods of oblique translation. By unacceptable
we mean that the message, when translated literally
i gives another meaning, or
ii has no meaning, or
iii is structurally impossible, or
iv does not have a corresponding expression within the metalinguistic
experience of the TL, or
v has a corresponding expression, but not within the same register.
Procedure 4: Transposition
The method called transposition involves replacing one word class with
another without hanging the meaning of the message. In translation there are two
distinct types of transposition: (i) obligatory transposition, and (ii) optional
transposition (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:88). The structure
shifts found in translating English text into Indonesian text belong to obligatory
transposition due to the difference of language structure.
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Example:
1. Source Language : mechanical engineering (adjective)
Target Language : teknik mesin (noun)
2. Source Language : for the pursuit of happiness (noun)
Target Language : untuk mengejar kebahagiaan (verb)
3. Source Language : for good (adjective)
Target Language : untuk selamanya (adverb)
(Alzuhdy, 2014:189)
Procedure 5: Modulation
Modulation is a variation of the form of the message, obtained by a change in
the oint of view. This change can be justified when, although a literal, or even
transposed, translation results in a grammatically correct utterance, it is considered
unsuitable, unidiomatic or awkward in the TL (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and
Baker, 2000:89).
Example:
1. Source Language : You are going to have a child.
Target Language : Anda akan menjadi seorang bapak.
2. Source Language : I cut my finger.
Target Language : Jariku tersayat.
(Silalahi, 2009:83)
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Procedure 6: Equivalence
We have repeatedly stressed that one and the same situation can be rendered
by two texts using completely different stylistic and structural methods. In such cases
we are dealing with the method which produces equivalent texts. In general, proverbs
are perfect examples of equivalences (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker,
2000:90).
Source Language : Killing two birds with one stone
Target Language : Menyelam sambil minum air
(Nababan, 1999:32)
The method of creating equivalences is also frequently applied to idioms. For
example, “To talk through one’s hat” and “as like as two peas” cannot be translated
by means of calque.
Procedure 7: Adaptation
With the seventh method we reach the extreme limit of translation: it is used
in those cases where the type of situation being referred to by the SL message is
unknown in the TL culture. In such cases translators have a new situation that can be
considered as being equivalent. Adaptation can, therefore, be described as a special
kind of equivalence, a situational equivalence (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and
Baker, 2000:91).
Example:
Source Language : as white as snow
Target Language : seputih kapas
(Silalahi, 2009:81)
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2.4 Abstract
Wilkinson (1991) in The Scientist’s Handbook for Writing Papers and
Dissertation states that an abstract is a stand-alone statement that briefly conveys the
essential information of a paper, article, document or book; presents the objective,
methods, results, and conclusions of a research project; has a brief, non-repetitive
style.
Although an abstract appears as the first section of a paper, it should be written last.
You need to have completed all other sections before you can select and summarize
the essential information from those sections, an abstract involves boiling down the
essence of a whole paper into a single paragraph that conveys as much new
information as possible.
Many abstracts are published without the complete paper itself in abstract
journals or in online databases. Thus, an abstract might serve as the only means by
which a researcher determines what information a paper contains. Moreover, a
researcher might make a decision whether to read the paper or not based on the
abstract alone. Because of this need for self-contained compactness, an abstract must
convey the essential results of a paper.
According to Borko, Harold and Seymour Chatman (1963:149-160), there are
two types of abstracts: descriptive and informative. They have different aims, so as a
consequence they have different components and styles. There is also a third type
called critical, but it is rarely used.
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Descriptive abstracts
A descriptive abstract indicates the type of information found in the work. It makes
no judgments about the work, nor does it provide results or conclusions of the
research. It does incorporate key words found in the text and may include the
purpose, methods, and scope of the research. Essentially, the descriptive abstract
describes the work being abstracted. Some people consider it an outline of the work,
rather than a summary. Descriptive abstracts are usually very short—100 words or
less.
Informative abstracts
The majority of abstracts are informative. While they still do not critique or evaluate
a work, they do more than describe it. An informative abstract includes the
information that can be found in a descriptive abstract (purpose, methods, scope) but
also includes the results and conclusions of the research and the recommendations of
the author. The length varies according to discipline, but an informative abstract is
rarely more than 10% of the length of the entire work. In the case of a longer work, it
may be much less.
2.5 Previous Research
Tesya Pratiwi in her thesis entittled Translation Technique In The Translation of
Lauren Kate’s Novel “Torment” Into Bahasa Indonesia “Tersiksa” By Fanny
Yuanita. The data which is used in her thesis is taken from Lauren Kate’s novel
“Torment” and the translation “Tersiksa” which is translated by Fanny Yuanita. The
dominant technique which appeared in text is 21,79 % sentences with literal
translation, then 18,58 % sentences with modulation, 18,58 % sentences with
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transposition, 15,38 % sentences with calque, 15, 38 % sentences with equivalence,
and the last 12,17 % sentences with adaptation
Mei Shara Defani Nasution in her thesis in analyzing legal terms found the most
dominant procedure used in translating Indonesian Motor Vehicle Insurance is
transposition has the persentage with 26 occurences (42,62%), followed by literal
translation with 21 occurences (34,42%), borrowing with 9 occurences (14,75%),
equivalence with 3 occurences (4, 91%) and adaptation with 2 occurences (3, 27%).
Sari (2014) in her research “Translation Procedures Applied in Subtitling
English Idioms The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Movie into Indonesian” applied
Vinay and Darbelnet’s theory in analyzing translation procedures of the subtitle. The
result of the study shows that equivalence procedure is applied in 97.01% of the data,
adaptation procedure is applied in 2.24% of the data, and literal translation procedure
is applied in 0.75% of the data. The research also helps the writer in understanding
how to apply the translation procedures in the translated text.
The first up to the third studies help the writer in understanding how to apply the
translation procedures in the translated text. The previous research and the writer’s
research have similarity which is using Vinay and Darbernet’s theory in analyzing
translation techniques. Yet, they have difference in data and data resource.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
3. 1 Research Method
In this study, qualitative method will be used because the data which is
analyzed is explained descriptively. The data to be analyzed are in the form of phrase
and clause. Djajasudarma (2006: 11) states, “Metodolog ikualitatif merupakan
prosedur yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa data tertulis atau lisan di
masyarakat bahasa”. (Qualitative methodology is a procedure that produces
descriptive data in the form of written or oral language in society). He also says,
“Data yang dikumpulkan bukanlah angka – angka, dapa tberupa kata – kata atau
gambaran sesuatu. Hal tersebut sebagai akibat dari metode kualitatif. Ciri ini
merupakan ciri yang sejalan dengan penamaan kualitatif. Deskripsi merupakan
gambaran ciri – ciri data secara akurat sesuai dengan sifat alamiah itu
sendiri.”(Djajasudarma, 2006:16). (The collected data is not numbers, it can be
words or description of something. This is as a result of qualitative methods. This
feature is consistent with the qualitative naming. Description is the accurate
overview of the data’s features itself)
3.2 Data and Source Data
The data are the sentences containing in the abstract of the students’ thesis of
Social Sciences and Political Faculty both in English and Bahasa Indonesia. The
source data used in this research are five abstracts from five departments of Social &
Political Sciences Faculty issued in 2017. The departments are Sociology, Politics,
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Communication, Social Welfare and Administrasi Niaga/Bisnis. Source of data are
taken from the website of USU repository.usu.ac.id
3.3 Data Collecting Method
The method of the research applied is qualitative method, which is done by
applying the library research to get data or information related to the topic to support
the ideas. The source data are the abstracts taken from the website of USU
Repository repository.usu.ac.id. After reading the data, the data will be displayed and
analyzed as using content analysis.
