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Page 1: Altair HyperMesh Interfacing with LS-DYNAoss.jishulink.com/caenet/forums/upload/2006/4/13/a8b815c8-ca68-407... · Altair Engineering Interfacing with LS-DYNA 1 LS-DYNA Translation

Altair HyperMesh Interfacing with LS-DYNA

Version 5.1

Page 2: Altair HyperMesh Interfacing with LS-DYNAoss.jishulink.com/caenet/forums/upload/2006/4/13/a8b815c8-ca68-407... · Altair Engineering Interfacing with LS-DYNA 1 LS-DYNA Translation

Contact Altair Engineering at:

Web site www.altair.com

FTP site Address: ftp.altair.com or ftp2.altair.com

Login: ftp

Password: <your e-mail address>

Location Telephone e-mail

North America 248.614.2425 [email protected]

Germany 49.7031.6208.22 [email protected]

India 91.80.658.8540 91.80.658.8542

[email protected]

Italy 39.0832.315.573 39.800.905.595

[email protected]

Japan 81.3.5396.1341 [email protected]

Scandinavia 46.46.286.2052 [email protected]

United Kingdom 44.1327.810.700 [email protected]

2002 Altair Engineering, Inc. All rights reserved.

Trademark Acknowledgments:

HyperWorks, HyperMesh, OptiStruct, HyperForm, MotionView, HyperView, HyperGraph, HyperOpt, HyperShape/Pro, StudyWizard, HyperView Player and Templex are registered trademarks of Altair Engineering, Inc.

All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

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Altair Engineering Interfacing with LS-DYNA 1

LS-DYNA Translation Overview

This section describes the HyperMesh LS-DYNA interface. HyperMesh can read existing LS-DYNA decks, create a model, display and edit LS-DYNA cards as they will look in the deck, and write a deck for analysis. HyperMesh also processes LS-DYNA binary and ASCII results files so that the results can be viewed in HyperMesh. HyperMesh treats LS-DYNA as a card image code.

See Also

Components and Properties Nodes

Control Volumes Other Groups

Creating Cards Output Blocks

Curves Results Translation

Elements Rigid Walls

Entity Sets Sensors

Equations Summary Templates

Exporting Decks Supported Cards

HyperMesh Groups Systems

Importing Decks Tips and Techniques

Load Collectors Vectors

Loads, Constraints, and Boundary Conditions Viewing the Results

Materials Working with Comment Cards

Supported Dyna Keywords LS DYNA KEY Macro Menu

Recommended Process

Importing Decks

Versions of Keyword files are read using the DYNAKEY input translator (or DYNAKEY.EXE on PCs).

Structured files of version 920 and higher are read using the DYNASEQ input translators ( or DYNASEQ.EXE on PCs). This translator handles both regular and large format decks. Thermal control cards 27 through 30 are not supported.

To import data with the input translator:

1. Select the files panel.

2. Select the import subpanel.

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Interfacing with LS-DYNA Altair Engineering 2

3. Click EXTERNAL.

4. Click translator = and enter /LS-DYNA/DYNAKEY(.EXE) or /LS-DYNA/DYNASEQ(.EXE), or click translator = again to browse the directory structure for the translator.

5. Click filename = and enter the name of your LS-DYNA file, or click filename = again to browse the directory structure for your file.

6. Click import.

Exporting Decks

HyperMesh outputs the following LS-DYNA files:

• LS-DYNA v960 input files in Keyword format

• LS-DYNA v936 input files in Structured format

• To output Keyword decks, use the dyna.key template file

• To output regular format Structured decks, use the dyna.seq template file

• To output large format Structured decks, use the dyna.lrg template file

• Two templates are also provided to output the defined curves in the database:

• To output curves in Keyword format, use the curves.key template

• To output curves in Structured format, use the curves.seq template

NOTE When converting an LS-DYNA model to the RADIOSS format, check and update the element types prior to writing the converted model to file. Some formulations may not map correctly, such as RADIOSS SHELL 3N to LS-DYNA ACCEL.

To create an analysis deck via a template:

1. Select the files panel.

2. Select the export subpanel.

3. Click filename = and enter the name of the output file.

4. Click TEMPLATE.

A new input field, template = is displayed if not already displayed.

5. Click template = and specify the file name of the template file.

6. Click write.

Summary Templates

To obtain a concise list of entities in the current model, use the template file = option on the summary panel. This creates an ASCII text file with the summary information and displays the information on the screen.

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LS-DYNA has four summary template files: elements, properties, center_of_gravity, and errorcheck. They are located in the template/summary/ls-dyna directory.

The elements summary template provides a listing of element types and the number of each type contained in the current model. It also indicates the total number of elements in the model.

The properties summary template describes the components and their properties contained in the model. The template lists the name, ID, and material ID for each component. Components that have the *PART card image loaded also list the Section ID, the card option (for example *PART_INERTIA), and the mass contained in that component. The mass is calculated using the same procedure as the mass panel. See Mass Calculation.

The center_of_gravity summary template calculates the model’s center of gravity based on the procedure described in the Mass Calculations section.

There are also two templates that perform error checking on LS-DYNA models: errorcheck and sharedrigids.

Use the errorcheck template in the summary panel. This template gives a brief overview of problems that exist in the model.

Use the sharedrigids template in the element check panel. This template highlights the elements with nodes that are shared among rigids.

When either of the error-checking templates check for shared rigids, the template highlights only the second element that uses a node. If an element in a rigid material is sharing a node with another rigid, only the first element in that component is highlighted.

Possible errors messages:

• Elements in components pointing to a *SECTION card of the wrong type

• Zero or negative thickness

• Rigid elements, components, or interfaces sharing nodes

• Components do not have a *SECTION card selected

• Components do not have a necessary *PART card defined

• Components do not have a material selected

Mass Calculation

The mass of each element is the calculation of density * volume. When calculating model mass, several assumptions are made for the element volume. Densities are retrieved from the material associated with the element’s component.

A *PART_INTERIA card uses the supplied mass instead of calculating the mass based on the individual elements.

Mass calculations include the mass supplied on the *CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODY_INERTIA cards.

A shell element thickness is one of the following:

• the thickness on the first node for uniform thickness shells

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• the average of three or four nodes for non-uniform thickness shells

The values come from the *SECTION_SHELL card, unless a *ELEMENT_SHELL_THICKNESS card is defined for an element. If an *ELEMENT_SHELL_THICKNESS card is defined, the element values override the *SECTION_SHELL values.

Integrated beams have an area equal to the average of the two end areas. Resultant beams use the area entered on the *SECTION_BEAM card. The volume is calculated by multiplying the length of the beam by the *SECTION_BEAM card area. Discrete beams use the volume supplied by the *SECTION_BEAM card. In all cases, if an *ELEMENT_BEAM_THICKNESS card is defined for an element, then the element values override the *SECTION_BEAM values.

Only element masses are considered. Other mass specifications, such as on a rigid wall card, are ignored.

Supported Cards The HyperMesh LS-DYNA interface supports the following cards:

Components and Properties Materials

Control and Database Cards Nodes

Control Volumes Other Groups

Curves Output Blocks

Elements Rigid Walls

Entity Sets Sensors

Equations Systems

HyperMesh Groups Vectors

Load Collectors Working with Comment Cards

Loads, Constraints, and Boundary Conditions Supported Dyna Keywords

Working with Comment Cards HyperMesh-defined comment cards included in decks written by HyperMesh. These comments are included so that decks can be written and re-read without losing information as well as to reorganize the database. These comments can be read from any deck and can be inserted into a deck before importing the deck into HyperMesh.

$HM_OUTPUT_DECK

This comment signals that the deck was created by HyperMesh. It also gives the date and time the deck was written.

$HMNAME Entitytype ID HyperMesh_Name

This comment gives the name of the collector where the information that follows originated. If this comment is present, HyperMesh_Name, a 32-character string value, is used as the collector name. The ID, an 8 character integer, is also passed to HyperMesh. Entitytype is the collector type, such as COMP or GROUP.

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Altair Engineering Interfacing with LS-DYNA 5

$HMCOLOR Entitytype ID Color

This comment changes the color of a collector or curve. Entitytype is the collector type, such as COMP or GROUP. ID is an 8 character integer that identifies the collector. Color is an 8-character integer that specifies the new color of the collector.

$HMSET

This comment signifies that you created the following set in HyperMesh, and that it was not created while the template outputs the deck. This changes how the set is imported into HyperMesh and how it is associated with groups.

$HMCURVE linetype markertype title

This comment preserves the style information for load curves. linetype is a 5-character integer that describes the style of the line: solid, dashed, and so on. markertype is a 5-character integer that describes the style of the point marker on the curve: square, round, and so on. title is an 80-character string used to save the curve label.

$HMLINE id collectorid

The geometric information not exported and imported back into HyperMesh.

$HMFIXEDSURFPOINT x y z Suppressed

These comments describe weld points for the automesher. X, Y, and Z are 16-character real numbers describing the x, y, z location of the fixed point. suppressed is an 8-character integer describing the type of fixed point.

$HMERROR text

This comment is output when the HyperMesh template detects and/or corrects a problem during deck creation. This informs you of possible problems with the deck.

$HM text

This comment writes an informational message. It does not write error messages.

Control and Database Cards • Accessed via the Control Card Editor

• Keyword and Structured have different cards, but sometimes, the same data is valid for both types

• Thermal Control Cards are not supported

Keyword

HyperMesh Name LS-DYNA Keyword Notes

ReadMe Comment cards All lines before *KEYWORD are read as comment cards. These can be modified in HyperMesh.

TitleCard *TITLE

Keyword *KEYWORD This card must be the first block in the Keyword template for

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HyperMesh to output a valid Keyword deck.

When the card is active, memory requirements may be specified; otherwise it is automatically output on the first line of the file.

HyperMesh Name *CONTROL Cards Notes

Accuracy _ACCURACY

Adaptive _ADAPTIVE

ALE 1 _ALE

BulkVisc _BULK_VISCOSITY

Contact _CONTACT

Coupling _COUPLING

CPU _CPU

Dyn Relax _DYNAMIC_RELAXATION _DAMPING is read in, but not supported on export.

Energy _ENERGY

Hourglass _HOURGLASS

Output Ctrl _OUTPUT

Parallel _PARALLEL

Shells _SHELL

Subcycle _SUBCYCLE

Solution _SOLUTION

Structured _STRUCTURED

Termination _TERMINATION

Time Step _TIMESTEP

Global Damp _GLOBAL

ImplicitAuto

ImplicitDyna

ImplicitEigen

ImplicitGen

ImplicitSolver

ImplicitSoln

ImplicitStab

Rigid

_IMPLICIT_AUTO

_IMPLICIT_DYNAMICS

_IMPLICIT_EIGENVALUE

_IMPLICIT_GENERAL

_IMPLICIT_SOLVER

_IMPLICIT_SOLUTION

_IMPLICIT_STABILIZATION

_RIGID

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HyperMesh Name *DATABASE Cards Notes

DBase Opts _OPTION For example, SECFORC, RWFORC, NODOUT, and so on. These can be edited on one panel. The selected values have cards output.

DB Bin PLOT _BINARY_D3PlOT

DB Bin THDT _BINARY_D3THDT

DB Bin DRLF _BINARY_D3DRLF

DB Bin DUMP _BINARY_D3DUMP

DB Bin RUNRS _BINARY_RUNRSF

DB Bin INTFO _BINARY_INTFOR

DB Bin XTFILE _BINARY_XTFILE

DB Xtnt AVS _EXTENT_AVS

DB Xtnt MPG _EXTENT_MPGS

DB Xtnt MOV _EXTENT_MOVIE

DB Xtnt BIn _EXTENT_BINARY

DB Spr Fwd _SPRING_FOWARD

Super Plast _SUPERPLASTIC_FORMING

DB Tracer _TRACER

Structured

Cards auto-generated:

• Cards 1 (Model Size), 2 (Model Size), 3 (Model Size), 4 (Model Size), 5 (Model Size), 6 (Model Size), 7 (Model Size), 10 (Loading Options), and 11 (Input Control)

• Additional fields that specify the number of items in the deck, such as the number of TIME HISTORY blocks, are filled. When you edit cards that contain automatically generated fields, it is indicated by the card previewer.

