American Electric Power Service Corporation
Jan 26, 2010 1
Coordinating Controls across CREZ
What dials are available to the operators?
What are the hand-offs between the ISO and TO?
What does it take to implement controls in the field?
American Electric Power Service Corporation
Jan 26, 2010 2
What dials are available to the operators? Reactive Resources
Static vs Dynamic
Inductive vs Capacitive
Power Flow control
Line switching
Phase Shift Transformers
Series Capacitors
American Electric Power Service Corporation
Jan 26, 2010 3
-0.06-0.05
-0.04-0.03
-0.02-0.01
00.01
0.020.03
0.040.05
-60-50-40-30-20-1001020304050
Syncro-Phasor Voltage (high wind production)
DFW
Angle Magnitude
Houston
Valley
Mid/Ods
GenerationPower Flow
American Electric Power Service Corporation
Jan 26, 2010 4
What are the hand-offs between the ISO and TO?
Traditional
Automatic Voltage Regulator with target kV
Power Flow Controller with target MW
Alternative Approach
Reactive Reserve targets
Real Power limits
American Electric Power Service Corporation
Jan 26, 2010 5
What does it take to the implement controls?Reserves
Local real and reactive systems must have head room to respond to disturbances
Anticipation
State Estimator predicts post-contingency conditions
Preemptive scheduling of set points, so that local control can regulate back into secure positions
American Electric Power Service Corporation
Jan 26, 2010 6
Definitions for Reactive Reserve ControllerDRCS
Dynamic Reactive Compensation System
— Automation to control static and variable reactive power devices as an integral system
SSD
Static Shunt Device
— Fixed capacitor or reactor bank
American Electric Power Service Corporation
Jan 26, 2010 7
DRCS Block Diagram – SVC/STATCOM
SSD CONTROLLER
DYNAMIC VAR DEVICE(DSTATCOM or SVC)
SSD 1
SSD 2
SSD 3
SSD 4
SSD 5 SSD States
SSD Trip/Close
VSSD
SSD Bus
DRCS Bus
QDRCS
VDRCS
SCADA
Enable/Disable
Increment/Decrement
Q and V Midpoints
Scheduled V
American Electric Power Service Corporation
Jan 26, 2010 8
SSD Controller TermsVDRCS
Voltage on bus regulated by dynamic device
VSSD
Voltage on bus with SSDs
QDRCS
Reactive power output (± MVAR) of dynamic device
Increment Increase reactive power to grid (e.g. close cap or trip reactor)
Decrement Decrease reactive power to grid (e.g. trip cap or close reactor)
American Electric Power Service Corporation
Jan 26, 2010 9
SSD Controller Terms (continued)
Scheduled Voltage
Regulation setting for dynamic reactive device
Midpoint
Setting by operator for voltage or reactive power operation band
Bandwidth
Setting in the DRCS defining the high and low points of the band
+MVAr-MVAr Q_SSMPQLO QHI
Q_BW
CapacitiveInductive
set
American Electric Power Service Corporation
Jan 26, 2010 10
What Determines SSD Switching?
Dynamic reactive output (QDRCS) outside of operating band for a set time (typically minutes)
+MVAr-MVAr Q_SSMPQLO QHI
Q_BW
CapacitiveInductive
QDRCS
Increment
set
American Electric Power Service Corporation
Jan 26, 2010 11
SSD Switching Pattern in McCamey area
Three DRCSs at Crane, Rio Pecos and Friend Ranch operate locally to switch capacitors and reactors, compensating for reactive power consumption caused by intermittent power from wind
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
-3000 2000 7000 12000 17000 22000 27000 32000
STEP
SSD MVAR
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
GEN MW
CRANE RIO_PECOS FRIEND_RANCH TTL_MVAR GenMW
American Electric Power Service Corporation
Jan 26, 2010 12
Implementation of Real Power ControllersPhase Shift Transformers
Bandwidth control around a set point
Series Capacitors
Bypass controller based on target range of power flow