3.4 Data Analysis Method
Three steps are applied in analyzing the data. Miles and Huberman (1994)
suggest that qualitative data analysis consists of three procedures, they are: (1) data
reduction, (2) data display, (3) Conclusion drawing/verification”.
First, the research started by collecting the data. Here, in this study the data
collection were done by reading the abstracts in Bahasa Indonesia and English. The
collected data were given a code, the source data are coded alphabetically and the
data are coded in numeral.
For example : 1a ( 1a is the senctence from the abstracts A)
Second, after collecting the data, reduction was done by reading the material
comprehensively and then identifying the sentences. Then the data were displayed. If
data collection and reduction have been done, conclusion and verification can be
made depending on the data display.
In analyzing the data, Vinay and Dalbernet theory(Venuti, 2000:84) was used
in order to find out the procedures applied in translating the abtracts.
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3.5 Data Percentage
In order to support the research and find out the most dominant procedures of
translation applied in translating the abtracts, this research is applid a formula
referring to “Educational Statisctic”, Butler (1985). The following is the formula
calculating the percentage of the data.
Table 1 : Educational Statistic
x 100% =
X : Number of subcategory of kind of translation procedures
Y : Number of all data
N : The percentage of subcategory of translation procedures
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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Discussion
This chapter contains analysis and finding. There are five abstracts from five
departments. Every abstracts was coded alphabetically. The explanation of the data
analysis was presented in analysis section. Meanwhile, in finding section, the types
of translation procedure in thesis abstracts and dominant translation procedures used
in translating the thesis abstracts would be revealed orderly in a data sheet.
4.2 Analysis
In this chapter, the data are in a form of sentences which contain translation
procedures proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (in Venuti and Baker, 2000:84-93).
4.2.1 Identifying the Translation Procedures
After collecting the data, the next step is to identify the translation procedures
that are found in the thesis abstracts. The data identification is shown in the table
below:
Data A (An abstract from Politics department)
Table 2 : Data A Identification
No. Source Language Target Language Translation
Procedure
1a
Kegiatan manusia
selalu membutuhkan
kepemimpinan.
The human activity are
always in need of
leadership
Transposition
2a
Semua organisasi
apapun jenisnya pasti
memiliki dan
memerlukan seorang
pimpinan tertinggiyang
harus menjalankan
All of organization
whatever its kind
exactly have and needs
a supreme leader who
runs the leadership
activity.
Literal
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kegiatan
kepemimpinan.
3a
Pemimpin adalah orang
yang mampu
mempengaruhi serta
membujuk pihak lain
agar melakukan
tindakan yang sesuai
dengan keinginannya.
A leader is a person
who able to influence
and persuade the other
people to do the thing
which he wants.
Equivalence
4a
Kepemimpinan
Militeristik
Otoritarian adalah
Kepemimpinan yang
memadukan antara
kepemimpinan yang
Militeristik dan
Otoriter, yaitu
kepemimpinan yang
sifatnya banyak
memberi komando atau
perintah kepada
bawahannya, yang
bersifat paksaan, serta
memiliki kekuasaan
yang bersifat absolut.
. The Militeristics
Authoritarian
Leadership is a kind of
leadership which
combined the
militeristics leadership
and authoritarian
leadership, which is a
leadership that gives
much of commandos or
orders to his
employees, which is
coercive, and have an
absolute power.
Literal
Calque
5a
Saloth Sar dan
Soeharto adalah
mantan pemimpin
negara Kamboja dan
Indonesia.
Saloth Sar and
Soeharto is an ex-
leader of Cambodia
and Indonesia.
Literal
6a
Kedua tokoh ini
memiliki pengaruh
yang sangat besar di
negara dimana
mereka memimpin
pada masa nya.
Both figures have big
influences in the
country which they
ruled.
Equivalence
7a
Kedua tokoh ini juga
dikenal sebagai
pemimpin yang sangat
keras dan kaku pada
saat mereka
memimpin di
Kamboja dan
Indonesia.
Both of them was
known as a strict and
rigid leader when they
were ruled in Cambodia and
Indonesia.
Literal
Modulation
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8a
Ini dapat dilihat dari
peraturan-peraturan
dan kebijakan-
kebijakan yang mereka
terapkan di masing-
masing negara pada
saat mereka
memimpin.
This can be seen from
the rules and policies
which they applied in
each countries when
they were ruled.
Literal
Modulation
9a
Penelitian ini mencoba
untuk menjelaskan dan
juga membandingkan
gaya kepemimpinan
militeristik dan otoriter
yang dimiliki oleh
Saloth Sar di Kamboja
pada tahun 1975-1979
dan Soeharto di
Indonesia pada periode
1965-1970.
This research is trying
to explained and also
to compared the
Militeristics
Authoritarian
leadership style who
owned by Saloth Sar in
Cambodia in 1975-
1979 and Soeharto in
Indonesia in 1965-
1970 period.
Literal
10a
Penelitian ini adalah
jenis penelitian
kualitatif dengan
menggunakan metode
Perbandingan.
This kind of research is
a qualitative research
using the comparative
method. This research
is a library research.
Literal
11a
Penelitian ini adalah
jenis penelitian studi
pustaka.
This research is a
library research.
Literal
12a
Sumber data yang
digunakan dalam
penelitian ini adalah
data sekunder, yang
diperoleh melalui
buku-buku, situs
internet, jurnal, dan
lainnya yang berkaitan
dengan penelitian ini.
The sources of data
which used in this
research are secondary
data, which is obtained
from the books,
websites, journal, and
others which related to
this research
Literal
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Data B (An abstract from Business Administration department)
Table 3 : Data B Identification
No. Source Language Target Language Transation
Procedure
1b
Dalam pembangunan
ekonomi, perubahan
kesejahteraan
masyarakat merupakan
bagian yang tidak
terpisahkan.
In economic
development, changes
in public welfare are
an inseparable part.
Literal
2b
Hal ini dikarenakan
pembangunan
ekonomi dikatakan
berhasil jika tingkat
kesejahteraan
masyarakat semakin
baik.
Its because economic
development called
successful if the level of
public welfare is
getting higher.
Literal
3b
Saat ini pembangunan
bukan hanya diberikan
oleh pemerintah,
namun perusahaan-
perusahaan yang
dikelola negeri
maupun swasta juga
turut andil dalam
melaksanakan program
pembangunan
ekonomi.
Nowdays, economic
development not only
given by the
government but state
companies and private
companies also
contribute in economic
development programs.
Literal
Equivalence
4b
Hal inilah yang
mendasari
munculnya corporate
social responsibility.
It is the underlying
emergence of corporate social
responsibility.
Equivalence
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5b
Tujuan dari penelitian
ini adalah untuk
menganalisis
besarnya pengaruh dari implementasi
corporate social
responsibility PT.
Kawasan Industri
Medan (Persero)
terhadap kesejahteraan
masyarakat yang ada
di Kelurahan
Tangkahan, Medan
Labuhan.
. The purpose of this
research was to
determine whether
there is influence from
implementation of
corporate social
responsibility PT.
Kawasan Industri
Medan (Persero) to
public welfare on
Kecamatan
Tangkahan, Medan
Labuhan.
Equivalence
6b
Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode
penelitian kuantitatif
dengan pendekatan
asosiatif.
Forms of this research is associative with
quantitative approach.
Equivalence
7b
Metode pengumpulan
data adalah dengan
menyebarkan
kuesioner, dan studi
kepustakaan.
Methods of data
collection is
byquestioner, and
literature study.
Literal
8b
Jumlah sampel yang
diteliti adalah 94
orang.
The number of samples
studied were 94 people.
Literal
9b
Metode yang
digunakan dalam
penelitian ini adalah
analisis regresi linier
sederhana, dan uji
hipotesis yang terdiri
dari koefisien
determinasi dan uji parsial (uji t).