HyperMesh Name Editable Control Cards

1 - Title Card This card has 930 as a version number. LARGE is output when you use the dyna936.lrg template.

Termination 8 - Termination

Time Step 9 - Time Steps

Beams and Shells 12 - Beams and Shells

Materials 13 - Material Related Input

Damping 14 - Damping/Dynamic Relaxation

Contact 15 - Contact

Paral/Subcyc 16 - Parallel and Subcycling

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Interfacing with LS-DYNA Altair Engineering 8

Coupling 17 - Coupling

OutputCtrl 18 - Output

Energy Out 19 - Output Energy

TAURUS I 20 - TAURUS Database Control 1

TAURUS II 21 - TAURUS Database Control 2

ASCII Out 1 22 - ASCII Output Control 1

ASCII Out 2 23 - ASCII Output Control 2

ASCII Out 3 24 - ASCII Output Control 3

ALE 1 25 - Arbitrary Lagrangian 1

ALE 2 26 - Arbitrary Lagrangian 2

Systems

HyperMesh reads all LS-DYNA system formulations. Defined coordinate systems using three nodes or two vectors are converted so that they use three points, based on the LS-DYNA definition of those systems.

The supported output format for systems is *DEFINE_COORDINATE_SYSTEM and *DEFINE_COORDINATE_NODES in Keyword or type 1 in Structured.

Nodes

Node cards are fully input into HyperMesh.

Structured nodes are output using a 3E20.0 format. Other formats are input, based on the definition on Control Card 11.

Elements

HyperMesh Type Keyword Structured Notes

Mass 1 *ELEMENT_MASS Card 50

2 *ELEMENT_SEATBELT_ RETRACTOR

3 *ELEMENT_SEATBELT_ SLIPRING

4 *ELEMENT_INERTIA

5 *ELEMENT_SEATBELT_ PRETENSIONER

Weld 1 *CONSTRAINED_ SPOTWELD

Card 29c Structured DOF = -1. Failure values can be edited on the

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Altair Engineering Interfacing with LS-DYNA 9

individual elements.

2 *CONSTRAINED_RIVET Card 29b Structured DOF = 0

Rigid (two-noded)

2 *CONSTRAINED_NODE_ SET

Card 29a Structured DOF = 1 through 7

1 *CONSTRAINED_NODAL_ RIGID_BODY

Card 36a Structured Failure Option 0. Keyword _INERTIA option supported.

3 *CONSTRAINED_ GENERALIZED_WELD

Card 36a _SPOT (structured 1), _FILLET (2), _BUTT (3) options supported.

Spring 1 *ELEMENT_DISCRETE Card 50 Dyna Spring and Damper elements

Joints 1 *CONSTRAINED_JOINT_ SPHERICAL

Card 38 Structured type is the same as the HyperMesh type.

2 *CONSTRAINED_JOINT_ REVOLUTE

Card 38 Structured type is the same as the HyperMesh type.

3 *CONSTRAINED_JOINT_ CYLINDRICAL

Card 38 Structured type is the same as the HyperMesh type.

4 *CONSTRAINED_JOINT_ PLANAR

Card 38 Structured type is the same as the HyperMesh type.

5 *CONSTRAINED_JOINT_ UNIVERSAL

Card 38 Structured type is the same as the HyperMesh type.

6 *CONSTRAINED_JOINT_ TRANSLATIONAL

Card 38 Structured type is the same as the HyperMesh type.

7 *CONSTRAINED_JOINT_ LOCKING

Card 38 Structured type is the same as the HyperMesh type.

Rigid Links (many noded)

2 *CONSTRAINED_NODE_ SET

Card 29a Structured DOF = 1 through 7

1 *CONSTRAINED_NODAL_ RIGID_BODY

Card 36a Structured Failure Option 0. Keyword _INERTIA option supported.

3 *CONSTRAINED_ GENERALIZED_WELD

Card 36a _SPOT (structured 1), _FILLET (2), _BUTT (3) options supported.

Bar2 1 *ELEMENT_BEAM Card 8 _THICKNESS option supported. Use direction node option. The actual node is referenced /read/ written by HyperMesh.

_PID option is supported. When running the Dyna solver. This is helpful in limiting the search for the nearest elements to attach

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Interfacing with LS-DYNA Altair Engineering 10

the beam element (Elform type 9).

Rod 1 *ELEMENT_SEATBELT N/A

Tria3 2 *ELEMENT_SEATBELT_ ACCELEROMETER

Card 51g

Tria3 1 *ELEMENT_SHELL Card 9 _THICKNESS and _BETA options supported.

Quad4 1 *ELEMENT_SHELL Card 9 _THICKNESS and _BETA options supported.

Tetra4 1 *ELEMENT_SOLID Card 7

Penta6 1 *ELEMENT_SOLID Card 7

Hex8 1 *ELEMENT_SOLID Card 7

2 *ELEMENT_TSHELL Card 10

Materials • A material is created to maintain existing numbering for material type input not supported by

HyperMesh. This material is called NOMAT in HyperMesh.

• Materials without a loaded card image are not output.

HyperMesh Keyword *MAT_ Structured Notes

NOMAT UNSUPPORTED Type 999 Holds ID, name, type, and density for unsupported materials.

MATL1 ELASTIC Type 1 Fluid option supported. See NOTE 1.

MATL2 ORTHOTROPIC_ELASTIC Type 2

MATL3 PLASTIC_KINEMATIC Type 3

MATL5 SOIL_AND_FOAM Type 5

MATL6 VISCOELASTIC Type 6

MATL7 BLATZ-KO_RUBBER Type 7

MATL9 NULL Type 9 Choose between Solid and Shell formulations when using the Card Editor. See NOTE 2.

MATL10 ELASTIC_PLASTIC_HYDRO Type 10

MATL12 ISOTROPIC_ELASTIC_PLASTIC Type 12

MATL14 SOIL_AND_FOAM_FAILURE Type 14

MATL15 JOHNSON_COOK Type 15

MATL18 POWERLAW_PLASTICITY Type 18

MATL19 STRAIN_RATE _DEPENDANT_PLASTICITY

Type 19

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Altair Engineering Interfacing with LS-DYNA 11

MATL20 RIGID Type 20

MATL22 COMPOSITE_DAMAGE Type 22

MATL24 PIECEWISE _LINEAR_PLASTICITY

Type 24

MATL26 HONEYCOMB Type 26

MATL27 MOONEY-RIVLIN_RUBBER Type 27

MATL28 RESULTANT_PLASTICITY Type 28

MATL29 FORCE_LIMITED Type 29

MATL30 CLOSED_FORM_SHELL_ PLASTICITY

Type 30

MATL31 FRAZER-NASH_RUBBER Type 31

MATL32 LAMINATED_GLASS Type 32

MATL34 FABRIC Type 34

MATL37 TRANSVERSELY_ANISOTROPIC_ ELASTIC_PLASTIC

Type 37

MATL39 MAT_FLD_TRANSVERSELY_ ANISOTROPIC

Type 39

MATL52 BAMMAN_DAMAGE Type 52

MATL53 CLOSED_CELL_FOAM Type 53

MATL54 MAT_ENHANCED_COMPOSITE _DAMAGE

Type 54

MATL55 MAT_ENHANCED_COMPOSITE _DAMAGE

Type 55

MATL57 LOW_DENSITY_FOAM Type 57

MATL59 MAT_ENHANCED_FAILURE_ SHELL_MODEL

Type 59

MATL59 MAT_ENHANCED_FAILURE_ SOLID_MODEL

Type 59

MATL62 VISCOUS_FOAM Type 62

MATL63 CRUSHABLE_FOAM Type 63

MATL64 RATE_SENSITIVE_ POWERLAW_PLASTICITY

Type 64

MATL66 LINEAR_ELASTIC_DISCRETE_ BEAM

Type 66

MATL68 NON_LINEAR_PLASTIC_DISCRETE_ BEAM

Type 68

MATL69 SID_DAMPER_DISCRETE_ BEAM

Type 69

MATL71 MAT_CABLE_DISCRETE_BEAM Type 71

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Interfacing with LS-DYNA Altair Engineering 12

MATL72 MAT_CONCRETE_DAMAGE Type 72

MATL73 MAT_LOW_DENSITY_VISCOUS_FOAM

Type 73

MATL77 HYPERELASTIC_RUBBER Type 77

MATL77B OGDEN_RUBBER Type 77B

MATL81 PLASTICITY_WITH_DAMAGE Type 81

MATL83 FU_CHUNG_FOAM

Type 83

MATL88 MTS Type 88

MATL89 PLASTICITY_POLYMER

MATL90 ACOUSTIC Type 90

MATL96 BRITTLE_DAMAGE Type 96

MATL100 SPOTWELD Type 100

MATL103 ANISOTROPIC_VISCOPLASTIC Type 103

MATL124 PLASTICITY_COMPRESSION_ TENSIONS

Type 124

MATL126 MODIFIED_HONEYCOMB Type 126

SB_MAT SEATBELT Card 51A

SDMat1 SPRING_ELASTIC Spring Type 1

SDMat2 DAMPER_VISCOUS Spring Type 2

SDMat3 SPRING_ELASTOPLASTIC Spring Type 3

SDMat4 SPRING_NONLINEAR_ELASTIC Spring Type 4

SDMat5 DAMPER_NONLINEAR_VISCOUS Spring Type 5

SDMat6 SPRING_GENERAL_NONLINEAR Spring Type 6

SDMat7 SPRING_MAXWELL Spring Type 7

SDMat8 SPRING_INELASTIC Spring Type 8

MATLT-1 THERMAL_ISOTROPIC

MATLT-2 THERMAL_ORTHOTROPIC

MATLT-10 THERMAL_ISOTROPIC_TD_LC

NOTE 1 If flag = 1.0 and there is information in columns 31 - 40 of Card 3, the fluid option is activated for Structured.

NOTE 2 When you import from Structured, it is assumed that it is for solids. HyperMesh also reads the shell material information.

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Components and Properties

The following list contains information about translating components and properties:

• No ID shifting is performed.

• Define components and properties so that valid LS-DYNA cards are generated. For example, shells and solid elements cannot be defined in the same component.

• During Structured input, beam and discrete elements are placed into components based on their property.

• Mass, rigid, and weld elements are placed into separate components during input.

• The recommended order for creating components, properties, and materials is shown below:

1. Load curves

2. Materials

3. Properties

Integration rules Hour Glass definitions Equations of State Section properties

4. Components

This is the most efficient way to create the HyperMesh collectors. By following this order and using the Create/Edit function, you have to view and edit each card only once.

• When you edit the *PART (component) card, select the necessary *SECTION cards, hourglass rules, and so on. HyperMesh does not verify that a legal selection was made. If an integration rule is selected instead of a *SECTION_SHELL card, HyperMesh assumes this a legal operation, while LS-DYNA generates an error message.

• The material associated with a component is controlled by HyperMesh functionality and cannot be changed in the card previewer.

• Collectors that do not have loaded card images are not output.

• Component card hourglass information in Structured does not translate to Keyword decks.

• When you edit component cards with a section property selected, an image of that card is displayed at the end of the component card image.

HyperMesh Keyword Structured Notes

Components *PART Card 3 INERTIA, CONTACT and REPOSITION options supported. Also, the _PRINT and _MOVE options are supported.

on Comps *CONSTRAINED_RIGID_BODIES Card 35 Select RigidBodyMerge option on *PART.

Create the LSDYNA_key for *CONSTRAINED_RIGID_BODIES in HyperMesh

on Comps *DAMPING_PART_MASS

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Interfacing with LS-DYNA Altair Engineering 14

on Comps *DAMPING_PART_STIFFNES

SectBeam *SECTION_BEAM Card 3 Supports all element formulations.

SectDisc *SECTION_DISCRETE Card 50A Spring/Damper Property Card.

SectShll *SECTION_SHELL Card 3 See NOTE.

SectSld *SECTION_SOLID Card 3 Support for _ALE option.

SectTShl *SECTION_TSHELL Card 3 See NOTE.

