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The HP 48G/GX combines an easy-to-learn graphical user interface withadvanced mathematics and engineering functionality, expanded memory
capability, and seven new plot types.
Fig. 1.
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DRAW
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Fig. 2.
System ROM 224K Covered ROM32K Unused Controller Address Space
Larger Addresses
H
i g h e r
P r i o r i
t y
Extra 2K
Port 2 128K
Port 1 128K
System RAM 32K
MMIO
Fig. 3.
System ROM Covered ROM 32K
Larger Addresses
H i g h e r
P r i o r i
t yPort 1 128K
MMIO
System RAM (Shrunken)
Covered Code to beExecuted In-Place
Unused
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Fig. 4.
System ROM
Covered ROM 32K
Larger Addresses
H
i g h e r
P r i o r i
t yPort 1 (128K)
MMIO System RAM(Shrunken)
Covered Code and Datato Copy to Mailbox
Unused
Mailbox inSystem RAM
TEMPOB
TEMPOB
TEMPOB
TEMPOB
Fig. 5. TEM POB
System ROM
Covered ROM 32K
Larger Addresses
H i g h e r
P r i o r i
t yPort 1 (128K)
MMIO
System RAM
Covered ROM Words to Copyto the TEMPOB Area
Unused
Mailbox inSystem RAM
TEMPOB Area
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Fig. 6. TEM POB
Property List Flags
ROMPTR Body
ROM Word Body
Property List Item
Property List ItemProperty List Item
Property List Item
Property List Item
In ROM
DOROMP
ROMPTR Body
ROM Word Body
Mark and Link
In TEMPOB
Mark and LinkROMPTRPreceding
Object
TEMPOB
TEMPOB
Fig. 7.
System ROM I (256K)
Higher Addresses
H i g h e r
P r i o r i
t y
Port 1 (128K)
MMIO
Bank SwitchControl
System RAM (128K)
System ROM II (256K)
(2K)
Port 24M Bytes in128K Banks
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Fig. 8.
TEM POB
Port 1 (128K)
Port 24M Bytes in
128K Banks
System ROM I (256K)
Higher Addresses
H
i g h e r
P r i o r i
t y
MMIO
Bank SwitchControl
System RAM (128K)
System ROM II (256K)
(2K)
Port 1Unconfigured
Fig. 9. TEM POB
System ROM I (256K)
Higher Addresses
H i g h e r
P r i o r i
t y
MMIO
System ROM II (256K)
Ports 1 & 2Unconfigured
Port 1 (128K)
Port 24M Bytes in128K Banks
Bank SwitchControl
System RAM (128K)
(2K)
Fig. 10. TEM POB
Port 1 (128K)
Bank SwitchControl (2K)
Port 24M Bytes in128K Banks
System ROM I (256K)
Higher Addresses
H i g h e r
P r i o r i
t y
MMIO
System RAM (128K)
System ROM II (256K)
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Fig. 11.
Bank SwitchControl (2K)
System ROM I (256K)
Higher Addresses
H i g h e r
P r i o r i
t y
MMIO
System RAM (128K)
System ROM II (256K)
Port 1(Shrunken)
Port 2
(Shrunken)
Fig. 12.
Bank SwitchControl (2K)
System ROM I (256K)
Higher Addresses
H i g h e r
P r i o r i
t y
MMIO
System RAM (32K)
System ROM II (256K)
Port 1(Shrunken)
Port 2(Shrunken)
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A18 CE3
NAND
A18 CE3
NAND
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Fig. 13.
Label
HelpLine
Title
Field
Menu
Set Alarm I/O Transfer
Set Alarm
I/O Transfer
OVWR
Fig. 14.
EDIT
Transfer Name
Fig. 15.
CHOOS
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Fig. 16.
CHK
DRAW Plotting
Fig. 17.
CHOOS
Fig. 18.
STAT
EXPR Integrate
Solve Equation
INFO
Fig. 19.
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Fig. 20.