. The method used in
this study is a simple
linear regression
analysis, and
hypothesis testing
which consists of a
coefficient of
determination and partial test (t test).
Literal
10b
Proses perhitungan
data menggunakan
software statistic
yakniSPSS for
windows versi 21.
The process of
calculating the data
using statistical
software SPSS version
21 for windows.
Literal
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11b
Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa
variabel implementasi
corporate social
responsibility secara
parsial, menunjukkan
t-hitung (5,383) > t-
tabel (1,986) dengan
sig. sebesar 0 yang
berarti variabel
implementasi
corporate social
responsibility
berpengaruh positif
dan signifikan
terhadap kesejahteraan
masyarakat.
The results showed that
the implementation of
corporate social
responsinility variable
partial, shows thitung
(5,383)> ttable (1,986)
with sig. amounted to
0, which means the
implementation of
corporate social
responsinility variable
is positive and
significant impact on
public welfare.
Literal
12b
Analisis koefisien
determinasi (R
Square)sebesar 0.240
yang berarti
kesejahteraan
masyarakat yang ada
di Kelurahan
Tangkahan, Medan
Labuhan dapat
dipengaruhi oleh
implementasi
corporate social
responsibility PT.
Kawasan Industri
Medan (Persero)
sebesar 24%
sedangkan sisanya
76% dipengaruhi oleh
faktor lain yang tidak
dijelaskan dalam
penelitian ini.
Coefficient of
determination (R
Square) is 0.240 which
means that public
welfare can be
influenced by
implementation of
corporate social
responsinility
amounted to 24% while
the remaining 76% was
influenced by other
factors not described in
this study.
Literal
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Data C (An abstract from Communication department)
Table 4 : Data C Identification
No. Source Language Target Language Translation
Procedure
1c
Penelitian ini berjudul
Motif Ibu Rumah
Tangga Menonton Tayangan Sinetron
(Studi Analisis
Deskriptif Motivasi Ibu
Rumah Tangga Di
Setia Budi Tanjung
Sari Pasar 1 Medan
Dalam Menonton
Tayangan Sinetron).
This research entitled
Motive Housewife
Watching Sinetron
Impression (Study of
Descriptive Analysis
of Housewife
Motivation In Setia
Budi Tanjung Sari
Market 1 Medan In
Watching Sinetron
Impressions).
Literal
Borrowing
2c
Tujuan penelitian ini
adalah untuk
mengetahui motif Ibu
Rumah Tangga di Setia
Budi Tanjung Sari
Pasar 1 Medan dalam
Menonton Tayangan
Sinetron.
The purpose of this
study is to determine
the motives of
Housewives in Setia
Budi Tanjung Sari
Market 1 Medan in
Watching Sinetron
Impressions.
Literal
Borrowing
3c
Teori yang digunakan
dalam penelitian ini
adalah Uses and
Gratification, Televisi,
Sinetron, dan Motif.
The theory used in this
research is Uses and
Gratification,
Television, Sinetron,
and Motif.
Literal
Borrowing
4c
Penelitian ini bersifat
deskriptif yang
bertujuan untuk
menggambarkan secara
tepat sifat – sifat suatu
individu, keadaan,
gejala, atau kelompok
tertentu, atau untuk
menentukan frekuensi
atau penyebaran suatu
gejala atau frekuensi
adanya hubungan
tertentu antara suatu
gejala dengan gejala
lain dalam masyarakat.
This study is
descriptive in order to
accurately describe
the properties of a
particular individual,
state, symptom, or
group, or to determine
the frequency or
spread of a symptom
or the frequency of a
particular relationship
between a symptom
and other symptoms in
society.
Literal
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5c
Populasi dalam
penelitian ini adalah
Ibu – ibu Rumah
Tangga di Setia Budi
Tanjung Sari Pasar 1
Medan yang berjumlah
360 orang.
The population in this
study were housewives
at Setia Budi Tanjung
Sari Pasar 1 Medan
which amounted to
360 people.
Literal
6c
Teknik penarikan
sampel yang digunakan
adalah propotional
random sampling
mengambil 10% dari
jumlah populasi yang
menjadikan populasi
berjumlah 67 orang.
The sampling
technique used is
propotional random
sampling taking 10%
of the total population
which makes the
population amounted
to 67 people.
Literal
7c
Teknik pengumpulan
data yang digunakan
dalam penelitian ini
melalui dua cara yaitu
Penelitian Lapangan
dan Studi Kepustakaan
Data collection
techniques used in this
study through two
ways: Field Research
and Library Studies.
Literal
8c
Teknik analisis data
yang digunakan adalah
Analisis Tabel
Tunggal.
Data analysis
technique used is
Single Table Analysis.
Literal
9c
Menurut Nielsen
perempuan menonton
sinetron paling lama
rata – rata 3 jam 47
menit.
According to Nielsen
women watch the
longest sinetron on
average 3 hours 47
minutes.
Literal
Borrowing
10c
Maka intensitas
responden dalam
menonton tayangan
sinetron berdasarkan
persentase 50,7%.
So the intensity of
respondents in
watching soap opera
impressions based on
50.7% percentage.
Literal
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11c
Angka tersebut
menunjukkan bahwa
intensitas Ibu – ibu
Rumah Tangga dalam
menonton Tayangan
Sinetron cukup tinggi.
The figure shows that
the intensity of
housewives in
watching the Sinetron
Impression is quite
high.
Literal
Borrowing
Data D (An abstract from Social Welfare department)
Table 5 : Data D Identification
No. Source Language Target Language Translation
Procedure
1d
Pengemis penggendong
anak yang dimaksud
ialah orang yang
meminta-minta dan
memelas belas kasihan
orang lain dengan cara
menggendong atau
membawa anak.
The beggars involving
children is the person
who begs and elicits the
mercy of others by
carrying or carrying a
child.
Literal
2d
Pengemis yang
menggendong anak
dengan tujuan agar
dapat mempengaruhi
dan melahirkan
perasaan iba bagi orang
yang melihat, tak hanya
membawa satu anak
pengemis ini bahkan
ada yang membawa dua
orang anak.
Beggars who carry a
child in order to
influence and give birth
to feelings of
compassion for those
who see, not only bring
one child beggars and
some even bring two
children.
Literal
3d
Anak-anak ini diajak
agar orang-orang
semakin kasihan
melihat mereka
padahal ibunya sangat
sehat.
These children are
invited to make people
feel sorry for them
when their mother is
very healthy.
Equivalence
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4d
Faktor ekonomi yang
kurang mampu
merupakan faktor yang
paling mempengaruhi
sehingga mereka
mereka masuk ke dalam
dunia mengemis.
The economically
disadvantaged factors
are the most influencing
factors so that they
enter into the world of
begging.
Literal
5d
Metode yang digunakan
dalam penelitian ini
adalah penelitian
eksploratif dengan
metode kualitatif yaitu
dengan wawancara
kepada 4 informan
utama 1 informan kunci
dan 6 informan
tambahan.
The method used in this
research is explorative
research with
qualitative method that
is by interview to 4
main informant 1 key
informant and 2
additional informant.
Literal
6d
Penelitian dilaksanakan
di lokasi sekitar Mesjid
Agung Medan.
The research was
conducted at the
location of Mesjid
Agung Medan.
Literal
Borrowing
7d
Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa
pengemis penggendong
anak membawa anak
dan cucu kandung
mereka untuk
melakukan kegiatan
mengemis.
The results show that
beggars bring their
children and
grandchildren to do
begging activities.
Literal
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8d
Pengemis penggendong
anak yang melakukan
kegiatan di lokasi
Mesjid Agung Medan
memiliki anggapan
bahwa para jamaah
yang akan sholat lebih
mudah tersentuh hatinya
apalagi melihat anak
yang dibawa mereka.