EOS1 *EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL EOS Type 1

EOS2 *EOS_JWL EOS Type 2

EOS3 *EOS_SACK_TUESDAY EOS Type 3

EOS4 *EOS_GRUNEISEN EOS Type 4

EOS5 *EOS_RATIO_OF_POLYNOMIALS EOS Type 5

EOS6 *EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL _WITH_ENERGY_LEAK

EOSType 6

EOS7 *EOS_IGNITION_AND_ GROWTH_OF_REACTION_IN_HE

EOS Type 7

EOS8 *EOS_TABULATED_ COMPACTION

EOS Type 8

EOS9 *EOS_TABULATED EOS Type 9

EOS10 *EOS_PROPELLANT_ DEFLAGRATION

EOS Type 10

EOS11 *EOS_TENSOR_PORE_ COLLAPSE

EOS Type 11

IntBeam *INTEGRATION_BEAM Card 4

IntShell *INTEGRATION_SHELL Card 5

HourGlass *HOURGLASS N/A Data is entered on Component card in Structured.

JointStff *CONSTRAINED_JOINT _STIFFNESS

Card 38B Generalized and Flexion-Torsion options.

NOTE To define material angles, enter the number of integration points and set ICOMP = 1.

To create the LSDYNA_key for *CONSTRAINED_RIGID_BODIES in HyperMesh:

1. Create an entity set of comps that are to be slave for a single master.

2. In the collectors panel:

� Select create.

� Click create/edit and select the master comp.

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or

� Select card image.

� Click load/edit and select the master comp.

3. Select RigidBodyMerge in the card image panel.

4. Click Slave_SID and select the entity set with slave comps.

Load Collectors

Load collector information is specified with a required $HMNAME comment card and an optional $HMCOLOR comment card. If an input translator encounters one of these comments while reading a load card, a new load collector is created. For the comments to be valid, they must follow a load keyword or the last line of the previous Structured block. The loads that follow a $HMNAME LOADCOLS comment are read into that collector. If there is a new Keyword or Structured block, HyperMesh ignores the previous load collector information.

For non-HyperMesh generated input decks, loads are divided into collectors based on classification. The following load collectors are created:

• Mechanical loads for forces and moments

• Constraints/Displacements

• Velocities

• Accelerations

• Pressures

If translational or rotational constraints are defined in the input model, they are placed in a separate load collector named Nodal Constraints.

Load collectors are not used by LS-DYNA, but are useful for visualization in HyperMesh. Additional load collectors can be defined to describe other entities.

HyperMesh Keyword Structured Notes

InitialVel *INITIAL_VELOCITY

*INITIAL_VELOCITY_GENERATION

Card 30 This card changes the INITV definition on Control Card 11. Only the first card defined is valid for Structured.

LoadBody *LOAD_BODY_X Card 39 Activate the proper option and enter the data. Only the first card defined is valid for Structured.

*LOAD_BODY_Y Card 40 Activate the proper option and enter the data. Only the first card defined is valid for Structured.

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*LOAD_BODY_Z Card 41 Activate the proper option and enter the data. Only the first card defined is valid for Structured.

*LOAD_BODY_RX Card 42 Activate the proper option and enter the data. Only the first card defined is valid for Structured.

*LOAD_BODY_RY Card 43 Activate the proper option and enter the data. Only the first card defined is valid for Structured.

*LOAD_BODY_RZ Card 44 Activate the proper option and enter the data. Only the first card defined is valid for Structured.

*LOAD_BODY_PARTS Card 45 Select component set.

LoadBodyGen *LOAD_BODY_ GENERALIZED

Card 46

LoadRbody *LOAD_RIGID_BODY

PrcrbRgd

*BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED _MOTION_RIGID

RIGID_LOCAL and _SET options are supported.

Dform2Rigid *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID

*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID AUTOMATIC

Select an arraycount for the PSID and MRB pairs.

Change the option to automatic and card edit. In the D2R fields enter the number of PIDs that need to be converted to Rigid. Create an entity set of comps of the slave PIDs and select the set.

Dform2RgdInertia *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_ INERTIA

BoundSPCset *BOUNDARY_SPC_SET

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Loads, Constraints, and Boundary Conditions

Several HyperMesh load types cause three cards to be output for x, y, and z components. During input, HyperMesh groups these into one load. Loads cannot be applied to sets, components, or boxes. Load curves are input and output. Use the Card Editor to select load curves.

HyperMesh Panel

Type Keyword Structured Notes

Constraints 1 *BOUNDARY_SPC Card 13 SPC

2 *BOUNDARY_ PRESCRIBED _MOTION_NODE

Card 26 VAD = 2

DOF 4, -4, 8, -8, 9, -9, 10, -10, 11, -11 are not supported

Forces 1 *LOAD_NODE_POINT Card 23 Point Loads

LS-DYNA Load Configs 1, 2, 3 and 4

Moments 1 *LOAD_NODE_POINT Card 23 Point Loads

LS-DYNA Load Configs 5, 6 7 and 8.

Pressures 2 *LOAD_SHELL_PRESSURE Card 24 Pressure BC

1 *LOAD_SEGMENT

Velocities 1 *BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_ MOTION_NODE

Card 26 VAD = 0

DOF 4, -4, 8, -8, 9, -9, 10, -10, 11, -11 are not supported

2 *INITIAL_VELOCITY Card 30 INITV = 3

For Structured output, global velocity is set to 0.0. For Structured input, non-zero values for INITV = 1 or INITV = 5 create HyperMesh velocities. INITV values of 2, 4, 6, and 7 are ignored.

Acceleration 1 *BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_ MOTION_NODE

Card 26 VAD = 1

DOF 4, -4, 8, -8, 9, -9, 10, -10, 11, -11 are not supported

HyperMesh Groups

HyperMesh groups are created from the interfaces and rigid wall panels. An LS-DYNA entity that utilizes a *SET_ [NODE,SHELL,PART, etc.] Keyword card belongs to a HyperMesh group, with the exception of Rigid Bodies/RBE2’s.

The interface panel allows you to define groups with HyperMesh configurations of 1, 2, 3, and 4. The difference among these configurations is the type of entities contained within the group.

Config 1 Holds master and slave elements.

Config 2 Holds master elements and slave nodes.

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Config 3 Holds slave elements.

Config 4 Holds slave nodes.

The rigid wall panel allows you to define a group with the HyperMesh configuration 5. This group configuration holds the additional geometric data for LS-DYNA rigid wall definitions.

Sliding Interfaces

• Accessed via the interfaces panel.

• The Keyword _TITLE option is supported. The _THERMAL(IREAD==3) option is not supported.

• Use the additional cards option in Keyword decks to select number of lines of data. If this is on, two additional cards are available.

• In Structured, additional cards are controlled by using the IREAD variable. Valid values are 0, 1, and 2.

• Boxes, part sets, and sets are supported.

• The $HMNAME fields are used for names. When using the _TITLE option, the 70-character field is considered a comment.

• If the line following the keyword (No TITLE option), or the first line of the Structured card contains $HM_NAME, the name supplied is read and used as the group’s name. If the string $HM_ID also exists, this is used as the group’s ID. NAME is 16 characters, starting in Column 9. ID field is 8 characters, starting in Column 35.

• The HyperMesh interface type defines the general type of the LS-DYNA Sliding Interface. Use the card previewer to make changes to the DYNA type.

HyperMesh Option Keyword *CONTACT_ Structured

SlidingOnly Defines a *CONTACT_SLIDING_ONLY_option card.

Off <nothing> Type 1

On PENALTY Type p1

SurfaceToSurface Defines a *CONTACT_option_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE card.

None <nothing> Type 3

Automatic AUTOMATIC_ Type a3

The None and Automatic options have an additional option to define a OneWayInterface. If this option is on, the following cards are created.

None and OneWay ONE_WAY_ Type 10

Automatic and OneWay AUTOMATIC_ONE_ WAY_

Type a10

Constraint CONSTRAINT_ Type 17

Eroding ERODING_ Type 14

TieBreak TIEBREAK_ Type 9

The Tied option has an additional option to define

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OFFSET.

Tied TIED Type 2

Tied and offset TIED_OFFSET

Tiedshell TIED_SHELL_EDGE

Tiedshell and offset TIED_SHELL_EDGE_OFFSET

NodesToSurface Defines a *CONTACT_option_NODES_TO_SURFACE card.

None <nothing> Type 5

Automatic AUTOMATIC Type a5

Constraint CONSTRAINT_ Type 18

Eroding ERODING_ Type 16

TieBreak TIEBREAK_ Type 8

The Tied option has an additional option to define OFFSET.

Tied TIED_ Type 6

Tied and offset TIED_OFFSET

SingleSurface Defines a *CONTACT_option_SINGLE_SURFACE card.

none <nothing> Type 4

Automatic AUTOMATIC_ Type 13

Airbag AIRBAG_ Type a13

Eroding ERODING_ Type 15

RgdBodyToRgd Body

Defines a *CONTACT_RIGID_BODY_option_TO RIGID_BODY card

Off ONE_WAY_ Type 21

On TWO_WAY_ Type 19

RgdNodeToRgd Body

N/A RIGID_NODES_TO_ RIGID BODY

Type 20

DrawBead N/A DRAW_BEAD Type 23

Interior Defines a *CONTACT_INTERIOR card.

AutomaticGeneral Defines a *CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_ GENERAL card.

ForceTransducer Defines a *CONTACT_FORCE_ TRANSDUCER_option card

On PENALTY

Off CONSTRAINT

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ContactSpotweld Defines a *CONTACT_SPOTWELD card

none

Torsion WITH_TORSION

ContactSIngEdge Defines a *CONTACT_SINGLE_EDGE card

To define a Type a5/*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_NODES_TO_SURFACE interface:

1. Select the NodeToSurface type.

2. Click create.

3. Edit the card.

4. Click Automatic.

Note that the Keyword or Type field will change.

Other Groups

Groups are accessed from the interfaces panel.

HyperMesh Keyword Structured

XtraNode *CONSTRAINED_EXTRA_NODES Card 37

• Use the card previewer to select the rigid body component to which these nodes are added.

• Only define this using the entity or set selection mechanism on the add subpanel of the interfaces panel.

Xsectionset *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_SET

Import of this card will be in Xsectionsetnew. This definition will be made obselete in the future versions

Card 21

• For better visualization, the _PLANE option is now on the ridigwalls panel.

• The slave definition also controls the card displayed in the card editor.

NodalForceGrp *DATABASE_NODAL_FORCE_GROUP Card 28

IntercompSegment *INTERFACE_COMPONENT_SEGMENT

IntercompNode *INTERFACE_COMPONENT_NODE

InterlinkSegment *INTERFACE_LINKING_SEGMENT

InterlinkNode *INTERFACE_LINKING_EDGE

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Altair Engineering Interfacing with LS-DYNA 21

*INTERFACE_LINKING_DISCRETE_NODE

Xsectionsetnew *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_SET

New definition allows the user to select multiple element sets simulatenously.

Card 21

Rigid Walls

The rigid wall panel supports planes (finite/infinite), prisms (finite/infinite), cylinders, and spheres. Motion options are available for all geometric configurations. For finite rigidwalls the negative numbers for LengthL and LengthM are treated as Infinite in the Dyna solver. If defined negative, HyperMesh moves the coordinates of the base node to make LengthL and LengthM positive during export.

The described geometry determines the completion of the keywords and/or structured options.

HyperMesh Keyword Structured Notes

XsectionPlane *DATABASE_CROSS_ SECTION_PLANE

Previously on the interfaces panel.

RWGeometric *RIGIDWALL_ GEOMETRIC

Stonewalls Card 27 LIMIT = 4, 5, 6, and 7

RWPlanar *RIGIDWALL_ PLANAR

The _FORCES option is also available.

Stonewalls Card 27 LIMIT = 1 and 2

ORTHO, FINITE, MOVING options supported.

ContEntity *CONTACT_ENTITY Geometric Contact Entity Card 58

Support for GEOTYPs 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 10.

Equations Equations are used to define linear constraints in local and global coordinate systems.

HyperMesh Keyword Structured

Equations CONSTRAINED_LINEAR Section 66

Output Blocks

• Used to define output requests via time history blocks.

• The _SET option is supported for Keyword (feinput only).

• When you define an element output block, select only one type of element, such as shells or beams. The first element of the output block defines the keyword or output order for the block.

• When you define a time history block for a Structured deck, limit the number of entities to 1000. HyperMesh does not support incremental numbering and LS-DYNA only allows 2000 numbers to be placed on the cards [start/finish]. HyperMesh outputs each entity number twice. This limit is non-existent in KEYWORD.

