Amanda Burchell, Mike DePalma, Lisa Maeyer, Troy Ohntrup,
Marissa Wegfahrt
Slide 3
Table of Contents Declaration of War War of 1812 Burning in
Washington D.C. Battle of Baltimore North Point Hampstead Hill Fort
McHenry Francis Scott Key Making of the Flag Meaning of the Flag
The Pledge of Allegiance Evolution of the Song Psalm of Americanism
Influence of the Song Original Lyrics Modified Lyrics Questions
Bibliography
Slide 4
Declaration of War Trade restrictions brought about by
Britain's continuing war with France The impressment of American
merchant sailors into the Royal Navy British support of American
Indian tribes against American expansion Outrage over insults to
national honor after humiliations on the high seas Possible
American interest in annexing British North America territory (part
of modern-day Canada
Slide 5
War of 1812 War began with attack on Canada An effort to gain
land Cut off British supply lines to Tecumseh's Indian
confederation Initial battles in Canada not as easy as War Hawks
hoped Inexperienced American soldiers pushed back rapidly Britain
was at war with France, so they were preoccupied and multitasking
On Mid-Atlantic Coast, British troops landed in Chesapeake Bay area
in 1814 Marched from here towards Washington
Slide 6
War of 1812 (Burning) U.S. General William Winder attempted to
stop British forces U.S. troops badly routed City of Washington was
evacuated British burned the Capitol, White House, and most of the
nonresidential Washington British pressed onward Admiral Cochrane
sought to invade Baltimore
Slide 7
War of 1812 (Battle of Baltimore) Cochrane's forces bombarded
Fort McHenry Guarded Baltimore's harbor, but unable to seize it
This inspired Francis Scott Key to write the Star Spangled
Banner
Slide 8
Battle of Baltimore (North Point) British had 5,000 troops
Marched toward Baltimore, but met heavy resistance at the Battle of
North Point Fought about 5 miles from the city Major General Samuel
Smith commanded Baltimore Dispatched roughly 3,000 men to meet the
British in a forward engagement
Slide 9
Battle of Baltimore (North Point)(cont.) General Stricker was
to stall British invasion force in order to delay British advance
long enough for Major General Smith to complete defenses in
Baltimore Ross led the land invasion force Ross killed in second
shift of American defense by an American sharpshooter British army
now under command of Colonel Arthur Brooke British succeeded in
driving American militia back
Slide 10
Slide 11
Battle of Baltimore (Hampstead Hill) Rodgers Bastion, located
on Hampstead Hill, was centerpiece of a 3-mile-wide earthworks from
outer harbor in Canton Dug to defend Eastern approach to Baltimore
against British Dawn on September 13, 1814 Day after the Battle of
North Point About 4,300 British troops advanced north on North
Point Road, then west along Philadelphia Road toward Baltimore
Forced U.S. troops to retreat to main defensive line around the
city
Slide 12
Battle of Baltimore (Hampstead Hill) British commander Col.
Arthur Brooke established new headquarters about two miles
northeast of Hampstead Hill. British began probing actions on
Baltimores inner defenses American line was defended by 100 cannons
and more than 10,000 regular troops Defenses were far stronger than
British anticipated
Slide 13
Battle of Baltimore (Hampstead Hill)(cont.) U.S. defenders at
Fort McHenry successfully stopped British navel forces Few ships
were still able to provide artillery support Once British took
outer defenses, inner defenses became priority British infantry had
not anticipated how well defended they would be First attack was a
failure Brooke's forces managed to outflank and overrun American
positions to right
Slide 14
Battle of Baltimore (Hampstead Hill)(cont.) After discussion
with lower ranking officers, Brooke decided British should bombard
fort instead of risk a frontal assault At 3 AM on September 14,
1814, British troops were ordered to return to ships
Slide 15
North Point Fort McHenry
Slide 16
Battle of Baltimore (Fort McHenry) At Fort McHenry, about 1,000
soldiers under command of Major George Armistead awaited British
naval bombardment Their defense was augmented by sinking of a line
of American merchant ships at adjacent entrance to Baltimore Harbor
in order to further thwart passage of British ships Attack began on
September 13 British fleet of some nineteen ships began pounding
fort with Congreve rockets and mortar shells
Slide 17
Battle of Baltimore (Fort McHenry) After initial exchange of
fire, British fleet withdrew to just beyond range of Fort McHenrys
cannons and continued to bombard American redoubts for next 27
hours Although 1,500 to 1,800 cannonballs were launched at fort,
damage was light due to recent fortification that had been
completed prior to battle Only 4 killed, 24 wounded
Slide 18
Battle of Baltimore (Fort McHenry)(cont.) After nightfall,
Cochrane ordered a landing to be made by small boats to shore just
west of fort away from harbor opening on which forts defense was
concentrated He hoped the landing party might slip past Fort
McHenry and draw Smiths army away from main British land assault on
citys eastern border Gave British good diversion for half hour,
allowing them to fire again and again
Slide 19
Battle of Baltimore (Fort McHenry) On morning of September 14,
30 ft 42 ft oversized American flag was raised over Fort McHenry
Small encampment of British riflemen responded Fired a round each
at the sky Taunted Americans just before returning to the
shoreline
Slide 20
Battle of Baltimore (Fort McHenry) Brooke was told not to
attack American positions around Baltimore unless there were less
than 2,000 men in fort Brooke forced to withdraw from his positions
Returned to fleet Scheduled to set sail for New Orleans
Slide 21
Slide 22
Francis Scott Key Born in Frederick County, Maryland Studied
law at St. Johns College in Annapolis, Maryland Was an attorney
Accompanied John Skinner aboard British ship HMS Tonnant during War
of 1812 Skinner and Key were there to negotiate release of
prisoners (one of whom was Beanes)
Slide 23
Francis Scott Key (cont.) Skinner, Beanes, and Key were not