Beginner beggars who
perform activities in the
location of the Great
Mosque of Medan has
the assumption that the
pilgrims who will pray
more easily touched his
heart let alone see the
children they brought.
Literal
9d
Pengunjung Mesjid
Agung Medan usianya
beragam mulai dari
muda-mudi sampai
orang tua.
Visitors of the Great
Mosque of Medan age
range from young
people to parents.
Literal
10d
Setiap kali mengemis di
lokasi ini pengemis
penggendong anak bisa
mendapatkan sampai
uang empat puluh ribu
rupiah.
Every time begging at
this location beggars
beggars can earn up to
forty thousand dollars.
Literal
11d
Jumlah tersebut cukup
untuk memenuhi
kebutuhan hidup
mereka.
The amount is enough
to meet their life needs.
Equivalence
12d
Apabila kondisi ini
diteruskan , maka akan
berakibat pada
maraknya praktek
mengemis yang
melibatkan anak dan
menjurus kepada
merosotnya mental
bangsa Indonesia.
If this condition
continues, it will result
in widespread begging
practices that involve
children and lead to the
mental decline of the
Indonesian nation.
Literal
Modulation
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Data E (An abstracts from Sociology department)
Table 6 : Data E Identification
No. Source Language Target Language Translation
Procedure
1e
Penelitian ini di latar
belakangi oleh masalah
kberadaan wisata
kuliner membawak
perubahan sosial
masyarakat dengan
mendatangkan aktivitas
wisata maka masyarakat
dapat terlibat dalam
suatu aktivitas yang
mengakibatkan
perubahan sosial terjadi.
This research in the
background by the
problem of culinary
tourism bringing social
change of society by
bringing in tourism
activity hence society
can be involved in an
activity that cause social
change happened.
Literal
2e
Tidak hanya itu
pengunjung yang pesat
membawa pengaruh
bagi masyarakat sekitar
karena Desa Bagan
Percut merupakan Desa
yang sebelumnya tidak
ada aktivitas wisata
sehingga keberadaan
wisata kuliner
membawa masyarakat
dalam suatu perubahan.
Not only that the visitors
who rapidly bring
influence to the
surrounding community
because the Village
Bagan Percut is a
village that previously
no tourism activities so
that the existence of
culinary tourism to
bring the community in
a change.
Literal
3e
Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengtahui
perubahan sosial apa
saja yang terjadi pada
masyarakat Desa Bagan
Percut terkait
keberadaan Wisata
kuliner.
This study aims to
mengtahui social
changes what happens
to the people of Bagan
Percut Village related to
the existence of culinary
Tour.
Literal
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4e
Penelitian ini mengguna
metode kualitatif
dengan jenis deskriptif
dan adapun lokasi
penelitian yaitu Desa
Bagan Percut
Kecamatan Percut Sei
Tuan Kab. Deli
Serdang.
This research uses
qualitative method with
descriptive type and
while the research
location is Bagan
Percut Village Percut
Sei Tuan District. Deli
Serdang.
Literal
5e
Teknik pengambilan
sampling yaitu dengan
cara menentukan
karakteristik sendiri
(purposive sampling)
dan teknik pengumpulan
data yang dilakukan
dengan menggunakan
data primer dan data
sekunder melalui
observasi, wawancara
dan dokumentasi.
Sampling technique is
by determining its own
characteristics
(purposive sampling)
and data collection
techniques conducted by
using primary data and
secondary data through
observation, interview
and documentation.
Literal
6e
Hasil penelitian ini yaitu
masyarakat mengalami
perubahan sosial 1).
Hubungan Sosial
Berdasarkan Azas
Kepentingan
2).Munculnya Konflik
3). Perubahan Pola
Perilaku Menjadi Lebih
Giat 4). Perubahan Pola
Perilaku Menjadi
Individual 5).
Munculnya Organisasi
Baru 6). Perubahan
Gaya Busana 7).
Masyarakat Lebih
Mengetahui Merk dan
Tempat Rekreasi.
The result of this
research is the society
experiencing social
change 1). Social
Relations Based on the
Azas Interests 2) .The
Emergence of Conflict
3). Changes in Behavior
Behavior 4). Changes in
Behavioral Patterns Be
Individual 5). The
Emergence of New
Organizations 6).
Change Fashion Style
7). People Know More
Brand and Place of
Recreation.
Literal
Borrowing
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4.2.2 Classifying and Analyzing The Data Based on The Translation Procedure
4.2.2.1 Borrowing
To overcome a lacuna, usually a metalinguistic one (e.g. new technical
process, an unknown concept), borrowing is the simplest of all translation methods.
For instance, in order to introduce the flavor of the source language (SL) culture into
a translation, foreign terms may be used, e.g. “dollars” and “party” from American
English, Mexican Spanish food names “tequila” and “tortillas” and so on. Some
well-established, mainly older borrowings are so widely used that they are no longer
considered as such and have become a part of the respective TL lexicon. In English
such words as “menu” and “hangar” are no longer considered to be borrowings. The
decision to borrow a SL word or expression for introducing an element of local
colour is a matter of style and consequently of the message (Vinay and Darbelnet, in
Venuti and Baker, 2000:85). The use of borrowing procedure can be found in:
Data no. 1c, 2c, 3c, 9c, 11c, 6d, 6e.
Total Data 7
Example 1: Data no. 1c
Source Language Target Language
Penelitian ini berjudul Motif Ibu Rumah
Tangga Menonton Tayangan Sinetron
(Studi Analisis Deskriptif Motivasi Ibu
Rumah Tangga Di Setia Budi Tanjung
Sari Pasar 1 Medan Dalam Menonton
Tayangan Sinetron).
This research entitled Motive Housewife
Watching Sinetron Impression (Study of
Descriptive Analysis of Housewife
Motivation In Setia Budi Tanjung Sari
Market 1 Medan In Watching Sinetron
Impressions).
From the data above, the translator absorbed the original term Sinetron from
the source language (Indonesia) to target language in the same lexic. The borrowing
does exist in this sentence proven that the translator does not utilize the other lexic
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(word) to substitute the meaning of Sinetron. In English, Sinetron is translated into
Soap Opera, but in particular meaning, it will be interpreted differently. The word
Sinetron originally comes from Indonesia (Bahasa). That is to say, the translator still
use word Sinetron.
Example 2: Data no. 6d
Source Language Target Language
Penelitian dilaksanakan di lokasi sekitar
Mesjid Agung Medan.
The research was conducted at the
location of Mesjid Agung Medan.
From the data above, the writer found that the translation product points that
the use of borrowing in the sentence. It is indicated by the borrowing word Mesjid
from the source language (Indonesia) to target language (English). Eventhough the
writer finds that there is another word in English to point Mesjid, that is to say
Mosque, but the translator chose the original form Mesjid because the translator
intended to refer a name of a Mosque, not to point a kind of building.
4.2.2.2 Calque
A calque is a special kind of borrowing whereby a language borrows an expression
form of another, but then translates literally each of its elements (Vinay and
Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:85). The use of calque procedure can be found
in:
Data no. 4a.
Total Data 1
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Example 1: Data no. 4a
Source Language Target Language
Kepemimpinan Militeristik
Otoritarian adalah Kepemimpinan yang
memadukan antara kepemimpinan yang
Militeristik dan Otoriter, yaitu
kepemimpinan yang sifatnya banyak
memberi komando atau perintah kepada
bawahannya, yang bersifat paksaan, serta
memiliki kekuasaan yang bersifat
absolut.
. The Militeristics Authoritarian
Leadership is a kind of leadership which
combined the militeristics leadership and
authoritarian leadership, which is a
leadership that gives much of commandos
or orders to his employees, which is
coercive, and have an absolute power.