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HyperMesh Entity Keyword Structured

Nodes DATABASE_HISTORY_NODE Card 17

Solid Elems DATABASE_HISTORY_SOLID Card 18a

Beam Elems DATABASE_HISTORY_BEAM Card 18b

Shell Elems DATABASE_HISTORY_SHELL Card 18c

TShell Elems DATABASE_HISTORY_TSHELL Card 18d

sets DATABASE_HISTORY_NODE_SET

sets DATABASE_HISTORY_SOLID_SET

sets DATABASE_HISTORY_BEAM_SET

sets DATABASE_HISTORY_SHELL_SET

set DATABASE_HISTORY_TSHELL_SET

Vectors HyperMesh Keyword Structured Notes

Vectors *DEFINE_SD_ORIENTATION Card 50C

*DEFINE_VECTOR N/A When DefineVector is chosen.

Entity Sets

• HyperMesh reads the sets defined in an input deck

• Sets are supported on output, except _COLUMN and _GENERALoptions

• Element sets must be one type of element, determined by the first element in the set.

HyperMesh Entity Keyword

Nodes *SET_NODE_LIST

*SET_NODE_LIST_GENERATE on the card editor

Solid Elems *SET_SOLID

*SET_SOLID_GENERATE on the card editor

Beam Elems *SET_BEAM

*SET_BEAM_GENERATE on the card editor

Shell Elems *SET_SHELL_LIST

*SET_SHELL_LIST_GENERATE on the card editor

TShell Elems

*SET_TSHELL

*SET_TSHELL_GENERATE on the card editor

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Discrete

Comps

*SET_DISCRETE

*SET_DISCRETE_GENERATE on the card editor

*SET_PART_LIST

*SET_PART_LIST_GENERATE on the card editor

Curves

• Output of curves creates a *DEFINE_CURVE or Structured Card 22 using Option 0

• *DEFINE_CURVE can be changed to *DEFINE_TABLE in the card previewer. When DEFINE_CURVE is changed to DEFINE_TABLE, the number of curves the table should contain depends on the HyperMesh XY curves that are referenced by a load, material, component, property, and so on are output

• Upon input, the *DEFINE_CURVE and *DEFINE_TABLE/Card 22 cards are read and placed in a plot called LS-DYNA Load Curves

• Upon input, references to curves are preserved and are output along with the card, such as material, component, property, load and so on

Curves that are not referenced by HyperMesh entities can be output using the curves.key/ curves.seq templates. These curves can then be pasted into the deck created by the dyna936 templates. The curves templates output the curves that exist in the current model. By using the output displayed option and the display panel, a precise set of load curves can be created. This method allows you to create new curves or modify existing curves for LS-DYNA entities that HyperMesh does not support.

Sensors

The sensors panel allows you to create and review and modify sensors. The *ELEMENT_SEATBELT_SENSOR card can be created from this panel. Sensors can be referenced in the Retractor or Pretensioner cards.

Control Volumes

The control volume panel allows you to control volume objects within a model. The *AIRBAG_OPTION card is output from this panel. The POP option is supported for WANG_NEFSKE options.

The following options are supported:

• SIMPLE_PRESSURE_VOLUME

• SIMPLE_AIRBAG

• WANG_NEFSKE

• WANG_NEFSKE_JETTING

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Interfacing with LS-DYNA Altair Engineering 24

• HYBRID

• HYBRID_JETTING

To create the above airbag cards in the control vol panel:

1. Select the airbag subpanel.

2. Enter a name for the airbag.

3. Select card image = airbag.

There are three different ways to select entities that are defined in an airbag.

• Create a contact surf (*SET_SEGMENT) from the contact surfs panel and select that contact surf.

• Create an entity set of components (*SET_PART) in the entity sets panel and select that comp set.

• Select elements. This also exports at *SET_SEGMENT whose id is defined during export using the Dyna keyword template.

4. Click create.

5. Once an airbag is created with the selected entities, click edit to bring up the card image.

6. Select the required OPTION of *AIRBAG_OPTION.

The following reference geometry card is supported:

*AIRBAG_REFERENCE_GEOMETRY_OPTION_OPTION

• BIRTH

• _RDT

To create a reference geometry card in the control vol panel:

1. Select the reference geometry subpanel.

2. Enter a name for the reference geometry.

3. Select card image = airbagRefGeom.

4. Select the nodes that define the reference geometry.

5. Click create.

After you create the reference geometry, you can manipulate the original mesh (i.e., rotate, deform, scale, or translate the mesh to simulate airbag folding or other conditions). When you review the reference geometry, it displays the original nodal locations at the time that reference geometry was created. In this way, the reference geometry definition can be used to preserve IMM locations of the nodes. Once the reference geometry is created, click on edit to bring up the card image. Select the required OPTION of _BIRTH or/and _RDT

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Supported DYNA Keywords

*AIRBAG_SIMPLE_PRESSURE_VOLUME_{Optional ID}

*AIRBAG_SIMPLE_AIRBAG_MODEL_

*AIRBAG_WANG_NEFSKE_

*AIRBAG_WANG_NEFSKE_POP_

*AIRBAG_WANG_NEFSKE_JETTING_

*AIRBAG_WANG_NEFSKE_MULTIPLE_JETTING_

*AIRBAG_HYDBRID_

*AIRBAG_HYDBRID_JETTING_

*AIRBAG_REFERENCE_GEOMETRY_BIRTH_

*AIRBAG_REFERENCE_GEOMETRY_BIRTH_RDT_

*BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION_NODE

*BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION_RIGID

*BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION_RIGID_LOCAL

*BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION_SET

*BOUNDARY_SPC_NODE

*BOUNDARY_SPC_SET

*CONSTRAINED_EXTRA_NODES_NODE

*CONSTRAINED_EXTRA_NODES_SET

*CONSTRAINED_GENERALIZED_WELD_BUTT

*CONSTRAINED_GENERALIZED_WELD_FILLET

*CONSTRAINED_GENERALIZED_WELD_SPOT

*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_CYLINDRICAL_{option = LOCAL}

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*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_PLANAR_

*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_REVOLUTE_

*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_SPHERICAL_

*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_TRANSLATIONAL_

*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_LOCKING_

*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_UNIVERSAL_

*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_STIFFNESS_FLEXION-TORSION

*CONSTRAINED_JOINT_STIFFNESS_GENERALIZED

*CONSTRAINED_LINEAR

*CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODY_{option = INERTIA}

*CONSTRAINED_NODE_SET

*CONSTRAINED_RIGID_BODIES

*CONSTRAINED_RIVET

*CONSTRAINED_SPOTWELD

*CONTACT_OPTION1_OPTION2_OPTION3

Currently we support OPTION1 and OPTION3= TITLE

*CONTACT_AIRBAG_SINGLE_SURFACE

*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_NODES_TO_SURFACE

*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_ONE_WAY_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE

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*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SINGLE_SURFACE

*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE

*CONTACT_CONSTRAINT_NODES_TO_SURFACE

*CONTACT_CONSTRAINT_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE

*CONTACT_DRAWBEAD

*CONTACT_ERODING_NODES_TO_SURFACE

*CONTACT_ERODING_SINGLE_SURFACE

*CONTACT_ERODING_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE

*CONTACT_NODES_TO_SURFACE

*CONTACT_ONE_WAY_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE

*CONTACT_RIGID_NODES_TO_RIGID_BODY

*CONTACT_RIGID_BODY_ONE_WAY_TO_RIGID_BODY

*CONTACT_RIGID_BODY_TWO_WAY_TO_RIGID_BODY

*CONTACT_SINGLE_SURFACE

*CONTACT_SLIDING_ONLY

*CONTACT_SLIDING_ONLY_PENALTY

*CONTACT_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE

*CONTACT_TIEBREAK_NODES_TO_SURFACE

*CONTACT_TIEBREAK_SURFACE_TO_SURFACE

*CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_GENERAL

*CONTACT_FORCE_TRANSDUCER_PENALTY

*CONTACT_FORCE_TRANSDUCER_CONSTRAINT

*CONTACT_{option4=OFFSET} for TIED contacts

*CONTACT_TIED_SHELL_EDGE_TO_SURFACE

*CONTACT_SPOTWELD

*CONTACT_SPOTWELD_WITH_TORSION

*CONTACT_SINGLE_EDGE

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*CONTACT_ENTITY

*CONTACT_INTERIOR

*CONTROL_ACCURACY

*CONTROL_ADAPTIVE

*CONTROL_ALE

*CONTROL_BULK_VISCOSITY

*CONTROL_CONTACT

*CONTROL_COUPLING

*CONTROL_CPU

*CONTROL_DAMPING (Old dyna card for input only)

*CONTROL_DYNAMIC_RELAXATION

*CONTROL_ENERGY

*CONTROL_HOURGLASS

*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_AUTO

*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_DYNAMICS

*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_EIGENVALUE

*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_GENERAL

*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_SOLVER

*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_SOLUTION

*CONTROL_IMPLICIT_STABILIZATION

*CONTROL_OUTPUT

*CONTROL_PARALLEL

*CONTROL_SHELL

*CONTROL_SOLUTION

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*CONTROL_STRUCTURED

*CONTROL_STRUCTURED_TERM

*CONTROL_SUBCYCLE

*CONTROL_TERMINATION

*CONTROL_TIMESTEP

*CONTROL_RIGID

*DAMPING_GLOBAL

*DAMPING_PART_MASS

*DAMPING_PART_STIFFNESS

*DATABASE_OPTION

*DATABASE_BINARY_D3DRLF

*DATABASE_BINARY_D3DUMP

*DATABASE_BINARY_D3PLOT

*DATABASE_BINARY_D3THDT

*DATABASE_BINARY_INTFOR

*DATABASE_BINARY_RUNRSF

*DATABASE_BINARY_XTFILE

*DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_PLANE

*DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_SET

*DATABASE_EXTENT_AVS

*DATABASE_EXTENT_BINARY

*DATABASE_EXTENT_MOVIE

*DATABASE_EXTENT_MPGS

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*DATABASE_HISTORY_BEAM

*DATABASE_HISTORY_BEAM_SET

*DATABASE_HISTORY_NODE

*DATABASE_HISTORY_NODE_SET

*DATABASE_HISTORY_SHELL

*DATABASE_HISTORY_SHELL_SET

*DATABASE_HISTORY_SOLID

*DATABASE_HISTORY_SOLID_SET

*DATABASE_HISTORY_TSHELL

*DATABASE_HISTORY_TSHELL_SET

*DATABASE_NODAL_FORCE_GROUP

*DATABASE_SPRING_FORWARD

*DATABASE_SUPERPLASTIC_FORMING

*DATABASE_TRACER

*DEFINE_BOX

*DEFINE_COORDINATE_SYSTEM

*DEFINE_COORDINATE_NODES

*DEFINE_COORDINATE_NODES (Only for input)

*DEFINE_CURVE

*DEFINE_TABLE*DEFINE_SD_ORIENTATION

*DEFINE_VECTOR

*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID

*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_AUTOMATIC

*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_INERTIA

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*ELEMENT_BEAM

*ELEMENT_BEAM_THICKNESS

*ELEMENT_BEAM_PID

*ELEMENT_DISCRETE

*ELEMENT_INERTIA

*ELEMENT_MASS

*ELEMENT_SEATBELT_ACCELEROMETER

*ELEMENT_SEATBELT

*ELEMENT_SEATBELT_SENSOR

*ELEMENT_SEATBELT_RETRACTOR

*ELEMENT_SEATBELT_PRETENSIONER

*ELEMENT_SEATBELT_SLIPRING

*ELEMENT_SHELL

*ELEMENT_SHELL_BETA

*ELEMENT_SHELL_THICKNESS

*ELEMENT_SOLID

*ELEMENT_SOLID_ORTHO

*ELEMENT_TSHELL

*EOS_GRUNEISEN

*EOS_IGNITION_AND_GROWTH_OF_REACTION_IN_HE

*EOS_JWL

*EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL

*EOS_LINEAR_POLYNOMIAL_WITH_ENERGY_LEAK

*EOS_PROPELLANT_DEFLAGRATION

*EOS_RATIO_OF_POLYNOMIALS

*EOS_SACK_TUESDAY

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Interfacing with LS-DYNA Altair Engineering 32