allowed to leave ship Knew too much about the strength and position
of British attack plans Forced to watch ships bombard Fort McHenry
during Battle of Baltimore
Slide 24
Francis Scott Key (cont.) At dawn, Key saw the American flag
still waving Inspiration to write the poem describing his
experience Published as Defense of Fort McHenry Now known as The
Star Spangled Banner
Slide 25
Making of the Flag Flag has been modified 26 times since 1777
15 stars and 15 stripes flew over Fort McHenry and is known as the
Star Spangled Banner Flag There were 15 stars and stripes because
Vermont and Kentucky had joined the colonies That particular flag
was used for 23 years Made by Mary Young Pickersgill Current flag
was designed by 17 year old Robert G. Heft
Slide 26
Meaning of the Flag Symbol of Americanism Key felt flag
symbolized relief and pride when it flew over Fort McHenry Stripes
represent the 13 original colonies Stars represent 50 states of
United States Color did not have a meaning when the flag was first
adopted Red now means hardiness and valour White means purity and
innocence Blue means vigilance, perseverance, and justice
Slide 27
The Pledge of Allegiance Pledge allegiance you promise to be
loyal to the Flag to the symbol of your country of the United
States of America a nation of 50 states and several territories,
each with certain rights of its own and to the Republic a country
where the people elect representatives from among themselves to
make laws for everyone for which it stands, the flag represents the
values of our form of government, in which everyone is equal under
the law one Nation under God, a country formed under God whose
people are free to believe as they wish indivisible, the nation
cannot be split into parts with liberty and justice with freedom
and a system of law for all for every person in the nation,
regardless of their differences
Slide 28
Evolution of the Song Key wrote the poem Defense of Fort
McHenry inspired by flag flying and British defeat Key gave poem to
Judge Joseph H. Nicholson who them put poem to music The
Anacreontic Song by John Stafford Smith Thomas Carr was first to
publish song under Star Spangled Banner
Slide 29
Evolution of the Song (cont.) Woodrow Wilson wanted original
version, so he asked five musicians to play it July 27, 1889,
Secretary of Navy Benjamin Tracy made it official song to raise
flag 1916-Wilson had it played at military events and other
important occasions March 3rd, 1931, Hoover signed a law making it
national anthem
Slide 30
Influence of the Song Many professional and amateur singers
sing the song at sporting events, military, or patriotic events The
song has also been adapted to take different forms The song
symbolizes Americanism and how we can stand together as a country
Boston Bruins clip
Slide 31
Psalm of Americanism Psalm- a sacred song or hymn Just as we
have psalms in church, America has Star Spangled Banner Psalms
inspire worshipers of that faith Patriotism is a faith As
Americans, we are worshipers of our faith Singing the Star Spangled
Banner is way of expressing our faith in our nation Example: The
Boston Bruins clipThe Boston Bruins clip
Slide 32
We have the ability to help people heal and find some reason to
smile again by representing our city properly. We have an
opportunity here to make our city proud. Were all in for it, and
hopefully we can do tat for this city, right now. ~Claude Julien,
Coach of Bruins
Slide 33
Original Lyrics Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose
broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight, O'er the
ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? And the rocket's
red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night
that our flag was still there. Oh, say does that star-spangled
banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the
brave? On the shore, dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes, What is that
which the breeze, o'er the towering steep, As it fitfully blows,
half conceals, half discloses? Now it catches the gleam of the
morning's first beam, In full glory reflected now shines in the
stream: 'Tis the star-spangled banner! Oh long may it wave O'er the
land of the free and the home of the brave! And where is that band
who so vauntingly swore That the havoc of war and the battle's
confusion, A home and a country should leave us no more! Their
blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution. No refuge
could save the hireling and slave From the terror of flight, or the
gloom of the grave: And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth
wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! Oh! thus
be it ever, when freemen shall stand Between their loved home and
the war's desolation! Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n
rescued land Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a
nation. Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, And this
be our motto: "In God is our trust." And the star-spangled banner
in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the
brave!
Slide 34
Modified Lyrics Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose
broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight, O'er the
ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? And the rocket's
red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night
that our flag was still there. Oh, say does that star-spangled
banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the
brave?
Slide 35
Fact Sheet Questions Worksheet/Packet Questions
Slide 36
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Slide 37
Bibliography "The Story Behind the Star Spangled Banner."
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ng
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Frigate_Chesapeake%27s_First_War_of_1812_Cruise.p
ng americanhistory.unomaha.edu robertluisrabello.com
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landing.htm
http://www.nps.gov/fowa/historyculture/the-fall-of-fort-washington-and-the-battle-of-white-house-
landing.htm simple.wikipedia.org 4gwar.wordpress.com
en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.o en.wikipedia.org