From the data above, the writer found from the translation product to use
Calque. It is indicated that there is a language borrows an expression form of
another, but then translates literally each of its elements. It refers to structural calque
whereby there is a partial borrowing that adjusted into target language based
pronounciation. It is particularly happened in phrase Militeristik Otoritarian to
Militaristics Authoritarian. The structure is same, but the writing form is genuinely
adjusted.
4.2.2.3 Literal Translation
Literal, or word for word, translation is the direct transfer of a SL text into a
grammatically and idiomatically appropriate TL text in which he translators’ task is
limited to observing the adherence to the linguistic servitudes of the TL (Vinay and
Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:86). The use of literal procedure can be found
in:
Data no. 2a, 4a, 5a, 7a, 8a, 9a, 10a, 11a, 12a, 1b, 2b, 3b, 7b, 8b, 9b, 10b, 11b,
12b, 1c, 2c, 3c, 4c, 5c, 6c, 7c, 8c, 9c, 11c, 1d, 2d, 4d, 5d, 6d, 7d, 8d,
9d, 10d, 12d, 1e, 2e, 3e, 4e, 5e, 6e.
Total Data 44
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Example 1: Data no. 10b
Source Language Target Language
Proses perhitungan data menggunakan
software statistic yakni SPSS for
windows versi 21.
The process of calculating the data using
statistical software SPSS version 21 for
windows.
From the data above, the writer found that there is a usage of Literal
Translation in the sentence. Especially in the sentence Proses perhitungan data
menggunakan into The Process of calculating the data using. The syntactic form is
same, in which consists of subject, predicate related its order.
Example 2: Data no. 8b
Source Language Target Language
Jumlah sampel yang diteliti adalah 94
orang.
The number of samples studied were 94
people.
In the example above, the sentences are translated directly from the source
language and follow closely the form of the source language. The syntactic form
does not change at all, either the passive form, the component of word elements
(noun, adejctive, verb). In this sentence, the translator used the literal translation as a
whole, because it originally does not need any adjustments.
4.2.2.4 Transposition
The method called transposition involves replacing one word class with
another without hanging the meaning of the message. In translation there are two
distinct types of transposition: (i) obligatory transposition, and (ii) optional
transposition (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:88). The structure
shifts found in translating English text into Indonesian text belong to obligatory
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transposition due to the difference of language structure. The use of transposition
procedure can be found in:
Data no. 1a.
Total Data 1
Example 1: Data no. 1a
Source Language Target Language
Kegiatan manusia selalu membutuhkan
kepemimpinan.
The human activity are always in need of
leadership
From the data above, the writer found that there is a usage of transposition
especially in word Membutuhkan in source language (Indonesian) with its meaning
as verb. However, in the target language (English) it is changed into in need of as a
noun phrase without any meaning changing from the source language into target
language. So in this case, the word class is shifted from verb into noun phrase.
4.2.2.5 Modulation
Modulation is a variation of the form of the message, obtained by a change in
the point of view. This change can be justified when, although a literal, or even
transposed, translation results in a grammatically correct utterance, it is considered
unsuitable, unidiomatic or awkward in the TL (Vinay and Darbelnet, in Venuti and
Baker, 2000:89).
The use of modulation procedure can be found in:
Data no. 7a, 8a, 12d.
Total Data 3
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Example 1: Data no. 8a
Source Language Target Language
Ini dapat dilihat dari peraturan-peraturan
dan kebijakan-kebijakan yang mereka
terapkan di masing-masing negara pada
saat mereka memimpin.
This can be seen from the rules and
policies which they applied in each
countries when they were ruled.
In the data above, the change of point of view can be seen from the clause
‘pada saat mereka memimpin’ that is translated into ‘when they were ruled’. In the
source language (Indonesian) the writer found that the sentence is in active form
which it contains active verb that is to say Memimpin. However, in the target
language (English) the writer found that the sentence is changed into passive form. In
this case, the point of view in both sentence is different.
Example 2: Data no. 12d
Source Language Target Language
Apabila kondisi ini diteruskan , maka
akan berakibat pada maraknya praktek
mengemis yang melibatkan anak dan
menjurus kepada merosotnya mental
bangsa Indonesia.
If this condition continues, it will result
in widespread begging practices that
involve children and lead to the mental
decline of the Indonesian nation.
From the data above, the writer found that there is a modulation process
happened. In this case in source language (Indonesian) in the partial sentence Kondisi
ini diteruskan is identified as a passive form. On the other hand, in target language
(English), the form is changed into active form with the active verb. In this case, the
point of view in both sentence is different.
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4.2.2.6 Equivalence
We have repeatedly stressed that one and the same situation can be rendered
by two texts using completely different stylistic and structural methods. In such cases
we are dealing with the method which produces equivalent texts (Vinay and
Darbelnet, in Venuti and Baker, 2000:90). The method of creating equivalences is
also frequently applied to idioms. For example, “To talk through one’s hat” and “as
like as two peas” cannot be translated by means of calque. The use of equivalence
procedure can be found in:
Data no. 3a, 6a, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 3d, 11d.
Total Data 8
Example 1: Data no. 11d
Source Language Target Language
Jumlah tersebut cukup untuk memenuhi
kebutuhan hidup mereka.
The amount is enough to meet their life
needs.
In example 1, the translator uses completely different stylistic and structural
methods in translating ‘untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup mereka’ and ‘to meet their
life needs.’ into the target language. This is because if the words are to be translated
by following the structure of the source language, it will result in inappropriate
meaning. It uses the contextual noun to be defined naturally in target language.
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Example 2: Data no. 3d
Source Language Target Language
Anak-anak ini diajak agar orang-orang
semakin kasihan melihat mereka
padahal ibunya sangat sehat.
These children are invited to make
people feel sorry for them when their
mother is very healthy.
From the data above, the writer found that there is a modulation happened in
a part of a sentence especially in agar orang-orang semakin kasihan melihat mereka
into “to make people feel sorry for them”. It is related to the culture in target
language. While notably in source language there is no predicate to explain about the
word event. It is contrary different in culture of target language which puts predicate
(verb) as an essential part in a sentence. Therefore, the translator uses equivalence
process to make the translation procedure sounds natural.
4.2.2.7 Adaptation
The writer does not find any data related to the Adaptation procedure of
translation.
4.3 Data Findings
After analysis the data, the writer acknowledge that there are 44 cases of
literal translation, 8 cases of equivalence, 7 cases for borrowing, 3 cases for
modulation, 1 case for Calque and 1 case of transposition which are presented in the
data analysis to determine which translation procedure used in the various sentences
in thesis abstracts. There are no cases of adaptation found from the data which are
analyzed. The writer uses “educational statistic’ Butler (1985) to count the
percentage of each procedure. Therefore, by virtue of the calculation, the writer
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intends to emphasize that the problem to identify translation procedures used in the
translation of the students’ abstracts.
The table below shows the percentage of the translation procedures found in
the data, to answer the second problem in this research.
Table 7 : Table of Translation Procedures in Thesis Abstracts
No. Translation Procedures Total Data
Number Percentage
1 Literal 44 68,75 %
2 Equivalence 8 12,5 %
3 Borrowing 7 10,93 %
4 Modulation 3 4,68 %
5 Calque 1 1,56 %
6 Transposition 1 1,56 %
From the table above, it indicates the dominant translation procedure used by
the translator is Literal translation whereby literal translation is to translate word or
an expression word for word. In particular, the literal translation is appropriate to
apply, however in the translation procedure, the variation of translation procedure
should be able to maximize the quality of a translation product. There are some
factors that influence on how a translation doer predominantly applies one particular
procedure. Especially, in this case Literal translation is a dominant used-procedure
which has reached 68,75% meaning that it covers more than 50% or half of total
sentences on several abstracts as data by majority of the translator of the thesis
abstratcs in Social and Political Science Faculty.