*EOS_TABULATED

*EOS_TABULATED_COMPACTION

*EOS_TENSOR_PORE_COLLAPSE

*END

*HOURGLASS

*INCLUDE

*INITIAL_VELOCITY

*INITIAL_VELOCITY_NODE

*INITIAL_VELOCITY_GENERATION

*INTEGRATION_BEAM

*INTEGRATION_SHELL

*INTERFACE_COMPONENT_NODE

*INTERFACE_COMPONENT_SEGMENT

*INTERFACE_LINKING_SEGMENT

*INTERFACE_LINKING_EDGE

*INTERFACE_LINKING_DISCRETE_NODE_SET

*KEYWORD*LOAD_BODY_GENERALIZED

*LOAD_BODY_PARTS

*LOAD_BODY_RX

*LOAD_BODY_RY

*LOAD_BODY_RZ

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*LOAD_BODY_X

*LOAD_BODY_Y

*LOAD_BODY_Z

*LOAD_RIGID_BODY

*LOAD_NODE_POINT

*LOAD_SEGMENT

*LOAD_SHELL_ELEMENT*MAT_UNSUPPORTED

*MAT_ELASTIC

*MAT_ELASTIC_FLUID

*MAT_ORTHOTROPIC_ELASTIC

*MAT_ANISOTROPIC_ELASTIC

*MAT_PLASTIC_KINEMATIC

*MAT_SOIL_AND_FOAM

*MAT_VISCOELASTIC

*MAT_BLATZ-KO_RUBBER

*MAT_NULL

*MAT_ISOTROPIC_ELASTIC_PLASTIC

*MAT_SOIL_AND_FOAM_FAILURE

*MAT_JOHNSON_COOK

*MAT_POWER_LAW_PLASTICITY

*MAT_STRAIN_RATE_DEPENDENT_PLASTICITY

*MAT_RIGID

*MAT_COMPOSITE_DAMAGE

*MAT_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_PLASTICITY

*MAT_HONEYCOMB

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Interfacing with LS-DYNA Altair Engineering 34

*MAT_MOONEY-RIVLIN_RUBBER

*MAT_RESULTANT_PLASTICITY

*MAT_FORCE_LIMITED

*MAT_CLOSED_FORM_SHELL_PLASTICITY

*MAT_FRAZER_NASH_RUBBER_MODEL

*MAT_LAMINATED_GLASS

*MAT_FABRIC

*MAT_TRANSVERSELY_ANISOTROPIC_ELASTIC_PLASTIC

*MAT_FLD_TRANSVERSELY_ANISOTROPIC

*MAT_BAMMAN_DAMAGE

*MAT_CLOSED_CELL_FOAM

*MAT_ENHANCED_COMPOSITE_DAMAGE

*MAT_LOW_DENSITY_FOAM

*MAT_COMPOSITE_FAILURE

*MAT_COMPOSITE_FAILURE_SHELL

*MAT_COMPOSITE_FAILURE_SOLID

*MAT_COMPOSITE_FAILURE_MODEL

*MAT_VISCOUS_FOAM

*MAT_CRUSHABLE_FOAM

*MAT_RATE_SENSITIVE_POWERLAW_PLASTICITY

*MAT_LINEAR_ELASTIC_DISCRETE_BEAM

*MAT_SID_DAMPER_DISCRETE_BEAM

*MAT_CABLE_DISCRETE_BEAM

*MAT_HYPERELASTIC_RUBBER

*MAT_OGDEN_RUBBER

*MAT_PLASTICITY_WITH_DAMAGE

*MAT_MODIFIED_HONEYCOMB

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*MAT_SPRING_ELASTIC

*MAT_DAMPER_VISCOUS

*MAT_SPRING_ELASTOPLASTIC

*MAT_SPRING_NONLINEAR_ELASTIC

*MAT_DAMPER_NONLINEAR_VISCOUS

*MAT_SPRING_GENERAL_NONLINEAR

*MAT_SPRING_MAXWELL

*MAT_SPRING_INELASTIC

*MAT_SEATBELT

*MAT_NONLINEAR_PLASTIC_DISCRETE_BEAM

*MAT_CONCRETE_DAMAGE

*MAT_LOW_DENSITY_VISCOUS_FOAM

*MAT_FU_CHANG_FOAM

*MAT_MTS

*MAT_ACOUSTIC

*MAT_BRITTLE_DAMAGE

*MAT_SPOTWELD

*MAT_ANISOTROPIC_VISCOPLASTIC

*MAT_PLASTICITY_COMPRESSION_TENSION

*MAT_ELASTIC_PLASTIC_HYDRO

*MAT_THERMAL_ISOTROPIC

*MAT_THERMAL_ORTHOTROPIC

*MAT_THERMAL_ISOTROPIC_TD_LC

*NODE

*PART

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Interfacing with LS-DYNA Altair Engineering 36

*PART_INERTIA

*PART_REPOSITION

*PART_INERTIA_CONTACT

*PART_REPOSITION_CONTACT

*PART_{option = PRINT}

*PART_MOVE

*RIGIDWALL_GEOMETRIC_CYLINDER_{OPTION2 = MOTION}

*RIGIDWALL_GEOMETRIC_FLAT_

*RIGIDWALL_GEOMETRIC_PRISM_

*RIGIDWALL_GEOMETRIC_SPHERE_

*RIGIDWALL_PLANAR

*RIGIDWALL_PLANAR_ORTHO

*RIGIDWALL_PLANAR_ORTHO_FINITE

*RIGIDWALL_PLANAR_FINITE_MOVING

*RIGIDWALL_PLANAR_FINITE_MOVING_FORCES

*SECTION_BEAM

*SECTION_DISCRETE

*SECTION_SEATBELT

*SECTION_SHELL

*SECTION_SOLID

*SECTION_SOLID_ALE

*SECTION_TSHELL

*SET_NODE_LIST

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Altair Engineering Interfacing with LS-DYNA 37

*SET_NODE_LIST_GENERATE

*SET_PART_LIST

*SET_PART_LIST_GENERATE

*SET_SHELL_LIST

*SET_SHELL_LIST_GENERATE

*SET_SOLID

*SET_SOLID_GENERATE

*SET_DISCRETE

*SET_DISCRETE_GENERATE

*SET_BEAM

*SET_BEAM_GENERATE

*SET_TSHELL

*SET_TSHELL_GENERATE

*SET_SEGMENT*TITLE

Results Translation

hmdyna translates files from the force database and state database to HyperMesh binary results files. To translate force database files, use the command line option -force. To translate state database files, use the command line option -state. -state is the default and is used for translating d3plot files. If neither -force nor -state is specified in the command line, state database files are translated by default. The syntax to run the translator is:

hmdyna [arguments] <input file> <output file> <model file>

The following options can be used in conjunction with -state.

Flag Meaning

-t Temperatures

-d Displacements

-v Velocities

-a Accelerations

-xx Sigma xx

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-yy Sigma yy

-zz Sigma zz

-xy Sigma xy

-yz Sigma yz

-zx Sigma zx

-von von Mises stress

-ps Plastic Strains

-ebv Extra brick variables

-esv Extra shell variables

-epxx Epsilon xx

-epyy Epsilon yy

-epzz Epsilon zz

-epxy Epsilon xy

-epyz Epsilon yz

-epzx Epsilon zx

-af Axial force

-srs Shear Resultant-s

-srt Shear Resultant-t

-bms Bending Moment-s

-bmt Bending Moment-t

-tr Torsional Resultant

-bmxx Bending Moment-mxx

-bmyy Bending Moment-myy

-bmxy Bending Moment-mxy

-qxx Shear Resultant-qxx

-qyy Shear Resultant-qyy

-nxx Normal Resultant-nxx

-nyy Normal Resultant-nyy

-nxy Normal Resultant-nxy

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-th Thickness

-eld1 Element Dependent Variable 1

-eld2 Element Dependent Variable 2

-ie Internal Energy

-inner Lower Surface

-outer Upper Surface

-mid Mid Surface

-max Maximum of top and bottom surface values

--max Option to turn off Maximum

-902 Version 902

-float Float format

-3s1 3-D Principal Strain 1 (Minimum 3-D Principal Strain)

-3s2 3-D Principal Strain 2 (Maximum 3-D Principal Strain)

-3s3 3-D Principal Strain 1 (Second 3-D Principal Strain)

-3sh 3-D Maximum Shear Strain

-3S1 3-D Principal Stress 1 (Minimum 3D Principal Stress)

-3S2 3-D Principal Stress 2 (Maximum 3D Principal Stress)

-3S3 3-D Principal Stress 3 (Second Principal Stress 3D)

-3Sh 3-D Maximum Shear Stress

-stepN Step increment. If N is 1, translation is performed for steps 1, 2, 3, and so on. If N is 2, translation is performed for steps 2, 4, 6, and so on.

-h3d Outputs file to an H3D file instead of to an hmresults file. The file includes model and results information that was translated. The model must contain geometry for it to be output to an H3D file.

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The following options can be used in conjunction with -force. -force must be specified as an argument and is used for the iff file from LS-DYNA. The iff file needs to be requested from LS-DYNA using the command line syntax S=iff.

Flag Meaning

-d Displacements

-v Velocities

-nip Normal Interface Pressure

-miss Maximum Interface Shear Stress

-ssr Shear stress in local r-direction of segment

-sss Shear stress in local s-direction of segment

-xfe X-Force on element (4-noded elements only)

-yfe Y-Force on element (4-noded elements only)

-zfe Z-Force on element (4-noded elements only)

The following options are common to both the -state and -force options:

Flag Meaning

-stepN Step increment. If N is 1, translation is performed for steps 1, 2, 3, etc. If N is 2, translation is performed for steps 2, 4, 6, and so on.

-disk Translation is performed on disk (default off)

-size Number of entities (10000 default)

-file Scratch file name (default off)

The following parameters are also available when the results translation is not performed on the analysis machine. One of these parameters may need to be specified to indicate where the analysis result file was created:

Parameter Analysis File Created On

-cray Cray

-dec Dec 5000

-decalpha Dec Alpha

-hp Hewlett Packard

-ibm IBM RS\6000

-pc PC

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Altair Engineering Interfacing with LS-DYNA 41

-sgi SGI

-sun Sun

When the number of integration points is more than 3, in the case of shell elements, LS-DYNA outputs as many sets of stresses as the number of integration points. The first three sets of these stresses are the midsurface, inner surface and outer surface stresses. The remaining stresses in the d3plot files are output in the following form in HyperMesh:

<stress var>, from setN, where <stress var> can be one of Sigmaxx, Sigmayy, Sigmazz, Sigmaxy, Sigmayz, and Sigmazx. N varies from 4 to MAXINT (number of integration points), with an increment of 1.

The same rule applies to the plastic strains and additional history variables for shell elements.