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
Fig. 21. Solve Equation IN FO
NEW
OK
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Fig. 22. NEW
SLOPE-
FIELD WIREFRAME YSLICE PCONTOUR GRIDMAP PARSUR-FACE
EQ
EQ
INDEP DEPEND
WIREFRAME
YSLICE PCONTOUR
SLOPEFIELD
GRIDMAP
PARSURFACE
VPAR PPAR VPAR
VPAR
VPAR
GRIDMAP PARSURFACE
GRIDMAP PARSURFACE
RES
SLOPEFIELDSLOPEFIELD
SLOPEFIELD
Fig. 23. VPAR
Top View
Y
View Screen
View VolumeZ
X
Zhigh
ZlowYfar
Ynear
Xleft Xright(Xe, Ye, Ze)
Y
XXleft Xright
Yfar
Ynear
(Xe, Ye, Ze)
View Screen 1 Unit
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Fig. 24. SLOPEFIELD
(2,3.6)
(0,2.8)
SuperimposedIntegral Curve
INDEP
DEPEND
XRNG
YRNG
RADIANS DEGREES GRADS
SLOPEFIELD
Example Problem
Solution SLOPEFIELD SIN(X* T) T X
RADIANS
WIREFRAMEWIREFRAME
PICT
Fig. 25.
1 Unit
Top View
Y
View Screen
Z
X
(Xe, Ye, Ze)
Y
X
(Xe, Ye, Ze)
View Screen
PlottedPoint
INDEP
DEPEND
XRNG
YRNG
YRNG
RADIANS DEGREES GRADS
WIREFRAME
Example Problem
Solution WIREFRAME X 44*X 2*Y^2+Y4 X Y
PICTURE
Fig. 26. XRNG
View Volume
XRNG
View Screen
YRNG (Xe, Ye, Ze)
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Fig. 27. W IREFRAM E
SLOW SLOW
SLOW
ON +
ANIMATE
PICT
PICTURE
EDITDOT+
STO STO
CANCEL PICTURE
ANIMATE 6 ENTER
ANIMATE
GROB PRG ANIMATE
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Although the primary focus of the new user interface for the HP 48G/GX was toenhance our built-in applications, it became apparent as the project progressedthat calculator owners who program would want access to the same capabilities toenhance their efforts. For the choose box, message box, and especially the inputform tools, the biggest challenge involved scaling back the numerous features toproduce simple user commands that still offer customization potential.
The message box command,MSGBOX, was designed to display pop-up mes-sages with a minimum of fuss. Thus, it takes just one argumentthe messagestringand produces a word-wrapped normal-sized message box.
The choose box command,CHOOSE, is slightly more complicated. To enable butnot require the same object-oriented use of choose boxes as the built-in applica-tions, theCHOOSE command accepts a list of items in two formats. In the simplestformat, an item is specified by a single object, which is displayed and returned ifchosen. In the alternate format, an item is specified by a two-element list object.The first element is displayed in the choose box, and the second element is returnedif the item is chosen.
For simplicity of the user interface,CHOOSE displays a normal-sized choose boxwithout the multiple-choice capability used by some built-in applications.
The MSGBOX and CHOOSE commands largely follow the same interface specifica-tion methods as their system-level counterparts. This differs markedly from the input
form user command,INFORM. To maintain complete flexibility over all elements ofform layout and behavior, the input forms engine takes three arguments for eachlabel and thirteen arguments for each field, specifying such details as exact locationand size, display format, and so on. Added to that are global arguments for theform procedure and form title and some other details. All together, an input formwith four labeled fields requires 68 arguments. While this amount of information is justified for the varied needs of built-in applications, it is an unnecessary burdenfor programmers just wanting to get some simple input from the user.
For theINFORM command, therefore, we developed an automatic form layoutscheme that serves most needs, with options for further detailing. Basically, theINFORM input form is viewed as a grid that is filled with fields starting in the upper-left corner and proceeding from left to right and top to bottom. The number of
Fig. 1 . A custom input form created byINFORM.
Field Specifications
5:Personal Information4: { Name: {} {}Bldg: Phone: {}Notes: {} {}}3: { 3 5 }2: { }1: { }
Title
Field Expander
Column Count (3)and Tab Width (5)Reset and Current
Values
INFORM
columns in the grid is specified as one ofINFORMs arguments, and each fieldswidth is determined by the width of its label and by the user-supplied tab width,which places invisible tab stops within each column to help align fields vertically. Afield can span multiple columns with a special field-expander specification. Helptext and object type restrictions can be included for any field, but arent required.
Fig. 1 shows an example of a custom input form created byINFORM. Notice that,despite the relative simplicity of the input arguments, an input form with alignedfields of varying widths is presented. This technique for building input forms provedso valuable that it was used to create theSolve Equation input form, which changesaccording to the number and names of variables in the equation to be solved.
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PROOT
FFT IFFT
FYY FYT
EQ
EQ FYY FYT
EQ
RES
RES RES
RES
AXES
* Stiff problems typically have solution components with large differences in time scale. Moreinformation is needed by a solver to compute a solution efficiently.
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