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There are so many assumptions of the writer to identify why the dominant
translation procedure used in majority of thesis abstract. Firsly, it is possible that the
translator is biased with the source language’s form and syntactical format. Secondly,
the translator predominantly only concerned with a single translation procedure that
the translator mastered. Thirdly, there is a particular reason related to the translator
does not master in advance other procedures that makes the majority of translation
procedure only utilized the literal translation. Forthly, it is possible that the translator
is quite unfamiliar with the target language that is to make the cultural translation
does not run naturally.
The writer acknowledge that from the background of the translator of thesis
abstracts of Social and Political Science Faculty, it refers to the capability of the
students in English competency and moreover the limited understanding of
translation material given to them in matrix of curriculum. On the other hand, the
writer acknowldege that the result of English translation on students’ abstracts of
Social and Political Science Faculty show that there is a tendency of unawareness of
students to quality of translation that is crucial enough to influence the perseption of
the reader to a scientific research through observing abstracts to begin with.
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CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
After doing the whole analysis of the thesis abstracts of Social and Political
Sciences Faculty and its translation, it can be concluded that:
1. There are six translation procedures applied out of seven translation
procedures by Vinay and Dalbernet. The six translation procedures are
borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, and
equivalence. Whereas adaptation is found in none of the text.
2. The most dominant procedure used in translated thesis abstracts of Social and
Political Sciences faculty is Literal Translation with 44 occurrences
(68,75%), followed by equivalence with 8 occurrences (12,5%), borrowing
with 7 occurrences (10,93%), modulation with 3 occurrences (4,68%),
transposition with 1 occurrence (1,56%) and calque with 1 occurrence
(1,56%).
5.2 Suggestion
After conducting the study, the writer would like to give some suggestions for
translating Bahasa Indonesia into English. As translation is an effort of finding
equivalent meaning of a text into the target language, a good translator should be
familiar with the culture, history and beliefs not only of the language he speaks but
also the source language he would translate into his own language in order to avoid
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misinterpretation in conveying meaning. Knowing how to speak two languages is not
the same thing as knowing how to translate. There are rules and cultural differences
to be considered in both languages. Looking at the result of the assessment, the
writer suggests to make improvement to the translation of the book into Bahasa
Indonesia so that it can be more easily understood by the intended readers.
The writer acknowldege that the thesis abstract is one of the most essential
past in writing scientific research (thesis). It foresees the whole content of the
research in brief and complex content. It also attracts the readers to see and knowing
more about one particular scientific research. Especially, the scientific research
nowadays has been internationally published in network references. So, the writer
really concerns on how effective a translation in thesis abstract to give right
understanding about a research to anticipate any misunderstanding.
The writer also wants to suggest that translation subject in this department
can be taught more specifically because there are many subjects in this field that can
be translate such as; legal document, medical journal, economical journal, etc. So, we
have to know more about translation procedures, translation techniques, translation
method and so on. Finally, the writer expect that this research can make a good
awareness to translation and this research can make contribution to further research.
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REFERENCES
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Longman.
Benjamins, J. 2006. Translation Studies at the Interface of Disciplines.
Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Borko, H. and Seymour. C. 1963. "Criteria for Acceptable Abstracts: A Survey of
Abstracters' Instructions." American Documentation (149-160) Chapel Hill:
The Writing Center. University of North Carolina;
Bull, V. 2008. Oxford: Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Catford, J. C. 1965. A Linguistik Theory of Translation. London: Oxford University
Press.
Crystal. D. 1987.The Cambridge encyclopedia of language. Cambridge: Cambridge
University.
Day. R. A. 1998. How to Write Published and A Scientific Paper. Phoenix : The
Oryx Press
Djajasudarma, Hj. T. F. 2006. Metode Linguistik: Ancangan Metode Penelitian dan
Kajian. Bandung: PT Refika Aditama.
Hatim, B. 2001. Teaching and researching translation. Harlow: Pearson Education.
Houghton. B. 1975. Scientific Periodicals: Their Historical Development,
Characteristics, and Control. Hamden : Shoe String Press.
Larson, M. 1984. Meaning-Based Translation. New York : University Press of
America, Inc.
Miles, M. B. and Huberman A. M. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods
Sourcebook. London : Sage.
Muchtar, M. 2013. Penerjemahan :Teori, Praktik, danKajian. Medan: Bartong Jaya.
Munday, J. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications.
London: Routledge
Newmark, P. 1984. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall
Nida, E., and Charles T. 1974. The Theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden:
E.J.Brill.
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Pratiwi, T. 2015. Translation Technique In The Translation of Lauren Kate’s Novel
“Torment” Into Bahasa Indonesia “Tersiksa” By Fanny Yuanita. Medan :
Universitas Sumatera Utara (Unpublished)
Sari, W. V. 2014. Translation Procedures Applied in Subtitling English Idioms in
“The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey” Movie into Indonesian. Medan:
Fakultas Ilmu Budaya USU (Unpublished)
Simatupang, M. D. S. 1992. Pengantar Teori Terjemahan. Jakarta: Departement
Pendidikan Nasional.
Venutti, L. 2000. The Translation Studies Reader. London: Routledge.
Vinay, J.-P., & Darbelnet, J. 1958/2000. A Methodology for Translation. [An excerpt
from Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A Methodology for
Translation, trans. and eds. J. C. Sager & M.-J. Hamel, Amsterdam: John
Benjamins, 1995, first published in 1958 as Stylistique comparée du français et
de l’anglais. Méthode de traduction] In L. Venuti (Ed.), The Translation
Studies Reader. London: Routledge.
Wilkinson. A.M. 1991. The Scientist's Handbook for Writing Papers and
Dissertations. New Jersey: Prentice Hall
April 6, 2011. Summaries and Abstracts. Retrieved from
https://coursedev.umuc.edu/WRTG999A/chapter3/ch3-14.html (September 21,
2017)
October, 1997. How to Write an Abstract. Retrieved from
https://users.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/essays/abstract.html (September 21, 2017)
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http://repository.usu.ac.id/handle/123456789/92 (October 5, 2017)
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APPENDICES
Data A
No. Source Language Target Language
1a
Kegiatan manusia selalu
membutuhkan
kepemimpinan.
The human activity are
always in need of leadership
2a
Semua organisasi apapun
jenisnya pasti memiliki dan
memerlukan seorang
pimpinan tertinggiyang
harus menjalankan kegiatan
kepemimpinan.
All of organization whatever
its kind exactly have and
needs a supreme leader who
runs the leadership activity.
3a
Pemimpin adalah orang yang
mampu mempengaruhi serta
membujuk pihak lain agar
melakukan tindakan yang
sesuai dengan keinginannya.
A leader is a person who
able to influence and
persuade the other people to
do the thing which he wants.
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4a
Kepemimpinan Militeristik
Otoritarian adalah
Kepemimpinan yang
memadukan antara
kepemimpinan yang
Militeristik dan Otoriter,
yaitu kepemimpinan yang
sifatnya banyak memberi
komando atau perintah
kepada bawahannya, yang
bersifat paksaan, serta
memiliki kekuasaan yang
bersifat absolut.
. The Militeristics
Authoritarian Leadership is
a kind of leadership which
combined the militeristics
leadership and authoritarian
leadership, which is a
leadership that gives much of
commandos or orders to his
employees, which is
coercive, and have an
absolute power.
5a
Saloth Sar dan Soeharto
adalah mantan pemimpin
negara Kamboja dan
Indonesia.
Saloth Sar and Soeharto is
an ex-leader of Cambodia
and Indonesia.