The supported results for the state database include:

nodal

Temperatures

Displacements

Velocities

Accelerations

bricks

Sigma - xx (mid)

Sigma - yy (mid)

Sigma - zz (mid)

Sigma - xy (mid)

Sigma - yz (mid)

Sigma - zx (mid)

von Mises Stress (mid)

Effective plastic strain (mid)

History variables (mid)

Epsilon - xx (mid)

Epsilon - yy (mid)

Epsilon - zx (mid)

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Interfacing with LS-DYNA Altair Engineering 42

Epsilon - xy (mid)

Epsilon - yz (mid)

Epsilon - zx (mid)

Principal Strain 3D1 (mid)

Principal Strain 3D2 (mid)

Principal Strain 3D3 (mid)

Maximum Shear Strain 3D (mid)

Principal Stress 3D1 (mid)

Principal Stress 3D2 (mid)

Principal Stress 3D3 (mid)

Maximum Shear Stress 3D (mid)

brick shells

Sigma - xx (inner, outer, mid and max)

Sigma - yy (inner, outer, mid and max)

Sigma - zz (inner, outer, mid and max)

Sigma - xy (inner, outer, mid and max)

Sigma - yz (inner, outer, mid and max)

Sigma - zx (inner, outer, mid and max)

von Mises stress (inner, outer, mid and max)

Effective Plastic Strain (inner, outer, mid and max)

Additional history variables (inner, outer and mid)

Epsilon - xx (inner and outer)

Epsilon - yy (inner and outer)

Epsilon - zz (inner and outer)

Epsilon - xy (inner and outer)

Epsilon - yz (inner and outer)

Epsilon - zx (inner and outer)

Principal Strain 3D1 (inner and outer)

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Altair Engineering Interfacing with LS-DYNA 43

Principal Strain 3D2 (inner and outer)

Principal Strain 3D3 (inner and outer)

Maximum Shear Strain 3D (inner and outer)

Principal Stress 3D1 (inner, outer and mid)

Principal Stress 3D2 (inner, outer and mid)

Principal Stress 3D3 (inner, outer and mid)

Maximum Shear Stress 3D (inner, outer and mid)

beams

Axial Force

Shear resultant - s

Shear resultant - t

Bending moment - s

Bending moment - t

Torsional resultant

4-noded shells

Sigma - xx (inner, outer, mid, max and at integration points 4, 5 etc up to MAXINT)

Sigma - yy (inner, outer, mid, max and at integration points 4, 5 etc. up to MAXINT)

Sigma - zz (inner, outer, mid, max and at integration points 4, 5 etc. up to MAXINT)

Sigma - xy (inner, outer, mid, max and at integration points 4, 5 etc. up to MAXINT)

Sigma - yz (inner, outer, mid, max and at integration points 4, 5 etc. up to MAXINT)

Sigma - zx (inner, outer, mid, max and at integration points 4, 5 etc. up to MAXINT)

von Mises Stress (inner, outer, mid and max)

Effective Plastic Strain (inner, outer, mid, max and at integration points 4, 5 etc up to MAXINT)

Additional history variables (inner, outer, mid and at integration points 4, 5 etc. up to MAXINT)

Bending moment - mxx

Bending moment - myy

Bending moment - mxy

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Interfacing with LS-DYNA Altair Engineering 44

Shear resultant - qxx

Shear resultant - qyy

Normal resultant - nxx

Normal resultant - nyy

Normal resultant - nxy

Thickness

Element Dependent Variable1

Element Dependent Variable2

Internal Energy

Epsilon - xx (inner and outer)

Epsilon - yy (inner and outer)

Epsilon - zz (inner and outer)

Epsilon - xy (inner and outer)

Epsilon - yz (inner and outer)

Epsilon - zx (inner and outer)

Principal Strain 3D1 (inner and outer)

Principal Strain 3D2 (inner and outer)

Principal Strain 3D3 (inner and outer)

Maximum Shear Strain 3D (inner and outer)

Principal Stress 3D1 (inner, outer and mid)

Principal Stress 3D2 (inner, outer and mid)

Principal Stress 3D3 (inner, outer and mid)

Maximum Shear Stress 3D (inner, outer and mid)

The supported results for the force database include the following:

nodal

Displacements

Velocities

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Altair Engineering Interfacing with LS-DYNA 45

4-noded elements

Normal interface pressure

Maximum interface shear stress

Shear stress in local r-direction of segment

Shear stress in local s-direction of segment

X-force on element

Y-force on element

Z-force on element

3-noded elements

Normal interface pressure

Maximum interface shear stress

Shear stress in local r-direction of segment

Shear stress in local s-direction of segment

The following table lists the LS-DYNA elements and their HyperMesh equivalents for the state database:

LS-DYNA HyperMesh

Bricks Hex8

Brick Shells Hex8

Beams Plot

4-noded shells Quad4

The following table lists the LS-DYNA elements and their HyperMesh equivalents for the force database:

LS-DYNA HyperMesh

4-noded elements Quad4

3-noded elements Tria3

LS-DYNA ASCII results files can be used to create data curves in HyperMesh using the edit curves subpanel on the xy plot panel. See the edit curves documentation in the HyperMesh User’s On-line Help for instructions on how to input the curves. To set the output for these files, use the DBOpts Control Card.

Import Template LS-DYNA Result File

defgeo.tpl DEFGEO Deformed Geometry

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Interfacing with LS-DYNA Altair Engineering 46

rbdout.tpl RBDOUT Rigid Body Data

gceout.tpl GCEOUT Geometric Contact Entities

nodfor.tpl NODFOR Nodal force groups

deforc.tpl DEFORC Discrete elements

ncforc.tpl NCFORC Nodal interface forces

swforc.tpl SWFORC Nodal Constraint reaction forces

sbtout.tpl SBTOUT Seat Belt output file

jntforc.tpl JNTFORC Joint Force file

abstat.tpl ABSTAT Airbag Statistics

secforc.tpl SECFORC Cross Section Forces

spcforc.tpl SPCFORC SPC reaction forces

nodout.tpl NODOUT Nodal Point data w/o rotations

nodout2.tpl NODOUT2 Nodal Point Data with rotations

sleout.tpl SLEOUT Sliding Interface energy

rwforc.tpl RWFORC Wall forces

rcforc.tpl RCFORC Resultant interface forces for only master elements

rcforc2.tpl RCFORC Resultant interface forces for master and slave elements

matsum.tpl MATSUM Material energies without hourglass

matsum2.tpl MATSUM Material energies with hourglass

glstat.tpl GLSTAT Global Data without hourglass

glstat2.tpl GLSTAT Global Data with hourglass

elout.tpl ELOUT Element data

Viewing the Results

If the model file option is selected, an ASCII model file is created. You can use this ASCII model file to view the model in HyperMesh.

To import the model file and view the results:

1. Select the files panel.

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Altair Engineering Interfacing with LS-DYNA 47

2. Select the results subpanel.

3. Click file = and enter the name of the results file, or click on file = again to browse the directory structure for the correct file.

4. Select the import subpanel.

5. Click EXTERNAL if it is not already selected.

6. Click translator = and enter hmascii [.exe], or click translator = again to browse the directory structure for the translator.

7. Click filename = and enter the name of the model file, or click filename = again to browse the directory structure for the file.

8. Click import.

9. Go to the Post page, which contains the contour and the transient panels.

The results can be viewed as a contour or assign plot, or as a transient animation.

Creating Cards Control Cards

*DATABASE_OPTION cards in Keyword are listed on the DBOpt control card in HyperMesh. An active field is output as the appropriate individual card in the data deck.

A control card can be in one of three states:

State Color Explanation

Undefined Gray The control card was either never created or was deleted.

Defined (See NOTE) Green Any control card viewed in the card previewer is activated.

Inactive Red A card that has been defined may be disabled. The attributes for that card remain; however, the control card is not output.

NOTE Those control cards that are defined (green in the control card editor) are output.

Default values for attributes are common throughout the card previewer. A default value field has one of the following states:

State Description

Default = ON In this state, the field label color is yellow and no data entry is allowed.

Default = OVERRIDDEN To override a default value field, pick the yellow field label. When you override a default value field, the label text color changes to cyan and allows you to enter data in the field.

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Interfacing with LS-DYNA Altair Engineering 48

Systems

The systems cards can be previewed, but not edited.

Nodes

These cards can be previewed, but not edited.

Elements

1. To edit these cards, select card from the permanent menu.

2. Select the elements to edit.

3. If more than one config or type of element is selected, enter the Config and Type to in the fields provided. Only one config and type of element can be edited simultaneously.

*CONSTRAINED_SPOTWELD/Card 13

Normal and shear failure values can be edited.

*CONSTRAINED_GENERALIZED_WELD/Card 36

Spot(default)/type 1, Fillet/type 2, and Butt/type 3 failure modes are supported. Failure information is based on weld type selected. Coordinate System ID can be selected.

No Failure/Type 0 Card 36 entities are defined as *CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODIES in Keyword. They are a separate element type in HyperMesh.

*ELEMENT_DISCRETE/ Card 50 Scale factor, printing flags, and offset values can be edited. *ELEMENT_BEAM / Card 8

Thickness option can be added. This allows you to edit the parameters based on the element formulation in the property to which the beam points.

*ELEMENT_SHELL / Card 9

Thickness and beta options can be added singularly or together. This allows you to edit the thickness and material angles to override the SECTION card.

Components, Properties, and Materials

These are edited using the card image subpanel on the collectors panel. See Supported Cards.

Loads

1. To edit these cards, select card on the permanent menu.

2. Select the loads to edit.

3. If more than one config or type of load is selected, enter the Config and Type to edit in the fields provided. Only one config and type of load can be edited simultaneously.

Editable Fields

If a load is not mentioned below, it does not have any editable fields. However, that load can still be displayed in the card previewer. See the Loads section above for a complete list of the LS-DYNA entities that HyperMesh treats as loads.

*LOAD_NODE_POINT / Card 23 A load curve can be selected for these loads.

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*BOUNDARY_SPC_NODE / Card 13 A local coordinate system can be selected. *BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION_NODE / Card 26 A loading condition release time can be specified. A load curve can also be specified.

Curves Edit by selecting card on the permanent menu. Editable values include stress initialization, offset values, and data type.

Groups Edit using the card image subpanel on the Interfaces or Rigid Walls panels.

Output Blocks Use the card previewer to view block entity IDs. Data on LS-DYNA output blocks cannot be edited.

Sets Use the card previewer to view the set entity IDs. The default LS-DYNA attribute values for the set can be edited. Individual values cannot be edited.

To set the Scale Factor on a spring element:

1. Select card on the permanent menu.

2. Select the elements to be edited.

3. Click spring in the config = box.

4. Click edit.

5. Change the values on the cards and press return.

LS-DYNA KEY Macro Menu

The LS-DYNA KEY macro menu, dyna_key.mac, contains shortcuts and tools that can help simplify LS-DYNA tasks.

To load the LS-DYNA KEY macro menu:

1. Load a valid LS-DYNA keyword template.

2. Click options on the permanent menu.

3. Select the menu config subpanel.

4. Click macro menu= and select ~altairhome/hm/version/scripts/dynakey/dyna_key.mac.

5. Click retrieve.

The LS-DYNA KEY macro menu contains the following submenus:

Disp menu

Tools menu

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A-D menu

D-R menu

To create an LS-DYNA weld:

6. Select options from the permanent menu.

7. Select the menu config panel.

8. Retrieve the macro file, scripts\dynakey\dyna_key.mac.

9. Click return.

10. From the files panel, load a HyperMesh model.

11. Click Tools on the macro menu.

12. Click Spot welds in the macro menu.

13. Click Spot welds.

The Ls-Dyna weld Creation dialog is displayed.

Attach to shell elems is off by default.

14. Using the browser, select the Master Weld File (MWF).

This file provides information regarding the weld locations and the parts that are to be connected.

15. Select the specific part option (By ID or By Name) depending on the part information in master weld file. If the master weld file has part IDs, select By ID.

Currently supported master weld files can have either part IDs or part names but not a combination of both.

16. Select one of the following options from the weld element type list.

Bar2 Rod

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Gap Spring

Plot Weld

Rigid

Note: For Bar2:

The script creates components named NTweldComponents where N = 2, 3, 4 for 2T/3T/4T welding. Therefore, all 2T welds would be put into the 2TweldComponents collector. The script also creates a property card named mat100_prop of type Section_Beam and sets the attribute ELFORM of the *Element_Beam option to TYPE 9.

The SID attribute of the NTweldComponents components in the PART card is then updated with the Property card ID.

17. Check Attach to shell elems, if required.

18. Click Create welds.

Notes: Create welds reads in the MWF with all the weld location information and parts to be connected, and creates points at those locations. The specified weld is then created between the parts specified in the weld location file.

If Attach to shell elems is checked, 1-D connection elements are created that attach the welds to neighboring shell elements by internally remeshing the surrounding shell elements.

The tolerance factor is not the actual search tolerance but a factor that determines the search tolerance. The search tolerance is calculated as shown below:

Search Tolerance = Tolerance Factor * max_component_thickness

The max_component_thickness is determined by obtaining the thickness of parts/components specified in the weld location file for a given location. HyperMesh searches for the thickness of a component from the *Section_Shll card defined for each component. If the card is not defined or if the thickness of components being connected at a location is zero, the search tolerance will be the tolerance factor.

Any additions required to create specific weld element types other than beams can be done using the script. The script can be modified to create and define contacts or other requirements for Ls-Dyna solver requirements.

Disp Menu

The Disp menu is identical to the Disp menu found in the HyperMesh default macro menu. It contains tools that allow you to control display options.

Light Source allows you to change the direction of the source of the light. Nine locations for the light source are available:

Light source is located at the upper left corner, upper middle, and upper right corner of the screen, respectively.

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Light source is located on the left side of the screen, normal to the screen, and right of the screen, respectively.

Light source is located at the lower left corner, lower middle, and lower right corner of the screen, respectively.

Specularity Allows you to modify the specularity or reflectiveness of the model. Four different levels of specularity are available: none, high, medium and low.

Display Geom Turn on/off the geometry in the model.

Elems Turn on/off the elements in the model.

Shrink Shrink the elements in the model by 20%.

Gfx Display the model either in performance or standard graphics mode.

vis opts Select the topology visualization mode for displaying the model. Four modes are available:

0 Standard mode.

1 Component color. The model is always displayed with the edges the same color as the associated component, even in the automesh panel.

2 Topology mode. The surface edges are displayed according to connectivity, as in the geom cleanup panel.

3 Shaded mode. Allows you to view the model in shaded mode regardless of which panel you are currently using.

surf line Place surface lines on a model. You can place one, two, three, or no lines on each surface.

mask ln Masks all of the displayed lines in the model.

mask nod Removes all of the displayed temporary nodes.

only comps Turns off every type of collector except component collectors.

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Tools Menu

The Tools menu contains tools that can help simplify safety tasks. The following macros are included:

Find free Finds the welds (*Constained_Spotweld), rigids (*Constrained_Node_Sets & *Constrained_Nodal_RigidBody), and rigidlinks (*Constrained_Node_Sets & *Constrained_Nodal_RigidBody), and checks if any of its nodes are free (not connected to any other entities). The display is cleared and then only free 1d elements are displayed.

Find_fix free Finds the welds, rigids, and rigidlinks that are free as described above (Find free macro). These elements are corrected as follows:

All 2-noded rigid and weld elements that have one free node are deleted. For the rigidlink elements that have free nodes, those nodes are removed from the rigidlink element. A check is performed for any rigidlinks with only one node and they are deleted.

Fix incorrect Finds:

19. Rigid elements (rigids, welds) that are connected to other rigids and combines them into one rigid element. If the connected rigids are of different types (*constrained_node_set or *constrained_nodal_rigidbody) it retains the type of the first rigid element it encounters.

20. Rigid elements that are connected to other xtra_nodes_to_rigidbodies and converts them to xtra_nodes.

21. Rigid elements connected directly to rigid component (MAT 20) will be converted to xtra_nodes.

SpotWelds An automation tool that generates mesh independent MAT100 weld elements from a Master Weld File (MWF).

Input: Master Weld File; Tolerance factor (TF)

Process: For each weld point in the MWF, HyperMesh determines all the elements of the given components that fall within the search tolerance of the point. Search tolerance = Tolerance factor*higher of the thickness of the welding components. HyperMesh then projects the weld point onto these elements and creates a beam element (MAT100). It then connects these beam elements to the corresponding shell structural elements with plots. (These plot elements are for easy review purposes only and are not exported to the dyna deck). The beam elements are sorted into various components depending on the number of parts they connect (2TweldComponent, 3Tweldcomponent etc). A *Section_Beam property named mat100_prop is created with element formulation 9 and this property is assigned to all the weld components. A *Contact_SpotWeld is created with all the connected structural parts in the master component set and the weld components in

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the slave component set.

Output: Beam elements (representing MAT100 Spotwelds). Plot elements connecting the beams to structure (will not be exported to dyna). Weld component (2TweldComponent, 3Tweldcomponent, etc.) that contains the beams and plots, and has a beam section assigned to it. Beam property – a mat100_prop Beam section property. Set_contact_part_list component set that contains all the comp ids in the MWF. Set_contact_Spotwelds component set that contains the weld components (2TweldComponent, 3Tweldcomponent, etc.). Contact_Spotweld group created with Set_contact_part_list as master set and Set_contact_Spotwelds as slave set.

RLs with Sets HyperMesh 5.1 supports a rigid element that can have a node set attached to it. This type of rigid element improves the entity correspondence between HyperMesh and LS-DYNA. In LS-DYNA, a rigid element is a *Constrained card with a node set attached to it. When such an entity is imported into HyperMesh 5.0 (or earlier) all the nodes in the node set are converted to connectivity nodes of the rigid element and the node set is not imported. When a dyna file is exported, a new non-conflicting ID is selected and a node set is created with the connectivity nodes of the rigid element. This could result in varying node set ids for these *Constrained cards. Even though this would not affect the validity of the dyna file itself, it could cause confusion if you are trying to compare multiple dyna files. This new rigid element resolves that issue by allowing a set to be assigned to the rigid element where the nodes in the set are the dependent nodes of the rigid element. In HyperMesh 5.1, when a dyna file is imported, the *Constrained cards are converted to rigids with sets where the set id is obtained from the dyna file. But if you read in a Hypermesh 5.0 file that contains the old type of rigid elements, a set is not assigned to it.

This macro finds all the rigid and rigidlink elements that are not attached to a set and converts them to attach to a set. This results in the creation of a node set for each rigid element that has been converted.

Content table Displays a tabular list of all the components that exist in the model. For each component, the following items are displayed:

ID Component ID

NAME Component Name

SECT ID ID of the property assigned to the component

SECT NAME Name of the property assigned to the component

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SECT TYPE Type of the property assigned to the component

THICKNESS If ’SECT TYPE’ is *SECTION_SHELL, the thickness of that section

MAT ID ID of the material assigned to the component

MAT NAME Name of the material assigned to the component

MAT TYPE Type of the material assigned to the component

Of the above listed items, Comp NAME, SECT NAME, THICKNESS, and MAT NAME are editable fields. You can modify these fields and click update to change them in the HyperMesh database.

Note: If multiple components have the same section or material assigned to them, changing the SECT NAME field at one location updates it wherever that section is used.

A-D Menu

The A-D menu contains shortcuts to HyperMesh panels used for creating various dyna entities.

Macro: To create:

*Airbag *AIRBAG_Option cards

Tools page – Safety module – control vol panel

*Boundary_prsbd_node *BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION_NODE card with velocity

BCs page – load types panel – update velocity to prcrb Vel – BCs page – velocities panel

*Boundary_prsbd_rigid *BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_MOTION_RIGID

BCs page – collectors panel – load collectors – set type to PrcrbRigid

*Boundary_SPC *BOUNDARY_SPC_NODE card

BCs page – load types panel – update constraints to BoundSPC – BCs page – constraints panel

*Constrained_Nrigid *CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODY card

1D page – element types panel – update rigids to RgdBody – 1D page – rigids panel

*Constrained_Nset *CONSTRAINED_NODE_SET card

1D page – element types panel – update rigids to ConNode – 1D page – rigids panel

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*Constrained_XtraN *CONSTRAINED_EXTRA_NODES_SET card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to XtraNode

*Constrained_Spotw *CONSTRAINED_SPOTWELD card

1D page – element types panel – update welds to SpotWeld – 1D page – spotweld panel

*Constrained_ Rivet *CONSTRAINED_RIVET card

1D page – element types panel – update welds to Rivet – 1D page – spotweld panel

*Constrained_ Gweld Create *CONSTRAINED_GENERALRIZED_WELD card

1D page – element types panel – update rigids to Gweld – 1D page – rigids panel

*Constrained_Joint *CONSTRAINED_JOINT_type card

1D page – fe joints panel

*Constrained_Linear *CONSTRAINED_LINEAR card

BCs page – equations panel

*Contact_ S_Surf *CONTACT_option_SINGLE_SURFACE card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to SingleSurface

*Contact_ S_to_S *CONTACT_option_ SURFACE_TO_SURFACE card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to SurfaceToSurface

*Contact_ N_to_S *CONTACT_option_ NODES_TO_SURFACE card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to NodesToSurface

*Contact_ Slide *CONTACT_option_ SLIDING_ONLY card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to SlidingOnly

*Contact_ Inter *CONTACT_ INTERIOR card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to Interior

*Contact_ Entity *CONTACT_ENTITY card

BCs page – rigid walls panel - set type to ContEntity

*Contact_ Rb_Rb *CONTACT_RIGID_BODY_TO_RIGID_BODY card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to

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RgdBodyToRgdBody

*Contact_ RN_Rb *CONTACT_RIGID_NODES_TO_RIGID_BODY card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to RgdNodeToRgdBody

*Contact_ A_Gen *CONTACT_AUTOMATIC_GENERAL card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to AutomaticGeneral

*Contact_ForceT *CONTACT_FORCE_TRANSDUCER card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to ForceTransducer

*Contact_DrawBd *CONTACT_DRAWBEAD card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to DrawBead

*Database_Ascii *DATABASE_option cards

BCs page – control cards panel – Dbase Opts

*Database_Bin *DATABASE_BINARY_option cards

BCs page – control cards panel

*Database_Sec_P *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_PLANE cards

BCs page – rigid walls panel - set type to XSectionPlane

*Database_Sec_N *DATABASE_CROSS_SECTION_NODE cards

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to XSection_Set

*Database_Hist_N *DATABASE_HISTORY_NODE cards

BCs page – output block panel

*Database_NFG *DATABASE_NODAL_FORCE_GROUP cards

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to NodalForceGrp

D-R Menu

The D-R menu contains shortcuts to HyperMesh panels used for creating various dyna entities.

Macro: To create:

*Define_Curve *DEFINE_CURVE card

Post page – xy plots model – edit curves panel

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*Define_Sytem *DEFINE_COORDINATE_SYSTEM card

Geom page – systems panel

*Define_Vector *DEFINE_VECTOR card

1D page – vectors panel

*Define_SD *DEFINE_SD_ORIENTATION card

1D page – vectors panel

*Deform_2_rigid *DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_option card

BCs page – collectors panel – load collectors - set type to Dform2Rigid

*Element_beam *ELEMENT_BEAM card

1D page – bars panel

*Element_dscret *ELEMENT_DISCRETE card

1D page – springs panel

*Element_inert *ELEMENT_INERTIA card

1D page – element types panel – set mass to Inertia and then 1D page – masses panel

*Element_mass *ELEMENT_MASS card

1D page – element types panel – set mass to Mass and then 1D page – masses panel

*Element_sbelt *ELEMENT_SEATBELT card

Tools page – Safety module – seatbelt panel

*Element_accel *ELEMENT_SEATBELT_ACCELEROMETER card

2D page – element types panel – set tria3 to Accel and then 2D page – edit elements panel

*Element_preten *ELEMENT_SEATBELT_PRETENSIONER card

Tools page – Safety module – element types panel – set mass to Retractor

Tools page – Safety module – 0-D elems panel

*Element_retrac *ELEMENT_SEATBELT_RETRACTOR card

Tools page – Safety module – element types panel – set mass to

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Retractor

Tools page – Safety module – 0-D elems panel

*Element_slipr *ELEMENT_SEATBELT_SLIPRING card

Tools page – Safety module – element types panel – set mass to Slipring

Tools page – Safety module – 0-D elems panel

*Element_sensr *ELEMENT_SEATBELT_SENSOR card

Tools page – Safety module – sensors panel

*Initial_Velocity *INITIAL_VELOCITY card

BCs page – collectors panel – load collectors - set type to InitialVel

node *INITIAL_VELOCITY_NODE card

BCs page – load types panel – update velocity to InitVel and then BCs page – velocities panel

gen *INITIAL_VELOCITY_GENERATION card

BCs page – collectors panel – load collectors - set type to InitialVel

*Interface_cmp_S *INTERFACE_COMPONENT_SEGMENT card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to InterCompSegment

*Interface_cmp_N *INTERFACE_COMPONENT_NODE card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to InterCompNode

*Interface_link_S *INTERFACE_LINKING_SEGMENT card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to InterLinkSegment

*Interface_link_N *INTERFACE_LINKING_NODE card

BCs page – interfaces panel - set type to InterLinkNode

*Load_body *LOAD_BODY_option cards

BCs page – collectors panel – load collectors - set type to LoadBody

*Load_bdygen *LOAD_BODY_GENERALIZED card

BCs page – collectors panel – load collectors - set type to LoadBodyGen

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*Load_rgdbdy *LOAD_RIGID_BODY card

BCs page – collectors panel – load collectors - set type to LoadRBody

*Load_nod_pt *LOAD_NODE_POINT card

BCs page – forces panel

*Rigidwall_geom *RIGIDWALL_GEOMETRIC_option cards

BCs page – rigid walls panel - set type to RWGeometric

*Rigidwall_planar *RIGIDWALL_PLANAR_option cards

BCs page – rigid walls panel - set type to RWPlanar

Tips and Techniques

The template design in LS-DYNA favors Keyword format over Structured. When a choice was available as to how to implement a functionality, most of the decisions were made to suit Keyword rather than Structured. Most of the HyperMesh entity names are derived from Keyword. The main exception is HyperMesh material names.