6a
Kedua tokoh ini memiliki
pengaruh yang sangat besar
di negara dimana mereka
memimpin pada masa nya.
Both figures have big
influences in the country
which they ruled. Both of
them was known as a strict
and rigid leader when they
were ruled in Cambodia and
Indonesia.
7a
Kedua tokoh ini juga dikenal
sebagai pemimpin yang
sangat keras dan kaku pada
saat mereka memimpin di
Kamboja dan Indonesia.
Both of them was known as a
strict and rigid leader when
they were ruled in Cambodia
and Indonesia.
8a
Ini dapat dilihat dari
peraturan-peraturan dan
kebijakan-kebijakan yang
mereka terapkan di masing-
masing negara pada saat
mereka memimpin.
This can be seen from the
rules and policies which they
applied in each countries
when they were ruled.
9a
Penelitian ini mencoba untuk
menjelaskan dan juga
membandingkan gaya
This research is trying to
explained and also to
compared the Militeristics
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x
kepemimpinan militeristik
dan otoriter yang dimiliki
oleh Saloth Sar di Kamboja
pada tahun 1975-1979 dan
Soeharto di Indonesia pada
periode 1965-1970.
Authoritarian leadership
style who owned by Saloth
Sar in Cambodia in 1975-
1979 and Soeharto in
Indonesia in 1965-1970
period.
10a
Penelitian ini adalah jenis
penelitian kualitatif dengan
menggunakan metode
Perbandingan.
This kind of research is a
qualitative research using
the comparative method.
This research is a library
research.
11a Penelitian ini adalah jenis
penelitian studi pustaka.
This research is a library
research.
12a
Sumber data yang digunakan
dalam penelitian ini adalah
data sekunder, yang
diperoleh melalui buku-
buku, situs internet, jurnal,
dan lainnya yang berkaitan
dengan penelitian ini
The sources of data which
used in this research are
secondary data, which is
obtained from the books,
websites, journal, and others
which related to this
research
Data B
No. Source Language Target Language
1b
Dalam pembangunan
ekonomi, perubahan
kesejahteraan
masyarakat merupakan
bagian yang tidak
terpisahkan.
In economic
development, changes in
public welfare are an
inseparable part.
2b
Hal ini dikarenakan
pembangunan ekonomi
dikatakan berhasil jika
tingkat kesejahteraan
masyarakat semakin
baik.
Its because economic
development called
successful if the level of
public welfare is getting
higher.
3b
Saat ini pembangunan
bukan hanya diberikan
oleh pemerintah, namun
perusahaan-perusahaan
yang dikelola negeri
maupun swasta juga
turut andil dalam
melaksanakan program
pembangunan ekonomi.
Nowdays, economic
development not only
given by the government
but state companies and
private companies also
contribute in economic
development programs.
4b Hal inilah yang
mendasari munculnya
It is the underlying
emergence of corporate
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
xi
corporate social
responsibility.
social responsibility.
5b
Tujuan dari penelitian
ini adalah untuk
menganalisis besarnya
pengaruh dari
implementasi corporate
social responsibility PT.
Kawasan Industri
Medan (Persero)
terhadap kesejahteraan
masyarakat yang ada di
Kelurahan Tangkahan,
Medan Labuhan.
. The purpose of this
research was to
determine whether there
is influence from
implementation of
corporate social
responsibility PT.
Kawasan Industri
Medan (Persero) to
public welfare on
Kecamatan Tangkahan,
Medan Labuhan.
6b
Penelitian ini
menggunakan metode
penelitian kuantitatif
dengan pendekatan
asosiatif.
Forms of this research
is associative with
quantitative approach.
7b
Metode pengumpulan
data adalah dengan
menyebarkan kuesioner,
dan studi kepustakaan.
Methods of data
collection is
byquestioner, and
literature study.
8b Jumlah sampel yang
diteliti adalah 94 orang.
The number of samples
studied were 94 people.
9b
Metode yang digunakan
dalam penelitian ini
adalah analisis regresi
linier sederhana, dan uji
hipotesis yang terdiri
dari koefisien
determinasi dan uji
parsial (uji t).
. The method used in
this study is a simple
linear regression
analysis, and hypothesis
testing which consists of
a coefficient of
determination and
partial test (t test).
10b
Proses perhitungan data
menggunakan software
statistic yakniSPSS for
windows versi 21.
The process of
calculating the data
using statistical
software SPSS version
21 for windows.
11b
Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa
variabel implementasi
corporate social
responsibility secara
parsial, menunjukkan t-
hitung (5,383) > t-tabel
(1,986) dengan sig.
sebesar 0 yang berarti
variabel implementasi
The results showed that
the implementation of
corporate social
responsinility variable
partial, shows thitung
(5,383)> ttable (1,986)
with sig. amounted to 0,
which means the
implementation of
corporate social
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
xii
corporate social
responsibility
berpengaruh positif dan
signifikan terhadap
kesejahteraan
masyarakat.
responsinility variable is
positive and significant
impact on public
welfare.
12b
Analisis koefisien
determinasi (R
Square)sebesar 0.240
yang berarti
kesejahteraan
masyarakat yang ada di
Kelurahan Tangkahan,
Medan Labuhan dapat
dipengaruhi oleh
implementasi corporate
social responsibility PT.
Kawasan Industri
Medan (Persero)
sebesar 24% sedangkan
sisanya 76%
dipengaruhi oleh faktor
lain yang tidak
dijelaskan dalam
penelitian ini.
Coefficient of
determination (R
Square) is 0.240 which
means that public
welfare can be
influenced by
implementation of
corporate social
responsinility amounted
to 24% while the
remaining 76% was
influenced by other
factors not described in
this study.
Data C
No. Source Language Target Language
1c
Penelitian ini berjudul
Motif Ibu Rumah
Tangga Menonton
Tayangan Sinetron
(Studi Analisis
Deskriptif Motivasi Ibu
Rumah Tangga Di Setia
Budi Tanjung Sari Pasar
1 Medan Dalam
Menonton Tayangan
Sinetron).
This research entitled
Motive Housewife
Watching Sinetron
Impression (Study of
Descriptive Analysis of
Housewife Motivation
In Setia Budi Tanjung
Sari Market 1 Medan In
Watching Sinetron
Impressions).
2c
Tujuan penelitian ini
adalah untuk
mengetahui motif Ibu
Rumah Tangga di Setia
Budi Tanjung Sari Pasar
1 Medan dalam
The purpose of this
study is to determine
the motives of
Housewives in Setia
Budi Tanjung Sari
Market 1 Medan in
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
xiii
Menonton Tayangan
Sinetron.
Watching Sinetron
Impressions.
3c
Teori yang digunakan
dalam penelitian ini
adalah Uses and
Gratification, Televisi,
Sinetron, dan Motif.
The theory used in this
research is Uses and
Gratification,
Television, Sinetron,
and Motif.
4c
Penelitian ini bersifat
deskriptif yang
bertujuan untuk
menggambarkan secara
tepat sifat – sifat suatu
individu, keadaan,
gejala, atau kelompok
tertentu, atau untuk
menentukan frekuensi
atau penyebaran suatu
gejala atau frekuensi
adanya hubungan
tertentu antara suatu
gejala dengan gejala
lain dalam masyarakat.
This study is descriptive
in order to accurately
describe the properties
of a particular
individual, state,
symptom, or group, or
to determine the
frequency or spread of
a symptom or the
frequency of a
particular relationship
between a symptom and
other symptoms in
society.
5c
Populasi dalam
penelitian ini adalah Ibu
– ibu Rumah Tangga di
Setia Budi Tanjung Sari
Pasar 1 Medan yang
berjumlah 360 orang.
The population in this
study were housewives
at Setia Budi Tanjung
Sari Pasar 1 Medan
which amounted to 360
people.