When you import a Structured deck or output a Keyword deck, or vice versa, inspect the control cards for proper values.

Several cards have fields that are displayed as needed, based on other information on the card. An example of this is the shell section card. When a positive number of integration points is specified, and ICOMP is set to 1, you can enter material angles in available fields.

All curves defined in a model are output. This process has changed from previous versions. Since HyperView is included in HyperWorks 5.0, HyperMesh need not be used to post process.

To output all curves defined in a model, use the curves templates. If you use the displayed output option and have only the necessary curves displayed in the graphics area, you can create a small, simple file.

Element Numbering

Element numbering may be a problem between LS-DYNA and HyperMesh. LS-DYNA allows different types of elements, such as *ELEMENT_BEAM and *ELEMENT_SHELL, to have the same number. HyperMesh does not allow this and decks may be renumbered during feinput.

When you import a data deck, a message file is created (dynakey.msg or dynaseq.msg) in the directory that contains the HyperMesh executable. This is the same directory that stores your command.cmf file. This file contains information generated from the deck input. The unread cards are identified here, as well as problems that may occur during the input process.

NOTE If you change attribute numbers in the template files, the input deck is invalid. New numbers can be added, but existing numbers cannot be changed.

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Working with Load Curves

Load curves can be read from disk files or created manually within HyperMesh.

$HMERROR and other error codes in templates

Sometimes, when LS-DYNA specific errors are found when outputting a HyperMesh model, the signal $HMERROR is written to the output deck. An example of this is defining a *CONSTRAINED_NODE_SET with rotational constraints specified. Often, when this signal is written, a user value has been changed, and you are notified of that change.

Another error signal is a field containing a +/- 99. This is the result of a particular field being under- or over-specified. This signal is also displayed if HyperMesh cannot interpret the given information.

Translating Solid and Discrete Sections and Properties

Solid and Discrete Sections and Properties do not translate smoothly between Keyword and Structured.

Solids

A *SECTION_SOLID card is generated and associated with the component’s *PART card if:

• You are writing a Keyword deck

• The component contains solid elements

• A property is not selected

If you are writing a Structured deck, and an invalid solid property is defined for output, the SID value is set to zero and the property is not written to the deck.

Discrete Elements

When writing a Keyword deck, a part is generated if discrete elements exist in the component and a *PART is not defined. The *SECTION_DISCRETE property used by the first element in the component is attached to the *PART card. If you write a Structured deck and a *PART card is defined for a spring component, the card is not written to the deck.

NOTE $HMERROR messages are added to the deck during these transformations.

RADIOSS Data Transfer

The following limitations exists when working with RADIOSS and LS-DYNA:

• Element Config 103 (TRIA3) Type 2 are incompatible

• RADIOSS material types 6, 10, 24, 32, 38, and 40 do not translate to LS-DYNA materials

• LS-DYNA material types do not translate to RADIOSS

To create load curves manually:

1. Select the xy plots panel on the Post page.

2. Select the edit curves panel.

3. Select the create subpanel.

4. Click plot = and select the plot to which this curve belongs, or create a new plot.

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5. Click math to create the curve for both x and y data.

In the x = field, enter a 1-D comma-separated array, surrounded by brackets, {}. Repeat this for the y = field. Make the arrays for x and y of equal length. For example: x = {0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3} y = {2.1, 2.5, 3.7, 4.9}

6. The data in a load curve can be assigned to any entity that requires a reference to a curve (loads or materials), or reviewed in the card previewer.

To read load curves from disk:

1. Load curves can be read from disk by reading a LS-DYNA file that contains only load curve data (*DEFINE_CURVE) via the feinput translator.

2. To read load curves:

Select the xy plots panel on the Post page. Select the read curves panel.

The data must be in the following format:

Format Example

XYDATA, <curve name> XYDATA, curve1

<x1>,<y1> 0.000000, 2.000000

<x2>,<y2> 1.000000, 3.000000

<x3>,<y3> 2.000000, 4.000000

ENDDATA ENDDATA

To write load curves to disk:

Use the following steps to output a data curve as an XY file (XYDATA ... ENDDATA).

1. Select the xy plots panel on the Post page.

2. Select the simple math panel.

3. In the plot =, 1st curve =, and 2nd curve = fields select the plot and curve to be written to disk.

4. Select the external operation to select an external filter to be applied to the curve.

5. In the target = field, select the same curve as the one to be written to disk.

This results in the curve being overwritten by itself. Ignore the warning message when execute is selected.

6. Select the todisk filter in the filter box or use a copy command such as /bin/cp (the path must be present).

7. Enter the name of the output file in the params field.

8. Click execute.

9. Click OK to overwrite the curve in the 1st curve = field.

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Recommended Process

In order to take advantage of new features, you must make some changes in the set-up process for LS-DYNA models. This recommended process for using HyperMesh’s LS-DYNA interface is explained in the following sections.

Creating welds

Welds in LS-DYNA can be represented using *CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODY. This constraint card points to a *SET_NODE_LIST card which contains the nodes that are constrained. In HyperMesh, such a weld is represented as rigidlink elements. In HyperMesh 5.1, a new option has been added that allows rigidlink elements to point to a node set. To use this feature, you must turn on the check box Attach dependent nodes as a set before you create the rigids. This creates a node set with all the dependent nodes and attaches the set to the rigidlink. Either updating the node set or the rigidlink itself can update the weld. The ids of the node sets can be renumbered in the renumber panel. HyperMesh creates rigidlink elements when there are a minimum of two nodes comprising the rigid. While importing an LS-DYNA keyword file into HyperMesh 5.1, the *CONSTRAINED_NODAL_RIGID_BODYs are converted to rigidlinks with sets and set ids maintained. HyperMesh 5.0 or earlier database files (.hm files) that contain rigids and rigidlinks should be converted to take advantage of the new option. Use the RLs with Sets macro available in the dynakey macro menu to convert the older rigids to rigidlinks with sets. The dynakey macro menu is located in ~altairhome/hm/version/scripts/ dynakey/dyna_key.mac. Node sets that are used to define welds are written along with other entity sets (not with the *CONSTRAINED card). This explanation is valid for other rigid constraints such as *CONSTRAINED_NODE_SET and *CONSTRAINED_GENERALIZED_WELD

Welds (mesh independent) can also be represented in LS-DYNA using *ELEMENT_BEAM with *MAT_SPOTWELD. These welds can be created using the SpotWelds macro on the Tools page of the dynakey macro menu. This macro creates welds using master weld files and automatically creates the necessary *CONTACT_SPOTWELD group.

To create these welds individually (without a master weld file):

1. Create a *SECTION_BEAM with element formulation 9.

2. Create the *ELEMENT_ BEAM from the spotweld panel in the 1D page.

3. Use the elems-elems subpanel and select the element config of bar2.

Note: Make sure to select the *SECTION_BEAM property before you create these spotweld elements. The created *ELEMENT_BEAMs are connected to the shell elements that the element beam projects onto using HyperMesh plot elements.

These plot elements are necessary for users to determine which welds attach to which components. The Plot elements are exported to the LS-DYNA data file using HyperMesh comments ($HMPLOTEL).

Creating contacts

Various improvements have been made to the support of *CONTACT_ and *RIGIDWALL_ cards of LS-DYNA in HyperMesh 5.1. In order to create a *CONTACT or a *RIGIDWALL that points to a *SET (part set, segment set, element set, node set) or a *DEFINE_BOX in HyperMesh 5.1, you must first create a set or a box and then assign the set or box to the interface or rigidwall. This has been done

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to address the following issue – When a HyperMesh user imports an LS-DYNA keyword file into HyperMesh 5.0, the boxes and sets that point to a contact were converted to be part of a HyperMesh interface. Now when you export the model, the new ids of these sets and boxes created may not match the ids in the LS-DYNA keyword file that was originally imported into HyperMesh. In HyperMesh 5.1, these sets and boxes are converted into HyperMesh entity sets and blocks thus preserving their ids. Now the interfaces/groups point to these sets and blocks in their definition. Along with preserving the ids of sets, this enhancement allows you to use the same *SET_SEGMENT or *DEFINE_BOX in multiple contacts. It also allows you to define a contact using exempt SET_PART option. When importing a Dyna keyword file into HyperMesh 5.1, the sets and boxes are automatically created and assigned to the corresponding contact definition. HyperMesh 5.0 or earlier database files when imported into 5.1 contain the contact definition in the old format. They are still exported correctly, but you should update them in order to take advantage of the new functionality.

To create contacts in HyperMesh 5.1:

1. Create a contact using a *SET_SEGMENT:

� In the contactsurf panel on BCs page, create a *SET_SEGMENT (contactsurf) using 1d elements, shell elements or faces of solid elements

� Create a *CONTACT in the interfaces panel with the intended contact type.

� In the add subpanel, select the master or slave type to contactsurf and select the contactsurf created in the first step.

� Click update.

2. Create a contact using *DEFINE_BOX:

� In the blocks panel on the BCs page and create a *DEFINE_BOX.

� Create a *CONTACT from the interfaces panel or *RIGIDWALL from the rigidwall panel with the intended contact type.

� In to the card image subpanel, click edit.

A card image of that contact is displayed.

� Click on either the SBOXID or MBOXID field to convert it to a yellow box selector.

� Click it again and select the BOX created in first step.

� In the add subpanel, select ALL for the master or slave type.

� Click Update.

3. Create a contact using *SET_PART or *SET_SHELL or *SET_NODE:

� In the entity sets panel on the BCs page, create a set of comps (SET_PART) or elements (SET_SHELL or SET_BEAM) or nodes (SET_NODE).

� Create a *CONTACT from the interfaces panel or *RIGIDWALL from the rigidwall panel with the intended contact type.

� In the add subpanel, select set for the master or slave type and select the set created in the first step.

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� Click add.

4. Create a contact using exempt *SET_PART:

� Follow the steps in step 3 to create a contact using *SET_PART.

� In the card image subpanel, click edit.

A card image of that contact is displayed.

� Turn of the check box for ExemptSlvPartSet.

The SSTYPE field becomes 6.

� Add a box:

• Click card edit.

• Click SBOXID.

• Select the box.

Due to the above-mentioned changes to the support of contacts in HyperMesh 5.1, there will no display on/off of a group (contact) that contains a *SET_PART, *SET_SHELL or *SET_NODE. All the entity sets are exported together (different from earlier versions of HyperMesh) where the sets are written after the contact that uses the sets.

Creating airbags

Many new enhancements have been made to the control vol panel. You can create control volumes using *SET_PART or *SET_SEGMENT. A contactsurf (SET_SEGMENT) or an entity set (SET_PART) must be created prior to the controlvol. The control volume can then be created using these contactsurfs or entity sets. A reference geometry can also be created using nodes. These nodes are independent of the nodes in the airbag and you can select any nodes in the model. The coordinates of the nodes selected at the creation of the reference geometry are stored as their reference coordinates.

Blanks

In the card editor, all the attribute fields are supported as Blanks. You must click on the field and input the value. This is a change from HyperMesh 5.0 where some of the attribute fields had a default value.

Editing an LS-DYNA Model to add cards not supported by HyperMesh

Even though HyperMesh supports most LS-DYNA cards used by the majority of users, some cards are not supported. In order to use unsupported cards with the LS-DYNA model, you can add them in HyperMesh (no need to use a text editor). Select the unsupp_cards in the control cards panel on the BCs page. You can then enter the cards in the pop-up text editor. You must exercise care with formatting and card validity. Care should also be taken if any of the cards point to entities inside HyperMesh (such as cards pointing to sets, parts, etc). HyperMesh stores these cards as text and does not consider pointers. When importing an LS-DYNA model into HyperMesh, any cards that are encountered that HyperMesh does not support are written in this section, thus they get exported along with the remaining model.

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Miscellaneous updates

Please see the LS-DYNA section of the HyperMesh 5.1 release notes for details regarding additional LS-DYNA interface updates. You can obtain the release notes by clicking on the whats new button in the Geom page.