6c
Teknik penarikan
sampel yang digunakan
adalah propotional
random sampling
mengambil 10% dari
jumlah populasi yang
menjadikan populasi
berjumlah 67 orang.
The sampling technique
used is propotional
random sampling
taking 10% of the total
population which
makes the population
amounted to 67 people.
7c
Teknik pengumpulan
data yang digunakan
dalam penelitian ini
melalui dua cara yaitu
Penelitian Lapangan
dan Studi Kepustakaan
Data collection
techniques used in this
study through two
ways: Field Research
and Library Studies.
8c Teknik analisis data
yang digunakan adalah
Data analysis technique
used is Single Table
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
xiv
Analisis Tabel Tunggal. Analysis.
9c
Menurut Nielsen
perempuan menonton
sinetron paling lama
rata – rata 3 jam 47
menit.
According to Nielsen
women watch the
longest sinetron on
average 3 hours 47
minutes.
10c
Maka intensitas
responden dalam
menonton tayangan
sinetron berdasarkan
persentase 50,7%.
So the intensity of
respondents in
watching soap opera
impressions based on
50.7% percentage.
11c
Angka tersebut
menunjukkan bahwa
intensitas Ibu – ibu
Rumah Tangga dalam
menonton Tayangan
Sinetron cukup tinggi.
The figure shows that
the intensity of
housewives in watching
the Sinetron Impression
is quite high.
Data D
No. Source Language Target Language
1d
Pengemis penggendong
anak yang dimaksud
ialah orang yang
meminta-minta dan
memelas belas kasihan
orang lain dengan cara
menggendong atau
membawa anak.
The beggars involving
children is the person
who begs and elicits the
mercy of others by
carrying or carrying a
child.
2d
Pengemis yang
menggendong anak
dengan tujuan agar dapat
mempengaruhi dan
melahirkan perasaan iba
bagi orang yang melihat,
tak hanya membawa satu
anak pengemis ini
bahkan ada yang
membawa dua orang
anak.
Beggars who carry a
child in order to
influence and give birth
to feelings of compassion
for those who see, not
only bring one child
beggars and some even
bring two children.
3d
Anak-anak ini diajak agar
orang-orang semakin
kasihan melihat mereka
padahal ibunya sangat
sehat.
These children are
invited to make people
feel sorry for them when
their mother is very
healthy.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
xv
4d
Faktor ekonomi yang
kurang mampu
merupakan faktor yang
paling mempengaruhi
sehingga mereka mereka
masuk ke dalam dunia
mengemis.
The economically
disadvantaged factors
are the most influencing
factors so that they enter
into the world of
begging.
5d
Metode yang digunakan
dalam penelitian ini
adalah penelitian
eksploratif dengan
metode kualitatif yaitu
dengan wawancara
kepada 4 informan utama
1 informan kunci dan 6
informan tambahan.
The method used in this
research is explorative
research with qualitative
method that is by
interview to 4 main
informant 1 key
informant and 2
additional informant.
6d
Penelitian dilaksanakan
di lokasi sekitar Mesjid
Agung Medan.
The research was
conducted at the location
of Mesjid Agung Medan.
7d
Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa
pengemis penggendong
anak membawa anak dan
cucu kandung mereka
untuk melakukan
kegiatan mengemis.
The results show that
beggars bring their
children and
grandchildren to do
begging activities.
8d
Pengemis penggendong
anak yang melakukan
kegiatan di lokasi Mesjid
Agung Medan memiliki
anggapan bahwa para
jamaah yang akan sholat
lebih mudah tersentuh
hatinya apalagi melihat
anak yang dibawa
mereka.
Beginner beggars who
perform activities in the
location of the Great
Mosque of Medan has the
assumption that the
pilgrims who will pray
more easily touched his
heart let alone see the
children they brought.
9d Pengunjung Mesjid
Agung Medan usianya
Visitors of the Great
Mosque of Medan age
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
xvi
beragam mulai dari
muda-mudi sampai orang
tua.
range from young people
to parents.
10d
Setiap kali mengemis di
lokasi ini pengemis
penggendong anak bisa
mendapatkan sampai
uang empat puluh ribu
rupiah.
Every time begging at
this location beggars
beggars can earn up to
forty thousand dollars.
11d
Jumlah tersebut cukup
untuk memenuhi
kebutuhan hidup mereka.
The amount is enough to
meet their life needs.
12d
Apabila kondisi ini
diteruskan , maka akan
berakibat pada maraknya
praktek mengemis yang
melibatkan anak dan
menjurus kepada
merosotnya mental
bangsa Indonesia.
If this condition
continues, it will result in
widespread begging
practices that involve
children and lead to the
mental decline of the
Indonesian nation.
Data E
No. Source Language Target Language
1e
Penelitian ini di latar
belakangi oleh masalah
kberadaan wisata kuliner
membawak perubahan
sosial masyarakat dengan
mendatangkan aktivitas
wisata maka masyarakat
dapat terlibat dalam suatu
aktivitas yang
mengakibatkan
perubahan sosial terjadi.
This research in the
background by the
problem of culinary
tourism bringing social
change of society by
bringing in tourism
activity hence society can
be involved in an activity
that cause social change
happened.
2e
Tidak hanya itu
pengunjung yang pesat
membawa pengaruh bagi
masyarakat sekitar karena
Desa Bagan Percut
merupakan Desa yang
sebelumnya tidak ada
aktivitas wisata sehingga
keberadaan wisata
kuliner membawa
masyarakat dalam suatu
Not only that the visitors
who rapidly bring
influence to the
surrounding community
because the Village
Bagan Percut is a village
that previously no
tourism activities so that
the existence of culinary
tourism to bring the
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
xvii
perubahan. community in a change.
3e
Penelitian ini bertujuan
untuk mengtahui
perubahan sosial apa saja
yang terjadi pada
masyarakat Desa Bagan
Percut terkait keberadaan
Wisata kuliner.
This study aims to
mengtahui social changes
what happens to the
people of Bagan Percut
Village related to the
existence of culinary
Tour.
4e
Penelitian ini mengguna
metode kualitatif dengan
jenis deskriptif dan
adapun lokasi penelitian
yaitu Desa Bagan Percut
Kecamatan Percut Sei
Tuan Kab. Deli Serdang.
This research uses
qualitative method with
descriptive type and
while the research
location is Bagan Percut
Village Percut Sei Tuan
District. Deli Serdang.
5e
Teknik pengambilan
sampling yaitu dengan
cara menentukan
karakteristik sendiri
(purposive sampling) dan
teknik pengumpulan data
yang dilakukan dengan
menggunakan data
primer dan data sekunder
melalui observasi,
wawancara dan
dokumentasi.
Sampling technique is by
determining its own
characteristics
(purposive sampling) and
data collection
techniques conducted by
using primary data and
secondary data through
observation, interview
and documentation.
6e
Hasil penelitian ini yaitu
masyarakat mengalami
perubahan sosial 1).
Hubungan Sosial
Berdasarkan Azas
Kepentingan
2).Munculnya Konflik 3).
Perubahan Pola Perilaku
Menjadi Lebih Giat 4).
Perubahan Pola Perilaku
Menjadi Individual 5).
Munculnya Organisasi
Baru 6). Perubahan Gaya
Busana 7). Masyarakat
Lebih Mengetahui Merk
dan Tempat Rekreasi.
The result of this
research is the society
experiencing social
change 1). Social
Relations Based on the
Azas Interests 2) .The
Emergence of Conflict 3).
Changes in Behavior
Behavior 4). Changes in
Behavioral Patterns Be
Individual 5). The
Emergence of New
Organizations 6). Change
Fashion Style 7). People
Know More Brand and
Place of Recreation.
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA
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